1、Designation: F 1909 98 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Specification forPreformed OpenCell Sponge Rubber Pail and DrumGaskets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1909; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers preformed opencell spongerubber gaskets of the following classes for use in new or
3、reconditioned pails or drums.1.1.1 Class ANonOil Resistant.1.1.2 Class BOil Resistant.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only toSection 10, General Test Methods. This standard does notpurport to address all of the safe
4、ty concerns, if any, associatedwith its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.NOTE 1ISO Equivalency StatementThis proposed specification wasfound to be not eq
5、uivalent.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompressionSetD 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD 575 Test Methods for Rubber Properties in CompressionD 1056 Specification for Flexibl
6、e Cellular MaterialsSponge or Expanded RubberD 3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, andProcedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-ing Standard Vulcanized SheetsD 3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for TestPurposes from Products3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Speci
7、fic to This Standard:3.1.1 cellular materiala generic term for materials con-taining many open cells dispersed throughout the mass.3.1.2 flexible cellular materiala flexible, cellular materialthat will not rupture within 60 s when a specimen 200 by 25 by25 mm (8 by 1 by 1 in.) is bent around a 25 mm
8、 (1 in.) diametermandrel at a uniform rate of one lap in5sintheform of a helixat a temperature between 18 and 29C (65 and 85F).3.1.3 natural skina relatively dense layer at the surface ofa cellular material. Normally, this natural skin is formed bycontact with the mold during manufacture. Parts made
9、 bycutting from opencell (sponge rubber) sheets usually havenatural skin on two faces and open cells at the cut edges.3.1.4 rubbera material that is capable of recovering fromlarge deformations quickly and forcibly.3.1.5 sponge rubbercellular rubber consisting of pre-dominantly open cells made from
10、a solid rubber compound.4. Classification4.1 ClassesCellular rubbers are divided into two classes,which are designated by the letters A and B added to thenumber prefix.4.1.1 Class ACellular rubbers made from natural rubber,reclaimed rubber, synthetic rubber, or rubber-like materials,alone or in comb
11、ination, where specific resistance to the actionof petroleumbase oils is not required.4.1.2 Class BCellular rubbers made from synthetic rubberor rubber-like materials, alone or in combination, havingspecific requirements for oil resistance.4.2 GradesEach class is divided into three differentgrades.
12、Each grade is based on a specific range of firmness asexpressed by a 25 % compression. Grades are designated bydigit, the softer grades being identified with the lower numbersand the harder grades being identified with the higher numbers.4.2.1 Grade 1A compression deflection range from 15 to50 kPa (
13、2 to 7 psi).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F03 on Gasketsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.60 on Specifications for GasketMaterials.Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition appr
14、oved in 1998 as F 190998.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 B
15、arr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2.2 Grade 2A compression deflection range from 50 to85 kPa (7 to 12 psi).4.2.3 Grade 3A compression deflection range from 85 to120 kPa (12 to 17 psi).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Sponge rubber gaskets are made by inc
16、orporating ablowing agent into the compound, such as sodium bicarbonate,that gives off a gas which expands the mass during thevulcanization process.5.2 Sponge rubber gaskets are manufactured to specifieddimensions. Unless otherwise specified, gasket sponge rubbershall have a natural skin on both the
17、 top and bottom surfaces.Fabric surface impressions are not objectionable.6. Physical Properties6.1 The various grades of cellular rubber shall conform tothe requirements as to physical properties in Table 1 and Table2.6.2 ColorUnless otherwise specified, the color of cellularrubber gaskets shall be
