1、Designation: F1908 08 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Guide forFences for Residential Outdoor Swimming Pools, Hot Tubs,and Spas1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1908; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides recommended minimum require-ments for various types of fences for residential outdoorswi
3、mming pools, hot tubs, and spas.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values stated in parentheses are for informa-tion only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A392 Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Chain-Link FenceFabricA491 Specification for Aluminu
4、m-Coated Steel Chain-LinkFence FabricF552 Terminology Relating to Chain Link FencingF668 Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polyolefinand Other Polymer-Coated Steel Chain Link Fence FabricF1183 Specification for Aluminum Alloy Chain Link FenceFabricF1345 Specification for Zinc-5 % Aluminum-
5、MischmetalAlloy-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence FabricF1346 Performance Specification for Safety Covers andLabeling Requirements for All Covers for SwimmingPools, Spas and Hot TubsF2286 Design and Performance Specification for RemovableMesh Fencing for Swimming Pools, Hot Tubs, and SpasF2518 Guide for
6、 Use of a Residential Swimming Pool, Spa,and Hot Tub Safety Audit to Prevent UnintentionalDrowning2.2 CPSC Document:3CPSC Staff Recommendations, Barriers for ResidentialSwimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs (March 1992)2.3 APSP Document:4ANSI/APSP-7 Model Barrier Code for Residential Swim-ming Pools, S
7、pas and Hot Tubs2.4 ICC Document:5International Building Code20062.5 SBCCI Document:51993 SBCCI Bluebook, Standard Swimming Pool Code2.6 ANSI Standards:6Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and Labels3. Terminology3.1 See Terminology F552 for definitions of terms relatingto chain link fencing.3.2 Definitions
8、 of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 fence, na type of barrier that surrounds and obstructsaccess to the pool, tub, or spa.3.2.2 grade, nthe finished elevation at any specified pointof the ground or pavement outside the pool area.3.2.3 hot tub, nSee spa.3.2.4 outdoor, adjlocated outside of a co
9、mpletely en-closed building or other structure.3.2.5 residential, adjsituated on the premises of a de-tached one- or two-family dwelling or a one-family town housenot more than three stories in height.3.2.6 spa (nonportable), na permanent structure contain-ing water over 24 in. (610 mm) deep, in whi
10、ch the water-heating and water-circulating equipment are not an integralpart of the product, intended for recreational bathing.3.2.7 spa (portable), na nonpermanent structure contain-ing water over 24 in. (610 mm) deep, in which all controls,water-heating, and water-circulating equipment are an inte
11、gralpart of the product, intended for recreational bathing.3.2.8 swimming pool, nan in-ground, on-ground, orabove-ground structure of a permanent, semi-permanent, or1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fences and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.10 on Specifi
12、c Applications.Current edition approved March 1, 2013. Published March 2013. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F1908 08. DOI:10.1520/F1908-08R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.or
13、g. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330 EastWest Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814, http:/www.cpsc.gov.4Available from The Association of Pool and Spa Professio
14、nals (APSP), 2111Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314, http:/www.asps.org.5Available from International Code Council (ICC), 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite600, Falls Church, VA 22041-3401, http:/www.intlcode.org.6Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New
15、 York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1portable fabrication containing water over 24 in. (610 mm)deep and designed and constructed in accordance with localcodes, used for bathing, swimming,
16、 diving, racing, or otheractivity.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This guide is based in part upon recommendations of theCPSC, the American Association of Pediatrics, the NationalCenter for Injury Prevention, and the American MedicalAssociation. It also incorporates certain provisions of theAPSPModel Barr
17、ier Code for Residential Swimming Pools, Spas andHot Tubs (ANSI/APSP-7).4.2 The CPSC recommends the use of barriers and othersafety devices to create “layers of protection.” PerformanceSpecifications F1346 and F2286 and Guide F2518 describevarious other layers that should be used in conjunction with
18、this guide to reduce the risk of drowning for children under theage of five in residential swimming pools, hot tubs, and spas.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide sets forth minimum standard requirementsfor use in local codes and ordinances relating to residentialoutdoor swimming pools, hot tubs, a
19、nd spas.5.2 This guide does not have the effect of law, nor is itintended to supersede local codes and ordinances of a morerestrictive nature.5.3 Studies, as listed in Annex A1, have been referenced asthe bases for certain recommendations in this guide and willassist those who intend to provide prot
