1、Designation: F 1898 01An American National StandardStandard Specification forHelmets for Non-Motorized Wheeled Vehicle Used by Infantsand Toddlers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1898; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers performance requirements forhelmets manufactured for us
3、e by infants and toddlers aspassengers or operators of nonmotorized vehicles intended fortheir use. This specification recognizes the desirability oflightweight construction and ventilation; however, it is aperformance standard and is not intended to restrict design.1.2 All testing and requirements
4、of this specification shallbe in accordance with Test Methods F 1446 except as noted.1.3 Partial utilization of this standard is prohibited. Anystatement of compliance with this specification must be acertification that the product meets all of the requirements ofthis specification in their entirety
5、. A product that fails to meetany one of the requirements of this specification is consideredto have failed this standard, and should not be sold with anyindication that it meets parts of this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Usedin
6、 Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of ProtectiveHeadgear3. Labels and Warnings3.1 In addition to the labeling requirements outlined in TestMethods F 1446, the helmet shall have the words “For use byinfants and toddlers when riding non-motorized wheeled ve-hicles intended for their use” insc
7、ribed on one of the interiorpermanent labels.4. Marking the Test Line4.1 The test line is shown in Fig. 1 and shall be marked inaccordance with Test Methods F 1446.5. Conditioning and Number of Samples5.1 Four helmets of each model and size are required fortesting.5.2 Conditioning of test samples is
8、 described in Sections 11and 12 of Test Methods F 1446.6. Headforms6.1 Headforms to be used in this specification are sizes Aand E according to 6.1 of Test Methods F 1446. The appropri-ate size headform shall be selected (see 3.1.7 of Test MethodsF 1446) for the helmet to be tested.6.2 The weight of
9、 the drop assembly as specified in 16.3 ofTest Methods F 1446 shall be 3.20 6 0.15 kg for the Aheadform and 4.00 6 0.20 kg for the E headform.6.3 The headform center of gravity specified in AppendixX1 of Test Methods F 1446 will be allowed an additionaltolerance in the X-axis. The tolerance allows t
10、he location of thecenter of gravity to lie between -6.5 mm and 40 mm of thecenter of the ball socket (positive X is toward the monorailwhere applicable).7. Peripheral Vision Requirement7.1 The peripheral vision requirements shall be as specifiedin 14.2 of Test Methods F 1446.8. Retention System Test
11、ing8.1 Retention system tests will be performed before impacttesting. The retention system shall be tested in accordance withTest Methods F 1446 using a 7-kg 6 5 % support assembly.8.2 The stability (roll-off) test will be performed using a4-kg drop mass falling a distance of 0.6 m. The stability te
12、stwill be performed on the ambient helmet.8.3 The retention system shall remain intact and the helmetmust remain on the headform.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.53 onHeadgear an
13、d Helmets.Current edition approved May 10, 2001. Published September 2001. Originallypublished as F 1898 98. Last previous edition F 1898 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volu
14、me information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8.4 The dynamic strength test will be performed using a4-kg drop mass falling a distance of 0.6 m. The dy
15、namicstrength test will be performed on the cold, wet and hot helmet.8.5 The retention system shall remain intact without elon-gating more than 30 mm.9. Anvils and Impact Velocities9.1 Anvils to be used for impact tests in this specificationare the flat, hemispherical and curbstone anvils described
16、in16.4 and shown in Figs. 7, 8, and 11 of Test Methods F 1446.9.2 The helmet shall be dropped onto the flat anvil toachieve an impact velocity of 6.2 m/s 6 3 % (corresponding toa theoretical drop height of 2.0 m).9.3 The helmet shall be dropped onto the hemispherical andcurbstone anvils to achieve a
17、n impact velocity of 4.8 m/s 63 % (corresponding to a theoretical drop height of 1.2 m).10. Impact Sites10.1 Impact tests shall be performed after retention testing.10.2 The center of the impact can be anywhere on or abovethe test line shown in Fig. 1.11. Impacting Schedule11.1 Each hot, cold, or we
18、t helmet shall receive a singleimpact at not more than four sites.11.2 Impacts shall be separated by a minimum of 120 mm.11.3 Any combination of flat and hemispherical anvils canbe applied to the hot, cold and wet helmets.11.4 The ambient helmet shall receive one impact using thecurbstone anvil.12.
19、Peak Acceleration Requirements12.1 The peak acceleration (g, max) of the impact shall bemeasured with equipment described in Section 16 of TestMethods F 1446.12.2 The peak acceleration of any impact shall not exceed300 g.13. Keywords13.1 bicycle; helmet; infant and toddlerDimensionHeadformSizeXL/2 Y
20、RSTUA 24.0 88.0 89.7 30.0 15.0 118.0 63.0E 26.0 94.5 96.0 32.0 16.0 126.5 67.5NOTE 1This test line drawing shows test lines on helmet rather than on headform and uses dimensional nomenclature R, S, T, U as in other drawings(formerly a, b, c,.). The position of the lines on this drawing has not chang
21、ed except that they are a bit more stringent because of the angle of projectionfrom the c/g, which is the center of the ball about which the headform pivots to align an impact site with the anvil.FIG. 1 Marking the Test LineF1898012ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any
22、patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revis
23、ion at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your c
24、omments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrig
25、hted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F1898013
