1、Designation: F1908 08 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Guide forFences for Residential Outdoor Swimming Pools, Hot Tubs,and Spas1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1908; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides recommended minimum require-ments for various types of fences for residential outdoorswi
3、mming pools, hot tubs, and spas.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values stated in parentheses are for informa-tion only.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established
4、in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A392 Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Chain-Link FenceFabricA491 Sp
5、ecification for Aluminum-Coated Steel Chain-LinkFence FabricF552 Terminology Relating to Chain Link FencingF668 Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polyolefinand Other Polymer-Coated Steel Chain Link Fence FabricF1183 Specification for Aluminum Alloy Chain Link FenceFabricF1345 Specification
6、 for Zinc-5 % Aluminum-MischmetalAlloy-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence FabricF1346 Performance Specification for Safety Covers andLabeling Requirements for All Covers for SwimmingPools, Spas and Hot TubsF2286 Design and Performance Specification for RemovableMesh Fencing for Swimming Pools, Hot Tubs,
7、and SpasF2518 Guide for Use of a Residential Swimming Pool, Spa,and Hot Tub Safety Audit to Prevent UnintentionalDrowning (Withdrawn 2015)32.2 CPSC Document:4CPSC Staff Recommendations, Barriers for ResidentialSwimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs (March 1992)2.3 APSP Document:5ANSI/APSP-7 Model Barrie
8、r Code for Residential Swim-ming Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs2.4 ICC Document:6International Building Code20062.5 SBCCI Document:61993 SBCCI Bluebook, Standard Swimming Pool Code2.6 ANSI Standards:7Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and Labels3. Terminology3.1 See Terminology F552 for definitions of terms rela
9、tingto chain link fencing.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 fence, na type of barrier that surrounds and obstructsaccess to the pool, tub, or spa.3.2.2 grade, nthe finished elevation at any specified pointof the ground or pavement outside the pool area.3.2.3 hot tub, nSee spa.
10、3.2.4 outdoor, adjlocated outside of a completely en-closed building or other structure.3.2.5 residential, adjsituated on the premises of a de-tached one- or two-family dwelling or a one-family town housenot more than three stories in height.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F1
11、4 on Fences and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.10 on SpecificApplications and OtherFence Systems and Components.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F1908 08(2013).DOI: 10.1520/F1908-08R18
12、.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is re
13、ferenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330 EastWest Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814, http:/www.cpsc.gov.5Available from The Association of Pool and Spa Professionals (APSP), 2111Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314, http:/www.asps.org.6Available from Int
14、ernational Code Council (ICC), 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite600, Falls Church, VA 22041-3401, http:/www.intlcode.org.7Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
15、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the
16、 World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2.6 spa (nonportable), na permanent structure contain-ing water over 24 in. (610 mm) deep, in which the water-heating and water-circulating equipment are not an integralpart of the product, intended for recreational bathing.3.2
17、.7 spa (portable), na nonpermanent structure contain-ing water over 24 in. (610 mm) deep, in which all controls,water-heating, and water-circulating equipment are an integralpart of the product, intended for recreational bathing.3.2.8 swimming pool, nan in-ground, on-ground, orabove-ground structure
18、 of a permanent, semi-permanent, orportable fabrication containing water over 24 in. (610 mm)deep and designed and constructed in accordance with localcodes, used for bathing, swimming, diving, racing, or otheractivity.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This guide is based in part upon recommendations of the
19、CPSC, the American Association of Pediatrics, the NationalCenter for Injury Prevention, and the American MedicalAssociation. It also incorporates certain provisions of theAPSPModel Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools, Spas andHot Tubs (ANSI/APSP-7).4.2 The CPSC recommends the use of barriers
