1、Designation: F 1908 08Standard Guide forFences for Residential Outdoor Swimming Pools, Hot Tubs,and Spas1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1908; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides recommended minimum require-ments for various types of fences for residential outdoorswimming pools, ho
3、t tubs, and spas.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values stated in brackets are for informationonly.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 392 Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Chain-LinkFence FabricA 491 Specification for Aluminum-Coated Steel Cha
4、in-Link Fence FabricF 552 Terminology Relating to Chain Link FencingF 668 Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) andOther Organic Polymer-Coated Steel Chain-Link FenceFabricF 1183 Specification forAluminumAlloy Chain Link FenceFabricF 1345 Specification for Zinc-5 % Aluminum-MischmetalAlloy-Coat
5、ed Steel Chain-Link Fence FabricF 1346 Performance Specification for Safety Covers andLabeling Requirements for All Covers for SwimmingPools, Spas and Hot TubsF 2286 Design and Performance Specification for Remov-able Mesh Fencing for Swimming Pools, Hot Tubs, andSpasF 2518 Guide for Use of a Reside
6、ntial Swimming Pool,Spa, and Hot Tub Safety Audit to Prevent UnintentionalDrowning2.2 CPSC Document:3CPSC Staff Recommendations, Barriers for ResidentialSwimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs (March 1992)2.3 APSP Document:4ANSI/APSP-7 Model Barrier Code for Residential Swim-ming Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs
7、2.4 ICC Document:5International Building Code20062.5 SBCCI Document:51993 SBCCI Bluebook, Standard Swimming Pool Code2.6 ANSI Standards:6Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and Labels3. Terminology3.1 See Terminology F 552 for definitions of terms relatingto chain link fencing.3.2 Definitions of Terms Speci
8、fic to This Standard:3.2.1 fence, na type of barrier that surrounds and ob-structs access to the pool, tub, or spa.3.2.2 grade, nthe finished elevation at any specified pointof the ground or pavement outside the pool area.3.2.3 hot tub, nSee spa.3.2.4 outdoor, adjlocated outside of a completely en-c
9、losed building or other structure.3.2.5 residential, adjsituated on the premises of a de-tached one- or two-family dwelling or a one-family town housenot more than three stories in height.3.2.6 spa (nonportable), na permanent structure contain-ing water over 24 in. 610 mm deep, in which the water-he
10、ating and water-circulating equipment are not an integralpart of the product, intended for recreational bathing.3.2.7 spa (portable), na nonpermanent structure contain-ing water over 24 in. 610 mm deep, in which all controls,water-heating, and water-circulating equipment are an integralpart of the p
11、roduct, intended for recreational bathing.3.2.8 swimming pool, nan in-ground, on-ground, orabove-ground structure of a permanent, semi-permanent, or1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fences and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.10 on Specific Applications.Cu
12、rrent edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F 1908 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vol
13、ume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330 EastWest Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814, http:/www.cpsc.gov.4Available from The Association of Pool and Spa Professionals (APSP), 2111Eisenhower Avenue, Ale
14、xandria, VA 22314, http:/www.asps.org.5Available from International Code Council (ICC), 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite600, Falls Church, VA 22041-3401, http:/www.intlcode.org.6Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Co
15、pyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.portable fabrication containing water over 24 in. 610 mmdeep and designed and constructed in accordance with localcodes, used for bathing, swimming, diving, racing, or otheractivity.4. Sum
16、mary of Practice4.1 This guide is based in part upon recommendations of theCPSC, the American Association of Pediatrics, the NationalCenter for Injury Prevention, and the American MedicalAssociation. It also incorporates certain provisions of theAPSPModel Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools,
17、 Spas andHot Tubs (ANSI/APSP-7).4.2 The CPSC recommends the use of barriers and othersafety devices to create “layers of protection.” PerformanceSpecifications F 1346 and F 2286 and Guide F 2518 describevarious other layers that should be used in conjunction withthis guide to reduce the risk of drow
18、ning for children under theage of five in residential swimming pools, hot tubs, and spas.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide sets forth minimum standard requirementsfor use in local codes and ordinances relating to residentialoutdoor swimming pools, hot tubs, and spas.5.2 This guide does not have
