1、Designation: F 1900 98 (Reapproved 2004)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forWater Resistance of Footwear Using a Walking StepSimulator1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1900; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a method of measuring thewater resistance of footwea
3、r.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced
4、 Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2098 Test Method for Dynamic Water Resistance of ShoeUpper Leather by the Dow Corning Leather TesterD 2099 Test Method for Dynamic Water Resistance of ShoeUpper Leather by the Maeser Water Penetration Tester2.2 SATRA Test Method:3Physical Test Method PM81 Trough-Water
5、 Penetration Test2.3 FIA Test Methods:4No. 1209, Appendix BWhole Shoe Flex in Water3. Significance and Use3.1 Water resistance is a desirable characteristic for manydifferent types of footwear. This test method provides a guidefor measuring water resistance under dynamic conditions thatclosely dupli
6、cate normal human walking. The degree ofcorrelation between this test and footwear performance in thefield or footwear performance in the SATRA Trough-WaterPenetration Test has not been fully determined.4. Apparatus4.1 Mechanism, such as the one shown in Fig. 1, thatapproximates the movements and fo
7、rces involved in humanwalking motion. The important features of the walking motionproduced by the mechanism are defined as follows:4.1.1 At the beginning of a step (the point where the heel ofthe footwear touches the walking surface) the leg pylonattached to the prosthetic foot shall form an angle o
8、f 16 6 5(relative to a line perpendicular to the walking surface) asshown in Fig. 2.4.1.2 At the end of a step (the point where the toe of thefootwear departs from the walking surface) the leg pylon shallform an angle 31 6 5 (see Fig. 2).4.1.3 Each step shall begin with no force being exerted onthe
9、footwear and with the footwear not in contact with thewalking surface. When the footwear contacts the walkingsurface, it shall remain in contact during the entire supportphase of the step and then depart from the walking surface atthe end of the step.4.1.4 During the support phase of each step, a do
10、wnwardforce shall be applied to the footwear to simulate the weight ofthe user. The force shall equal one bodyweight of the typicalprospective user, with a tolerance of 610 %, unless a differentforce is specified. Table 1 lists the body masses of 50thpercentile adults and children, and the equivalen
11、t one body-weight downward force levels. If no other downward force isspecified, the values in Table 1 shall be used.NOTE 1The force under the prosthetic foot can be measured with aload cell or force plate.4.2 Mens 26-cm (U.S. Size 9) or Womens 24-cm (U.S. Size7) Right or Left Prosthetic Foot, shall
12、 be used unless a differentsize is specified. The foot shall closely approximate the shape,texture, and flexibility of a human foot.4.2.1 A minimum of six moisture sensors shall be placed atthe following locations on the prosthetic foot: instep, big toe,inner and outer ball, and inner and outer heel
13、, as illustrated inFig. 3.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.54 onAthletic Footwear.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previou
14、s edition approved in 1998 as F 1900 - 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from SAT
15、RA Footwear Technology Centre, Rockingham Road,Kettering, Northamptonshire, NN16 9JH, United Kingdom.4Available from Footwear Industries of America, 1420 K St. NW, Suite 600,Washington, DC.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Sta
16、tes.4.2.2 The moisture sensors shall determine the presence ofwater. A circuit diagram for a sensor that has proven to besuitable for this application is shown in Fig. 4.4.3 Water Tank, made of stainless steel (or other corrosion-resistant material). The tank shall be large enough so that theupper p
17、ortion of a shoe or boot does not come in contact withthe tank at any time during the test. The tank should have anopening in the front, that is covered by transparent material, topermit observation of the footwear during the test.4.4 Recording Device, that counts the number of steps(cycles) that th
18、e footwear is subjected to, monitors the moisturesensors, and records the number of steps that have beenaccomplished when the sensors become “wet.”(1) Prosthetic foot with moisture sensors(2) Water tank(3) Motor with speed control(4) Mechanism for producing back and forth motion(5) Cam to control lo
19、cation of knee(6) Cam to control location of ankle(7) Slide mechanism(8) Air cylinder to lower the foot at the beginning of each step and raise it again at the completion of eachstepFIG. 1 Footwear TesterF 1900 98 (2004)25. Reagents5.1 Tap Water, 20 to 25C.6. Test Specimen6.1 Footwear, mens 26 cm (U
