1、Designation: F1848 98 (Reapproved 2012)F1848 14Standard Classification System forSearch and Rescue Dog Crew/TeamsCanine SearchResources1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1848; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This classification system defines canine search resources in terms of their training and capa
3、bilities.1.2 This classification aids search and rescue managers in ordering dog crew/team system is intended to aid emergencymanagers ordering resources for search and rescue incidents and to aid dog handlers in communicating the types of incidents.These classifications also provide a means by whic
4、h dog handlers can convey to emergency management the tasks for which they,and their dogs havedogs, are trained.1.2 This classification is intended as a supplement to the resource typing specifications of the Incident Command System2 andspecifically as a means of typing search and rescue dog resourc
5、es.1.3 This classification is suitable for classifying dog resources for a wide variety of emergency management purposes includingboth search and rescue and law enforcement incidents.1.3 This classification system does not attempt to put forth define standards of performance or training for dogs or
6、their handlers.This is the responsibility of local agencies responsible for utilizing the resource.canine search resources.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1633 Guide for Techniques in Land SearchF3048 Guide for Swiftwater/Flood Search and Rescue Operations2.2 Other Referenced Documents:S
7、WGDOG SC1 Terminology3SWGDOG SC8 Substance Dogs: Human Remains43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 air-scenting,area vsearcha search dog action which requires whereby the dog to search for human scent attempts todetect the presence of human scent and, if found, loc
8、ate its source within a defined search area.3.1.2 kind, categoryna classification of a group of similar team/crew functions.specific task for which a canine searchresource is trained.3.1.3 human remainsall or part of a deceased human body.3.1.4 kinda subset of some canine search resource categories.
9、3.1.5 scent discrimination, discriminationnthe ability of a dog to distinguish between the scents of different individuals andto work an assigned scent to complete a SAR activity.search activity without alerting on scents other than that assigned.1 This classification is under the jurisdiction ofAST
10、M Committee F32 on Search and Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.02 on Management andOperations.Current edition approved May 1, 2012March 1, 2014. Published June 2012May 2014. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20052012 asF1848 98 (2005).(2012). D
11、OI: 10.1520/F1848-98R12.10.1520/F1848-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 http:/casgroup.fiu
12、.edu/pages/docs/1062/1335294274_SC1_Terminology_%28abcdefghijk%29.pdf4 http:/casgroup.fiu.edu/pages/docs/1062/1335294313_SC8_Human_Remains.pdfThis document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previou
13、s version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM Inter
14、national, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.6 tracking, trackingva search dog action that requires the dog to put its nose within 1 to 2 ft (or m) of the targets trackas it moves towards the freshest scent.wherein a non-scent discriminating dog f
15、ollows a persons route by detecting fresh humanscent on the ground or by following scent caused by the physical disturbance of substrate such as crushed vegetation, soil etc.3.1.7 trailing, trailingva search dog action that allows the dog to range about a targets trail in proportion to the rafts of
16、scentas it moves towards the freshest scent.wherein a scent discriminating dog follows a specific persons route by detecting scent onthe ground and in nearby plumes.3.1.6 type, na classification that refers to resource capability.3.1.7 typing, vthe classification of search and rescue resources by ty
17、pe and kind.3.2 Terminology not defined in this classification but referenced in the text can Other terminology included in this guide maybe found in Terminology F1633. or SWGDOG SC1.4. Classification of Search and Rescue Dog Types4.1 Typing of SAR dog resources is based upon the most basic methods
18、of using working dogs engaged in search and rescueactivities. These two basic types are based upon whether or not the dog can effectively discriminate between the human scent ofdifferent individuals.4.2 Type ITrained to discriminate human scent, and4.3 Type IINot trained to discriminate human scent.