20、 and othersafety devices to create “layers of protection.” PerformanceSpecifications F1346 and F2286 and Guide F2518 describevarious other layers that should be used in conjunction withthis guide to reduce the risk of drowning for children under theage of five in residential swimming pools, hot tubs
21、, and spas.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide sets forth minimum standard requirementsfor use in local codes and ordinances relating to residentialoutdoor swimming pools, hot tubs, and spas.5.2 This guide does not have the effect of law, nor is itintended to supersede local codes and ordinances o
22、f a morerestrictive nature.5.3 Studies, as listed in Annex A1, have been referenced asthe bases for certain recommendations in this guide and willassist those who intend to provide protection against drowningsand near-drownings by restricting access to children under theage of five years in resident
23、ial swimming pools, spas, and hottubs. This would include, but not be limited to, state and localgovernments, model code organizations, building code groups,and consumers. It is understood that the format will varydepending upon the specific use and local conditions.6. Requirements6.1 HeightThe top
24、of the fence shall be a minimum of 48in. (1219 mm) above grade measured on the side of the fencethat faces away from the swimming pool. If the fence ismounted on top of an above ground pool, the top of the fenceshall be a minimum of 36 in. (914 mm) above the top of thepool structure, provided the to
25、p of the pool structure is aminimum of 48 in. (1219 mm) above grade (see 3.2.2 fordefinition of grade specific to this guide).6.2 VisibilityThe fence on top of an above ground poolshall be so designed and constructed that it has at least a 65 %open area to allow visibility from a designated supervis
26、ing areaoutside the pool area to inside the pool area.6.3 Ground Clearance The maximum vertical clearancebetween grade and the bottom of the fence shall be 4 in. (102mm) measured on the side of the fence that faces away fromthe swimming pool. Where the top of the pool structure isabove grade, such a
27、s an above ground pool, the fence may beat ground level or mounted on top of the pool structure. Wherethe fence is mounted on top of the pool structure, the spacebetween the top of the pool structure and the bottom of thefence shall be no greater than 4 in. (102 mm) in any direction.6.4 Solid Barrie
28、rs that do not have openings, such asmasonry or stone walls, shall not contain indentations orprotrusions except for normal construction tolerances andtooled masonry joints. Such indentations shall not be deeperthan 0.375 in. (10 mm).6.5 Horizontal and Vertical Members Where the fence iscomposed of
29、horizontal and vertical members and if thedistance between the tops of the horizontal members is lessthan 45 in. (1143 mm), the horizontal members shall not extendmore than 0.375 in. (10 mm) outside of the enclosure, and thespacing between the vertical members shall not exceed 134 in.(44 mm) (see Fi
30、g. 1). If the distance between the tops of at leasttwo consecutive horizontal members is 45 in. (1143 mm) ormore, the spacing between the vertical members shall notexceed 4 in. (102 mm) (see Fig. 2). Where there are decorativecutouts, the spacing within the cutouts shall not exceed 134 in.(44 mm).6.
31、6 Chain Link FencesMesh opening for chain link fencesshall be a nominal 114 in. (32 mm) measured between theparallel sides of the mesh, and a maximum of 134 in. (44 mm)measured horizontally between the corners of the installedmesh, as illustrated in Fig. 3 (see Note 1), unless the fence isprovided w
32、ith privacy slats (see Note 2) fastened at the top orthe bottom, in which case no opening in the mesh shall exceed134 in. (44 mm).NOTE 1If the tolerance of 618 in. (3.2 mm) indicated in Specifica-tions A392, A491, F668, F1183, and F1345 is rigidly applied to anordered nominal mesh size of 114 in. (3
33、2 mm) measured between theparallel sides of the mesh, the result could be a dimension exceeding thespecified maximum of 134 in. (44 mm) measured horizontally between theFIG. 1 If Horizontal Members are Less Than 45 in. Apart, VerticalSpacing Shall Not Exceed 134 in.F1908 08 (2018)2corners of the ins
34、talled mesh. The degree of tension applied to the fabricduring installation could also affect this horizontal dimension. In all cases,the horizontal opening between the corners of the fabric mesh aftertensioning shall not exceed 134 in. (44 mm).NOTE 2Caution Regarding Privacy SlatsPrivacy slats wher