20、ection against drowningsand near-drownings by restricting access to children under theage of five years in residential swimming pools, spas, and hottubs. This would include, but not be limited to, state and localgovernments, model code organizations, building code groups,and consumers. It is underst
21、ood that the format will varydepending upon the specific use and local conditions.6. Requirements6.1 HeightThe top of the fence shall be a minimum of 48in. (1219 mm) above grade measured on the side of the fencethat faces away from the swimming pool. If the fence ismounted on top of an above ground
22、pool, the top of the fenceshall be a minimum of 36 in. (914 mm) above the top of thepool structure, provided the top of the pool structure is aminimum of 48 in. (1219 mm) above grade (see 3.2.2 fordefinition of grade specific to this guide).6.2 VisibilityThe fence on top of an above ground poolshall
23、 be so designed and constructed that it has at least a 65 %open area to allow visibility from a designated supervising areaoutside the pool area to inside the pool area.6.3 Ground Clearance The maximum vertical clearancebetween grade and the bottom of the fence shall be 4 in. (102mm) measured on the
24、 side of the fence that faces away fromthe swimming pool. Where the top of the pool structure isabove grade, such as an above ground pool, the fence may beat ground level or mounted on top of the pool structure. Wherethe fence is mounted on top of the pool structure, the spacebetween the top of the
25、pool structure and the bottom of thefence shall be no greater than 4 in. (102 mm) in any direction.6.4 Solid Barriers that do not have openings, such asmasonry or stone walls, shall not contain indentations orprotrusions except for normal construction tolerances andtooled masonry joints. Such indent
26、ations shall not be deeperthan 0.375 in. (10 mm).6.5 Horizontal and Vertical Members Where the fence iscomposed of horizontal and vertical members and if thedistance between the tops of the horizontal members is lessthan 45 in. (1143 mm), the horizontal members shall not extendmore than 0.375 in. (1
27、0 mm) outside of the enclosure, and thespacing between the vertical members shall not exceed 134 in.(44 mm) (see Fig. 1). If the distance between the tops of at leasttwo consecutive horizontal members is 45 in. (1143 mm) ormore, the spacing between the vertical members shall notexceed 4 in. (102 mm)
28、 (see Fig. 2). Where there are decorativecutouts, the spacing within the cutouts shall not exceed 134 in.(44 mm).6.6 Chain Link FencesMesh opening for chain link fencesshall be a nominal 114 in. (32 mm) measured between theparallel sides of the mesh, and a maximum of 134 in. (44 mm)measured horizont
29、ally between the corners of the installedmesh, as illustrated in Fig. 3 (see Note 1), unless the fence isprovided with privacy slats (see Note 2) fastened at the top orthe bottom, in which case no opening in the mesh shall exceed134 in. (44 mm).NOTE 1If the tolerance of 618 in. (3.2 mm) indicated in
30、 Specifica-tions A392, A491, F668, F1183, and F1345 is rigidly applied to anordered nominal mesh size of 114 in. (32 mm) measured between theparallel sides of the mesh, the result could be a dimension exceeding thespecified maximum of 134 in. (44 mm) measured horizontally between thecorners of the i
31、nstalled mesh. The degree of tension applied to the fabricduring installation could also affect this horizontal dimension. In all cases,the horizontal opening between the corners of the fabric mesh aftertensioning shall not exceed 134 in. (44 mm).NOTE 2Caution Regarding Privacy SlatsPrivacy slats wh
32、ere usedshall not violate the requirements of 6.2 regarding visibility.6.7 Diagonal Members:6.7.1 Where the fence is composed of diagonal members,such as in a lattice fence, any opening created by the diagonalFIG. 1 If Horizontal Members are Less Than 45 in. Apart, VerticalSpacing Shall Not Exceed 1
33、34 in.F1908 08 (2013)2members located less than 48 in. (1219 mm) above grade shallbe a maximum of 134 in. (44 mm) measured in its largestdirection.6.7.2 Diagonal bracing members extending from one side tothe opposite side creating a ladder effect on all styles of fencesand gates are not permitted wh
34、ere spacing of vertical membersin any area between posts exceeds 134 in. (44 mm).6.8 Access Gates:6.8.1 Double Leaf access gates shall comply with therequirements of 6.1-6.6 and shall be equipped with a padlockor other key-operated locking deice that must be locked whenthe gate is not in use.6.8.2 S
35、ingle Leaf access gates shall open outward awayfrom the pool, shall be self-closing, and shall have a self-latching device. Where the release mechanism of the self-latching device is located less than 54 in. (1372 mm) abovegrade, the release mechanism shall be located on the pool sideof the gate a m
36、inimum of 3 in. (76 mm) below the top of thegate and the gate and fence shall have no opening greater than12 in. (13 mm) within 18 in. (457 mm) of the releasemechanism when the gate is in the fully closed position (seeFig. 4).6.9 The fence shall completely surround the pool structurewhen practical.