18、 tan or black.7. Tolerances on Dimensions7.1 Tolerances on dimensions of cellular rubber gasketsshall be as specified in Table 2.7.2 Measurements of Test SpecimensThickness and widthshall be measured using a dialtype gage3, having a maximumstem and circular foot mass of 25 g and a circular foot 31.8
19、 mm(1.250 in.) in diameter.8. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance8.1 Cellular rubber gaskets under this specification shall bemanufactured from natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or rubber-like materials, together with added compounding ingredients ofsuch nature and quality that the finished product c
20、omplies withthe specification requirements. In permitting choice in the useof materials by the producer, it is not intended to imply that thedifferent rubber materials are equivalent in respect to allphysical properties. Any special characteristics that may bedesired for specific applications other
21、than those prescribed inthis specification, shall be stated in the product specificationsas they may influence the choice of the type of rubber materialor other ingredients used. All materials and workmanship shallbe in accordance with good commercial practice, and theresulting cellular rubbers shal
22、l be free from defects affectingserviceability.9. Sampling9.1 When possible, the completed manufactured productshall be used for the tests specified. Representative samples ofthe lot being examined shall be selected at random as required.9.2 When the finished product does not lend itself to testingo
23、r to the taking of test specimens because of complicated shapeor other reasons, standard test slabs shall be prepared. Whendifferences due to the difficulty in obtaining suitable testspecimens from the finished part arise, manufacturer andpurchaser may agree on acceptable deviations. Agreement onacc
24、eptable deviations can be achieved by comparing results ofstandard test specimens with those obtained on actual parts.10. General Test Methods10.1 Except as otherwise specified in these test methods foropen-cell rubber, the following test methods shall be compliedwith as required and are hereby made
25、 a part of this specifica-tion.10.1.1 General Physical Test RequirementsPracticesD 3182 and D 3183.10.1.2 Compression Deflection TestSpecification D 1056and Section 12 of this specification.10.1.3 Oil ImmersionTest Method D 471 and Section 13of this specification.10.1.4 Heat Aging TestTest Method D
26、573, with modifi-cations as described in Section 14 of this specification.3A gage similar to Federal Products Co. No. 57 B-1Y7692 is satisfactory for thispurpose.TABLE 1 Physical Requirements of OpenCell Sponge RubberPail and Drum GasketsRequirementsClass/GradeNumberCompressionat 25 %Deflection(Limi
27、ts), kPa(psi)OilImmersion22hat70C(158F),Change inVolume inASTM OilIRM 903(Limits), %Heat Aged 7Days at70C(158F),Change inOriginalCompressionValues(Limits), %CompressionSet, 22 hat 70C(158F) 50 %Deflection,Max %Class A, Non-Oil ResistantA1 1550 (27) 620 15A2 5085 (712) 620 15A3 85120 (1217) 620 15Cla
28、ss B, Oil-Resistant, Medium SwellB1 1550 (27) +10 to +60 620 50B2 5085 (712) +10 to +60 620 50B3 85120 (1217) +10 to +60 620 50TABLE 2 Tolerances on Dimensions for OpenCell SpongeRubber Pail or Drum GasketsThicknessmm (in.) Tolerance 6 mm (in.)4.8 (0.188) 1.5 (0.062)6.4 (0.250) 1.5 (0.062)7.9 (0.313
29、) 1.5 (0.062)9.5 (0.375) 1.5 (0.062)11.1 (0.438) 1.5 (0.062)12.7 (0.500) 1.5 (0.062)Widthmm (in.) Tolerance 6 mm (in.)4.8 (0.188) 1.5 (0.062)6.4 (0.250) 1.5 (0.062)7.9 (0.313) 1.5 (0.062)9.5 (0.375) 1.5 (0.062)11.1 (0.438) 1.5 (0.062)12.7 (0.500) 1.5 (0.062)LengthDimension mm (in.)As RequiredCircula
30、r opencell sponge rubber pail and drum gaskets aremanufactured to fit specified pail or drum flanges by cutting to the specifiedlength and sealing the cut ends together.F 1909 98 (2004)210.1.5 Compression SetTest Methods D 395 as describedin Section 15 of this specification.10.2 In case of conflict
31、between provisions of the above testmethods and the procedures herein specifically described foropen-cell rubber, the latter shall take precedence.11. Test Specimens and Slabs11.1 Test SpecimensStandard test specimens shall becircular with a diameter of 28.68 6 0.57 mm (1.131 6 0.02in.). The specime