19、the effect of law, nor is itintended to supersede local codes and ordinances of a morerestrictive nature.5.3 Studies, as listed in Annex A1, have been referenced asthe bases for certain recommendations in this guide and willassist those who intend to provide protection against drowningsand near-drow
20、nings by restricting access to children under theage of five years in residential swimming pools, spas, and hottubs. This would include, but not be limited to, state and localgovernments, model code organizations, building code groups,and consumers. It is understood that the format will varydependin
21、g upon the specific use and local conditions.6. Requirements6.1 HeightThe top of the fence shall be a minimum of 48in. 1219 mm above grade measured on the side of the fencethat faces away from the swimming pool. If the fence ismounted on top of an above ground pool, the top of the fenceshall be a mi
22、nimum of 36 in. 914 mm above the top of thepool structure, provided the top of the pool structure is aminimum of 48 in. 1219 mm above grade (see 3.2.2 fordefinition of grade specific to this guide).6.2 VisibilityThe fence on top of an above ground poolshall be so designed and constructed that it has
23、 at least a 65 %open area to allow visibility from a designated supervising areaoutside the pool area to inside the pool area.6.3 Ground ClearanceThe maximum vertical clearancebetween grade and the bottom of the fence shall be 4 in. 102mm measured on the side of the fence that faces away fromthe swi
24、mming pool. Where the top of the pool structure isabove grade, such as an above ground pool, the fence may beat ground level or mounted on top of the pool structure. Wherethe fence is mounted on top of the pool structure, the spacebetween the top of the pool structure and the bottom of thefence shal
25、l be no greater than 4 in. 102 mm in any direction.6.4 Solid Barriers that do not have openings, such asmasonry or stone walls, shall not contain indentations orprotrusions except for normal construction tolerances andtooled masonry joints. Such indentations shall not be deeperthan 0.375 in. 10 mm.6
26、.5 Horizontal and Vertical MembersWhere the fence iscomposed of horizontal and vertical members and if thedistance between the tops of the horizontal members is lessthan 45 in. 1143 mm, the horizontal members shall not extendmore than 0.375 in. 10 mm outside of the enclosure, and thespacing between
27、the vertical members shall not exceed 134 in.44 mm (see Fig. 1). If the distance between the tops of at leasttwo consecutive horizontal members is 45 in. 1143 mm ormore, the spacing between the vertical members shall notexceed 4 in. 102 mm (see Fig. 2). Where there are decorativecutouts, the spacing
28、 within the cutouts shall not exceed 134 in.44 mm.6.6 Chain Link FencesMesh opening for chain link fencesshall be a nominal 114 in. 32 mm measured between theparallel sides of the mesh, and a maximum of 134 in. 44 mmmeasured horizontally between the corners of the installedmesh, as illustrated in Fi
29、g. 3 (see Note 1), unless the fence isprovided with privacy slats (see Note 2) fastened at the top orthe bottom, in which case no opening in the mesh shall exceed134 in. 44 mm.NOTE 1If the tolerance of 618 in. 3.2 mm indicated in Specifica-tions A 392, A 491, F 668, F 1183, and F 1345 is rigidly app
30、lied to anordered nominal mesh size of 114 in. 32 mm measured between theparallel sides of the mesh, the result could be a dimension exceeding thespecified maximum of 134 in. 44 mm measured horizontally between thecorners of the installed mesh. The degree of tension applied to the fabricduring insta
31、llation could also affect this horizontal dimension. In all cases,the horizontal opening between the corners of the fabric mesh aftertensioning shall not exceed 134 in. 44 mm.NOTE 2Caution Regarding Privacy SlatsPrivacy slats where usedshall not violate the requirements of 6.2 regarding visibility.6
32、.7 Diagonal Members:6.7.1 Where the fence is composed of diagonal members,such as in a lattice fence, any opening created by the diagonalmembers located less than 48 in. 1219 mm above grade shallbe a maximum of 134 in. 44 mm measured in its largestdirection.FIG. 1 If Horizontal Members are Less Than
33、 45 in. Apart, VerticalSpacing Shall Not Exceed 134 in.F19080826.7.2 Diagonal bracing members extending from one side tothe opposite side creating a ladder effect on all styles of fencesand gates are not permitted where spacing of vertical membersin any area between posts exceeds 134 in. 44 mm.6.8 A
34、ccess Gates:6.8.1 Double Leaf access gates shall comply with the re-quirements of 6.1-6.6 and shall be equipped with a padlock orother key-operated locking deice that must be locked when thegate is not in use.6.8.2 Single Leaf access gates shall open outward awayfrom the pool, shall be self-closing,