37、Where a building or dwelling or portion thereofmust be utilized as part of the pool enclosure, and if theexterior wall or walls of that portion of the building containsdoors, windows, or other openings refer to PerformanceSpecifications F1346 and F2286 and Guide F2518 to installand ensure the proper
38、 layers of safety.6.10 Above-Ground Pools or On-Ground Pools:6.10.1 Pool WallAn above-ground or on-ground pool wallitself may be the barrier if the pool structure is on grade and thewall is at least 48 in. (1219 mm) in height. Other types ofbarriers can be mounted on the pool structure or can surrou
39、ndthe pool at ground level. Where the barrier is mounted on thepool structure, the opening between the top surface of the poolframe and the bottom of the fence shall be no greater than 4 in.(102 mm) in any direction. Where an above-ground or on-ground pool wall is less than 48 in. (1219 mm) above th
40、eFIG. 2 If Horizontal Members are Equal to or More Than 45 in.Apart, Vertical Spacing Shall Not Exceed 4 in.FIG. 3 Nominal 114 in. Square Chain Link MeshFIG. 4 Latch Release MechanismF1908 08 (2013)3ground, it is not considered a barrier and therefore a barrierfence in accordance with 6.1-6.8 shall
41、be provided.6.10.2 Ladders or Steps Where an above-ground or on-ground pool wall is used as a barrier or where the barrier ismounted on the pool structure, and the means of access to thepool is a ladder or steps, then:6.10.2.1 The ladder or steps shall be capable of beingsecured, locked, or removed
42、to prevent access; or6.10.2.2 The ladder or steps shall be surrounded by a barrierfence that meets the requirements of 6.1-6.8.6.10.3 Fence Mounted on Top of 48 in. (1219 mm) orHigher Above Ground or On Ground Pool Wall Structure:6.10.3.1 Where provided, the top rail of a fence mounted ontop of the
43、pool structure or deck of an above-ground oron-ground pool that is in conformance with 6.10.1 shall be aminimum of 36 in. (914 mm) above the deck surface.6.10.3.2 Where a picket or ornamental type fence isprovided, it shall comply with the 45 in. (1143 mm) heightrequirements of 6.5.6.10.3.3 Visibili
44、tyWhere fencing is required and/or pro-vided with the pool or deck, it shall comply with the require-ments of 6.2.6.10.4 DeckWhere an above-ground or on-ground poolhas a deck that abuts or is adjacent to a dwelling and directaccess to the deck is through the exterior wall of the dwelling,such access
45、 shall be in compliance with 6.9.6.11 GroundingContinuous runs of metal fencing, in-stalled in the ground within 10 ft of the pool, shall be groundedin compliance with the requirements of local utilities andelectrical codes.7. Prohibited Locations7.1 Fences shall be located so as to prohibit the use
46、 ofpermanent structures, equipment, or similar objects to aid inclimbing the fence.7.2 Clear ZoneThere shall be a clear zone of at least 48 in.(1219 mm) between the swimming pool barrier and anypermanent structures or pool equipment such as pumps, filters,heaters, etc. that can be used as an aid to
47、climb the barrier.8. Maintenance and Inspection8.1 It is the responsibility of the home owner, occupant, ortenant to maintain the integrity of the fence and to regularlyinspect the gates, doors, etc. for proper closing and lockingoperation, and the alarms for correct operation.8.2 Keep the area outs
48、ide the fence free of toys, furniture, orother objects that could be moved by a child and used to climbthe fence.8.3 Signage complying with ANSI Z535.4 to provide warn-ings about certain risks found in the pool/spa environment(such as: constant adult supervision required, maintain a clearzone around
49、 the barrier, keep the gate closed and secured whenpool/spa is not in use) shall be placed in the pool area andmaintained by the homeowner.9. Keywords9.1 fence; fences; hot tubs; pools; spas; swimming poolsANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. RATIONALEA1.1 The presence of a fence around a residential swim-ming pool, spa, or hot tub is only one in many available layersof passive protection against drownings or near-drownings.Such passive protection should never be construed as takingthe place of constant adult supervision.A1.2 About 350 children