19、4. Significance and Use4.1 This standard may be used to classify canine search resources (commonly referred to as search dog teams or crews) foremergency management operations, including search and rescue and law enforcement missions.4.2 Classification of canine search resources is based upon the tr
20、aining of the dog and its handler and their ability to performspecific tasks.4.3 Canine search resources are classified by category, kind, and type.4.4 A canine search resource may be more than one category.4.5 A canine search resource may be more than one kind.4.6 A particular kind of canine search
21、 resource can only be one type.4.7 A canine search resources type can vary, depending on its kind.5. Classification of Search and Rescue Dog Kinds Canine Search Resource Category5.1 Kind classifications of SAR dog resources are based upon the specific tasks for which dogs are deployed.5.2 Kind AArea
22、 Search DogSAR dog teams trained to search moderately large unstructured areas of varied terrain.5.3 Kind BAvalanche Search DogSAR dog teams trained to search avalanche debris fields.5.4 Kind CCadaver Search DogSAR dog teams trained to search for deceased human remains.5.1 Kind DDisaster/Collapsed S
23、tructure Search DogSARCategory dog teams trained to search for human scent in failedmanmade structures, and natural debris fields.identifies the specific task for which a canine search resource is trained:5.1.1 Area SearchA canine search resource trained to search structured areas of varied terrain
24、with minimal man-madestructures.5.1.2 Avalanche SearchA canine search resource trained to search avalanche debris fields.5.1.3 Land Human Remains DetectionA canine search resource trained to search for human remains on the land.5.1.4 Water SearchA canine search resource trained to search for human s
25、cent or remains in bodies of water.5.1.5 Disaster/Collapsed Structure SearchA canine search resource trained to search for human scent in failed man-madestructures and natural debris fields.5.1.6 Evidence SearchA canine search resource trained to search for inanimate objects with transferred human s
26、cent.5.1.7 TrailingAcanine search resource trained to follow a persons route by detecting the scent left on the ground or clingingto vegetation.5.1.8 TrackingA canine search resource trained to follow a persons route, following foot fall to foot fall without significantdeviation from the persons phy
27、sical trail.5.1.9 Structure SeachA canine search resource trained to search for human scent in man-made structures.5.6 Kind EEvidence Search DogSAR dog teams trained to search for inanimate objects.5.7 Kind FTrailing Search DogSAR dog teams trained to search by trailing.5.8 Kind GTracking Search Dog
28、SAR dog teams trained to search by tracking.F1848 1425.9 Kind HWater SearchSAR dog teams trained to search for human scent in and along bodies of water.6. Canine Search Resource Kind6.1 Kind further defines a canine search resources capabilities in regard to a particular category.6.1.1 Not all canin
29、e search resource categories are differentiated by kind.6.2 Area Search:6.2.1 Scent SpecificTrained to discriminate between human scents.6.2.2 Non-Scent SpecificNot trained to discriminate between human scents.6.3 Avalanche (none).6.4 Land Human Remains Detection (none).6.5 Water Search:6.5.1 ShoreA
30、 canine search resource trained to search from the shore only for human scent or the scent of human remains inthe water.6.5.2 Still WaterA canine search resource trained to search on still water for human scent or the scent of human remains inthe water.6.5.3 Swiftwater5Acanine search resource traine
31、d to search on moving water for human scent or the scent of human remainsin the water.6.6 Disaster/Collapsed Structure Search:6.6.1 Live FindA canine search resource trained to search for live humans only.6.6.2 HRDA canine search resource trained to search for human remains only.6.6.3 Live Find/HRDA
32、 canine search resource trained to search for, and differentiate between, live humans and humanremains.6.7 Evidence Search:6.7.1 Scent SpecificTrained to discriminate between human scents.6.7.2 Non-Scent SpecificNot trained to discriminate between human scents.6.8 Trailing (none).6.9 Tracking (none)
33、.6.10 Structure Search:6.10.1 Scent SpecificTrained to discriminate between human scents.6.10.2 Non-Scent SpecificNot trained to discriminate between human scents.7. Canine Search Resource Type7.1 Type indicates the maximum period of time during which a canine search resource is prepared, in terms o
34、f training andequipment, to function in the field before additional logistical support will be required.7.1.1 12-hA canine search resource that can be deployed for up to 12 h at a time.7.1.2 24-hA canine search resource that can be deployed for up to 24 h at a time.7.1.3 72-hA canine search resource
35、 that can be deployed to remote locations for up to 72 h without additional logisticalsupport.8. Keywords8.1 canines; incident command system;systems; resource typing; search dogsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item me
36、ntionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committe
37、e and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetin
38、g of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
39、Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Pe
40、rmission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).5 For a definition of swiftwater see Guide F3048.F1848 1432 International Fire Service Training Association, Incident Command System Field Operations Guide, ICS 420, available from the International Fire Service TrainingAssociation, Fire Protection Publications, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.F1848 144