20、.S. Size 9) or womens 24 cm(U.S. Size 7) unless a different size is specified.6.2 Number of SpecimensA minimum of three specimensof each model shall be tested.NOTE 2Footwear should be thoroughly dry at the beginning of a test.Footwear that has been exposed to water should be dried in a warm,well-ven
21、tilated area, away from any direct heat until dry to the touch.7. Preparation of Apparatus7.1 The prosthetic foot is removed from the tester and acotton athletic sock5is placed on the foot. The wrinkles andseams of the sock are smoothed, and then the foot is insertedinto the footwear. If the footwea
22、r has a fastening system, suchas laces, it is secured tightly.NOTE 3Socks shall be laundered, using nonbiological detergent, andair-dried prior to use.7.2 PrecautionsIn order to prevent unwanted water pen-etration, follow these instructions:7.2.1 Into the Top of a Shoe Due to SplashingAny suitableme
23、thod may be used to prevent water from entering a shoe overthe topline. This includes, but is not limited to, leggings, rubbersheeting, and tape. If necessary, the legging, rubber sheeting,etc., may be glued, using rubber cement or other suitablematerial, to the shoe. Care should be taken to insure
24、that theglue, legging, etc., does not cover any area that is to be studiedfor water resistance.7.3 Install the prosthetic foot and the footwear to be testedon the tester and attach the wires from the moisture sensors tothe recording device.7.4 Place 20 to 25C water into the tank.7.5 Water depth shal
25、l be minimum of 1.0 cm above thefeatherline, defined as lower extremity of the upper of the shoe,at the point where it meets the sole or insole.NOTE 4The amount of water in the tank may be varied dependingupon the type of footwear being tested and the area of the footwear thatis to be studied. If th
26、e tongue construction is also of interest, the waterdepth will need to be high enough to insure that the tongue is either underwater during a portion of each step, or subjected to splashed water at eachstep.8. Procedure8.1 Operate the tester continuously at a speed of 34 steps/min (equivalent to a 3
27、.2-kph (2-mph) walk) until one of thesensors becomes wet.8.2 When a sensor becomes wet, stop the test immediatelyand as quickly as practical, remove and inspect the footwearand attempt to determine the origin of the leak. Record the sizeand location of the wet area on a report diagram similar to tha
28、tshown in Fig. 5.NOTE 5In some instances, the wet area inside the footwear may bevery difficult to define visually. When that is a problem, better contrastbetween the wet and dry areas may be achieved by adding a water solubledye to the water in the tank.5An 85 % cotton, 15 % nylon crew sock is reco
29、mmended. If a different type ofsock is used, a description of the sock shall be reported.FIG. 2 Typical Ranges of Motion During Ground Contact During Walking at 3.2 kph (2.0 mph)TABLE 1 Body Masses and Equivalent One BodyweightDownward Force Levels of 50th Percentile Adults and ChildrenMass, kg One
30、Bodyweight,newtonsAdult Men 70 687Adult Women 60 589Children, Age 10 33 324F 1900 98 (2004)38.3 If no leaks occur and the agreed upon number of stepshave been completed, stop the tester, and as quickly aspractical, remove the footwear and inspect it for evidence ofwater infiltration. If a leak is fo
31、und, record the size and locationof the wet area on a report diagram similar to that shown in Fig.5. If no evidence of leakage is determined, report that thefootwear successfully completed the required number of stepswithout leaking.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.2 Water Penetration
32、:9.2.1 Number of specimens tested,9.2.2 Description of the footwear tested,9.2.3 Depth of water in the tank and position reached on thefootwear,9.2.4 Number of steps required to produce water penetra-tion,9.2.5 Location of leak and size of area affected by the leak,9.2.6 Additional details, such as
33、precautions taken to ensurethat water did not enter the footwear at the topline, and9.2.7 Any deviations from this test method.9.3 Water ResistanceReport the same information as in9.2-9.2.7, except that if no water penetration occurs, the reportshall include the number of steps completed and a state
34、mentthat no leaks were found (see 8.3).10. Precision and Bias10.1 No information is presented here about the precision orbias of this test method for measuring water resistance becausethe test is nonquantitative.11. Keywords11.1 boots; footwear; shoes; sport shoes; walking simulator;water penetratio
35、n; water resistanceFIG. 3 Approximate Location of Moisture Sensors on Prosthetic FeetFIG. 4 Moisture Sensor CircuitF 1900 98 (2004)4ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard
36、 are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif n
37、ot revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which
38、 you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 5 Typical Report SheetF 1900 98 (2004)5
