1、Designation: F1900 98 (Reapproved 2017) An American National StandardStandard Test Method forWater Resistance of Footwear Using a Walking StepSimulator1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1900; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a method of measuring thewater resistance of footwear.
3、1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use
4、.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers t
5、o Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2098 Test Method for Dynamic Water Resistance of ShoeUpper Leather by the Dow Corning Leather TesterD2099 Test Method for Dynamic Water Resistance of ShoeUpper Leather by the Maeser Water Penetration Tester2.2 SATRA Test Method:3Phy
6、sical Test Method PM81 Trough-Water Penetration Test2.3 FIA Test Methods:4No. 1209, Appendix BWhole Shoe Flex in Water3. Significance and Use3.1 Water resistance is a desirable characteristic for manydifferent types of footwear. This test method provides a guidefor measuring water resistance under d
7、ynamic conditions thatclosely duplicate normal human walking. The degree ofcorrelation between this test and footwear performance in thefield or footwear performance in the SATRA Trough-WaterPenetration Test has not been fully determined.4. Apparatus4.1 Mechanism, such as the one shown in Fig. 1, th
8、atapproximates the movements and forces involved in humanwalking motion. The important features of the walking motionproduced by the mechanism are defined as follows:4.1.1 At the beginning of a step (the point where the heel ofthe footwear touches the walking surface) the leg pylonattached to the pr
9、osthetic foot shall form an angle of 16 6 5(relative to a line perpendicular to the walking surface) asshown in Fig. 2.4.1.2 At the end of a step (the point where the toe of thefootwear departs from the walking surface) the leg pylon shallform an angle 31 6 5 (see Fig. 2).4.1.3 Each step shall begin
10、 with no force being exerted onthe footwear and with the footwear not in contact with thewalking surface. When the footwear contacts the walkingsurface, it shall remain in contact during the entire supportphase of the step and then depart from the walking surface atthe end of the step.4.1.4 During t
11、he support phase of each step, a downwardforce shall be applied to the footwear to simulate the weight ofthe user. The force shall equal one bodyweight of the typicalprospective user, with a tolerance of 610 %, unless a differentforce is specified. Table 1 lists the body masses of 50thpercentile adu
12、lts and children, and the equivalent one body-weight downward force levels. If no other downward force isspecified, the values in Table 1 shall be used.NOTE 1The force under the prosthetic foot can be measured with aload cell or force plate.4.2 Mens 26-cm (U.S. Size 9) or Womens 24-cm (U.S. Size7) R
13、ight or Left Prosthetic Foot, shall be used unless a differentsize is specified. The foot shall closely approximate the shape,texture, and flexibility of a human foot.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the dir
14、ect responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.54 on Athletic Footwear.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F1900 98 (2012).DOI: 10.1520/F1900-98R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.as
15、tm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from SATRA Footwear Technology Centre, Rockingham Road,Kettering, Northamptonshire, NN16 9JH, United Kingdom.4Av
16、ailable from Footwear Industries of America, 1420 K St. NW, Suite 600,Washington, DC.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on
17、standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.2.1 A minimum of six moisture sensors shall be placed atthe following locations on
18、 the prosthetic foot: instep, big toe,inner and outer ball, and inner and outer heel, as illustrated inFig. 3.4.2.2 The moisture sensors shall determine the presence ofwater. A circuit diagram for a sensor that has proven to besuitable for this application is shown in Fig. 4.4.3 Water Tank, made of
19、stainless steel (or other corrosion-resistant material). The tank shall be large enough so that theupper portion of a shoe or boot does not come in contact withthe tank at any time during the test. The tank should have anopening in the front, that is covered by transparent material, topermit observa
20、tion of the footwear during the test.(1) Prosthetic foot with moisture sensors(2) Water tank(3) Motor with speed control(4) Mechanism for producing back and forth motion(5) Cam to control location of knee(6) Cam to control location of ankle(7) Slide mechanism(8) Air cylinder to lower the foot at the
21、 beginning of each step and raise it again at the completion of eachstepFIG. 1 Footwear TesterF1900 98 (2017)24.4 Recording Device, that counts the number of steps(cycles) that the footwear is subjected to, monitors the moisturesensors, and records the number of steps that have beenaccomplished when