35、 and shall have a self-latching device. Where the release mechanism of the self-latching device is located less than 54 in. 1372 mm abovegrade, the release mechanism shall be located on the pool sideof the gate a minimum of 3 in. 76 mm below the top of thegate and the gate and fence shall have no op
36、ening greater than12 in. 13 mm within 18 in. 457 mm of the releasemechanism when the gate is in the fully closed position (seeFig. 4).6.9 The fence shall completely surround the pool structurewhen practical. Where a building or dwelling or portion thereofmust be utilized as part of the pool enclosur
37、e, and if theexterior wall or walls of that portion of the building containsdoors, windows, or other openings refer to PerformanceSpecifications F 1346 and F 2286 and Guide F 2518 to installand ensure the proper layers of safety.6.10 Above-Ground Pools or On-Ground Pools:6.10.1 Pool WallAn above-gro
38、und or on-ground poolwall itself may be the barrier if the pool structure is on gradeand the wall is at least 48 in. 1219 mm in height. Other typesof barriers can be mounted on the pool structure or cansurround the pool at ground level. Where the barrier is mountedon the pool structure, the opening
39、between the top surface ofthe pool frame and the bottom of the fence shall be no greaterthan 4 in. 102 mm in any direction. Where an above-groundor on-ground pool wall is less than 48 in. 1219 mm above theground, it is not considered a barrier and therefore a barrierfence in accordance with 6.1-6.8
40、shall be provided.6.10.2 Ladders or StepsWhere an above-ground or on-ground pool wall is used as a barrier or where the barrier ismounted on the pool structure, and the means of access to thepool is a ladder or steps, then:FIG. 2 If Horizontal Members are Equal to or More Than 45 in.Apart, Vertical
41、Spacing Shall Not Exceed 4 in.FIG. 3 Nominal 114 in. Square Chain Link MeshFIG. 4 Latch Release MechanismF19080836.10.2.1 The ladder or steps shall be capable of beingsecured, locked, or removed to prevent access; or6.10.2.2 The ladder or steps shall be surrounded by a barrierfence that meets the re
42、quirements of 6.1-6.8.6.10.3 Fence Mounted on Top of 48 in. 1219 mm orHigher Above Ground or On Ground Pool Wall Structure:6.10.3.1 Where provided, the top rail of a fence mounted ontop of the pool structure or deck of an above-ground oron-ground pool that is in conformance with 6.10.1 shall be amin
43、imum of 36 in. 914 mm above the deck surface.6.10.3.2 Where a picket or ornamental type fence is pro-vided, it shall comply with the 45 in. 1143 mm heightrequirements of 6.5.6.10.3.3 VisibilityWhere fencing is required and/or pro-vided with the pool or deck, it shall comply with the require-ments of
44、 6.2.6.10.4 DeckWhere an above-ground or on-ground poolhas a deck that abuts or is adjacent to a dwelling and directaccess to the deck is through the exterior wall of the dwelling,such access shall be in compliance with 6.9.6.11 GroundingContinuous runs of metal fencing, in-stalled in the ground wit
45、hin 10 ft of the pool, shall be groundedin compliance with the requirements of local utilities andelectrical codes.7. Prohibited Locations7.1 Fences shall be located so as to prohibit the use ofpermanent structures, equipment, or similar objects to aid inclimbing the fence.7.2 Clear ZoneThere shall
46、be a clear zone of at least 48in. 1219 mm between the swimming pool barrier and anypermanent structures or pool equipment such as pumps, filters,heaters, etc. that can be used as an aid to climb the barrier.8. Maintenance and Inspection8.1 It is the responsibility of the home owner, occupant, ortena
47、nt to maintain the integrity of the fence and to regularlyinspect the gates, doors, etc. for proper closing and lockingoperation, and the alarms for correct operation.8.2 Keep the area outside the fence free of toys, furniture, orother objects that could be moved by a child and used to climbthe fenc
48、e.8.3 Signage complying with ANSI Z535.4 to provide warn-ings about certain risks found in the pool/spa environment(such as: constant adult supervision required, maintain a clearzone around the barrier, keep the gate closed and secured whenpool/spa is not in use) shall be placed in the pool area and
49、maintained by the homeowner.9. Keywords9.1 fence; fences; hot tubs; pools; spas; swimming poolsANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. RATIONALEA1.1 The presence of a fence around a residential swim-ming pool, spa, or hot tub is only one in many available layersof passive protection against drownings or near-drownings.Such passive protection should never be construed as takingthe place of constant adult supervision.A1.2 About 350 children under five years of age drowneach year in