35、e usedshall not violate the requirements of 6.2 regarding visibility.6.7 Diagonal Members:6.7.1 Where the fence is composed of diagonal members,such as in a lattice fence, any opening created by the diagonalmembers located less than 48 in. (1219 mm) above grade shallbe a maximum of 134 in. (44 mm) m
36、easured in its largestdirection.6.7.2 Diagonal bracing members extending from one side tothe opposite side creating a ladder effect on all styles of fencesand gates are not permitted where spacing of vertical membersin any area between posts exceeds 134 in. (44 mm).6.8 Access Gates:6.8.1 Double Leaf
37、 access gates shall comply with therequirements of 6.1 6.6 and shall be equipped with a padlockor other key-operated locking deice that must be locked whenthe gate is not in use.6.8.2 Single Leaf access gates shall open outward awayfrom the pool, shall be self-closing, and shall have a self-latching
38、 device. Where the release mechanism of the self-latching device is located less than 54 in. (1372 mm) abovegrade, the release mechanism shall be located on the pool sideof the gate a minimum of 3 in. (76 mm) below the top of thegate and the gate and fence shall have no opening greater than12 in. (1
39、3 mm) within 18 in. (457 mm) of the releasemechanism when the gate is in the fully closed position (seeFig. 4).6.9 The fence shall completely surround the pool structurewhen practical. Where a building or dwelling or portion thereofmust be utilized as part of the pool enclosure, and if theexterior w
40、all or walls of that portion of the building containsdoors, windows, or other openings refer to PerformanceSpecifications F1346 and F2286 and Guide F2518 to installand ensure the proper layers of safety.6.10 Above-Ground Pools or On-Ground Pools:6.10.1 Pool WallAn above-ground or on-ground pool wall
41、itself may be the barrier if the pool structure is on grade and thewall is at least 48 in. (1219 mm) in height. Other types ofbarriers can be mounted on the pool structure or can surroundthe pool at ground level. Where the barrier is mounted on theFIG. 2 If Horizontal Members are Equal to or More Th
42、an 45 in.Apart, Vertical Spacing Shall Not Exceed 4 in.FIG. 3 Nominal 114 in. Square Chain Link MeshFIG. 4 Latch Release MechanismF1908 08 (2018)3pool structure, the opening between the top surface of the poolframe and the bottom of the fence shall be no greater than 4 in.(102 mm) in any direction.
43、Where an above-ground or on-ground pool wall is less than 48 in. (1219 mm) above theground, it is not considered a barrier and therefore a barrierfence in accordance with 6.1 6.8 shall be provided.6.10.2 Ladders or Steps Where an above-ground or on-ground pool wall is used as a barrier or where the
44、barrier ismounted on the pool structure, and the means of access to thepool is a ladder or steps, then:6.10.2.1 The ladder or steps shall be capable of beingsecured, locked, or removed to prevent access; or6.10.2.2 The ladder or steps shall be surrounded by a barrierfence that meets the requirements
45、 of 6.1 6.8.6.10.3 Fence Mounted on Top of 48 in. (1219 mm) orHigher Above Ground or On Ground Pool Wall Structure:6.10.3.1 Where provided, the top rail of a fence mounted ontop of the pool structure or deck of an above-ground oron-ground pool that is in conformance with 6.10.1 shall be aminimum of
46、36 in. (914 mm) above the deck surface.6.10.3.2 Where a picket or ornamental type fence isprovided, it shall comply with the 45 in. (1143 mm) heightrequirements of 6.5.6.10.3.3 VisibilityWhere fencing is required and/or pro-vided with the pool or deck, it shall comply with the require-ments of 6.2.6
47、.10.4 DeckWhere an above-ground or on-ground poolhas a deck that abuts or is adjacent to a dwelling and directaccess to the deck is through the exterior wall of the dwelling,such access shall be in compliance with 6.9.6.11 GroundingContinuous runs of metal fencing, in-stalled in the ground within 10
48、 ft of the pool, shall be groundedin compliance with the requirements of local utilities andelectrical codes.7. Prohibited Locations7.1 Fences shall be located so as to prohibit the use ofpermanent structures, equipment, or similar objects to aid inclimbing the fence.7.2 Clear ZoneThere shall be a c
49、lear zone of at least 48 in.(1219 mm) between the swimming pool barrier and anypermanent structures or pool equipment such as pumps, filters,heaters, etc. that can be used as an aid to climb the barrier.8. Maintenance and Inspection8.1 It is the responsibility of the home owner, occupant, ortenant to maintain the integrity of the fence and to regularlyinspect the gates, doors, etc. for proper closing and lockingoperation, and the alarms for correct operation.8.2 Keep the area outside the fence free of toys, furniture, orother objects