22、 the sensors become “wet.”5. Reagents5.1 Tap Water, 20 to 25C.6. Test Specimen6.1 Footwear, mens 26 cm (U.S. Size 9) or womens 24 cm(U.S. Size 7) unless a different size is specified.6.2 Number of SpecimensA minimum of three specimensof each model shall be tested.NOTE 2Footwear should be thoroughly
23、dry at the beginning of a test.Footwear that has been exposed to water should be dried in a warm,well-ventilated area, away from any direct heat until dry to the touch.7. Preparation of Apparatus7.1 The prosthetic foot is removed from the tester and acotton athletic sock5is placed on the foot. The w
24、rinkles andseams of the sock are smoothed, and then the foot is insertedinto the footwear. If the footwear has a fastening system, suchas laces, it is secured tightly.NOTE 3Socks shall be laundered, using nonbiological detergent, andair-dried prior to use.7.2 PrecautionsIn order to prevent unwanted
25、waterpenetration, follow these instructions:7.2.1 Into the Top of a Shoe Due to SplashingAny suitablemethod may be used to prevent water from entering a shoe overthe topline. This includes, but is not limited to, leggings, rubbersheeting, and tape. If necessary, the legging, rubber sheeting,etc., ma
26、y be glued, using rubber cement or other suitablematerial, to the shoe. Care should be taken to insure that theglue, legging, etc., does not cover any area that is to be studiedfor water resistance.7.3 Install the prosthetic foot and the footwear to be testedon the tester and attach the wires from t
27、he moisture sensors tothe recording device.7.4 Place 20 to 25C water into the tank.7.5 Water depth shall be minimum of 1.0 cm above thefeatherline, defined as lower extremity of the upper of the shoe,at the point where it meets the sole or insole.NOTE 4The amount of water in the tank may be varied d
28、ependingupon the type of footwear being tested and the area of the footwear thatis to be studied. If the tongue construction is also of interest, the waterdepth will need to be high enough to insure that the tongue is either underwater during a portion of each step, or subjected to splashed water at
29、 eachstep.8. Procedure8.1 Operate the tester continuously at a speed of 34 steps/min (equivalent to a 3.2-kph (2-mph) walk) until one of thesensors becomes wet.8.2 When a sensor becomes wet, stop the test immediatelyand as quickly as practical, remove and inspect the footwearand attempt to determine
30、 the origin of the leak. Record the sizeand location of the wet area on a report diagram similar to thatshown in Fig. 5.5An 85 % cotton, 15 % nylon crew sock is recommended. If a different type ofsock is used, a description of the sock shall be reported.FIG. 2 Typical Ranges of Motion During Ground
31、Contact During Walking at 3.2 kph (2.0 mph)TABLE 1 Body Masses and Equivalent One BodyweightDownward Force Levels of 50th Percentile Adults and ChildrenMass, kg One Bodyweight,newtonsAdult Men 70 687Adult Women 60 589Children, Age 10 33 324F1900 98 (2017)3NOTE 5In some instances, the wet area inside
32、 the footwear may bevery difficult to define visually. When that is a problem, better contrastbetween the wet and dry areas may be achieved by adding a water solubledye to the water in the tank.8.3 If no leaks occur and the agreed upon number of stepshave been completed, stop the tester, and as quic
33、kly aspractical, remove the footwear and inspect it for evidence ofwater infiltration. If a leak is found, record the size and locationof the wet area on a report diagram similar to that shown in Fig.5. If no evidence of leakage is determined, report that thefootwear successfully completed the requi
34、red number of stepswithout leaking.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.2 Water Penetration:9.2.1 Number of specimens tested,9.2.2 Description of the footwear tested,9.2.3 Depth of water in the tank and position reached on thefootwear,9.2.4 Number of steps required to produce waterpenetra
35、tion,9.2.5 Location of leak and size of area affected by the leak,9.2.6 Additional details, such as precautions taken to ensurethat water did not enter the footwear at the topline, and9.2.7 Any deviations from this test method.9.3 Water ResistanceReport the same information as in9.2 9.2.7, except th
36、at if no water penetration occurs, thereport shall include the number of steps completed and astatement that no leaks were found (see 8.3).10. Precision and Bias10.1 No information is presented here about the precision orbias of this test method for measuring water resistance becausethe test is nonq
37、uantitative.11. Keywords11.1 boots; footwear; shoes; sport shoes; walking simulator;water penetration; water resistanceFIG. 3 Approximate Location of Moisture Sensors on Prosthetic FeetFIG. 4 Moisture Sensor CircuitF1900 98 (2017)4ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any p
38、atent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revisi
39、on at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your co
40、mments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrigh
41、ted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 5 Typical Report SheetF1900 98 (2017)5