32、ns may be cut with a revolving die,4using asoap solution as a lubricant. If a lubricant is used, thespecimens shall be thoroughly dried before proceeding with thetesting. In some cases, it may be necessary to freeze the cellularrubber to obtain parallel cut edges. Samples shall not be die cutbecause
33、 this process distorts the sample, which will affect thefinal properties. When cut from standard test slabs, samplesshall be cut from the center area as shown in Fig. 1. Thethickness shall be measured as described in 11.3.2.11.2 Test SlabsStandard test slabs of all types of cellularrubber shall be p
34、ieces that are 150 6 5 mm (nominally 6 in.)square and 12.5 6 0.5 mm (nominally 0.5 in.) thick, that aremade from the same compound, and that have the sameapparent density and state of cure as the product they represent.In all cases the natural surface skin shall be left intact on bothtop and bottom
35、faces of the test slab.11.2.1 When specially prepared standard test slabs of open-cell sponge rubber are required, they shall be made using theframe shown in Fig. 2 together with top and bottom plates thatare each approximately 12.7 mm (0.50 in.) thick. The frameand plates shall be made of aluminum
36、or steel. The stock shallbe in sheet form cut into squares slightly smaller than the framecavities. To fill the molding cavities, the thickness of the squaresheets shall give the required apparent density when thematerial is expanded during cure. They shall then be placed inthe frame, and fabric she
37、eting shall be applied on the top andbottom between the frame and the plates to allow venting ofgases produced during the cure. This fabric shall be a com-mercial sheeting with a mass of approximately 135 g/m2(4oz/yd2), having approximately 2.75 ends/mm (70 ends/in.) and2.36 picks/mm (60 picks/in.).
38、 The specimens shall be vulca-nized in a platen press under conditions of time and tempera-ture chosen to produce the same state of cure in the standardslabs as in the finished products they represent.11.3 Measurements of Test Specimens:11.3.1 The width shall be measured to 0.5 mm (0.020 in.).Care s
39、hall be taken not to distort the cellular rubber.11.3.2 Thicknesses up to and including 12.7 mm (0.500 in.)shall be measured using a dial-type gage3having a maximumstem and foot mass of 25 g and a foot 31.8 mm (1.250 in.) indiameter. The gage shall be graduated to 0.02 mm (0.001 in.).11.3.3 Results
40、shall be reported as the average of threemeasurements. If the results vary between the specimens bymore than 10 %, two additional specimens should be taken intothe average.4A satisfactory die and its method of application are described in Section 4 onSignificance and Use in Test Methods D 575.FIG. 1
41、 Location From Which Standard Test Specimens Are to beCut When Testing Standard Test Slabs or Commercial FlatSheetsFIG. 2 Four-Cavity Frame for Standard Test Slabs of CellularRubbersF 1909 98 (2004)312. Compression-Deflection Test12.1 This test consists of measuring the force necessary toproduce a 2
42、5 % deflection on a test specimen.12.1.1 ApparatusAny compression machine that meetsthe following requirements will be satisfactory. The machineshall be capable of compressing the specimen at a rate of 12.5to 50.8 mm/min (0.5 to 2 in./min) gently without impact. Themachine may be motor- or hand-driv
43、en. It shall be equippedwith a gage to measure the deflection caused by the increase inload. The rate of compression of the specimen is specifiedrather than the rate of the compressing platform of themachine. This consideration is important when scales are usedbecause open-cell sponges of various co
44、mpression-deflectioncharacteristics will require different times to compress 25 %due to the travel of the scale platform under varying loads.12.2 The deflection shall be read on a dial gage graduated in0.02 mm (0.001 in.) increments. No gage is necessary if themachine automatically compresses the sp
45、ecimen 25 %.12.3 Test SpecimensStandard test specimens can be usedfor this test. Test specimen size may vary provided the indenterfoot of the apparatus used is larger than the sample. Testspecimens may be cylindrical or square. They shall be cut sothat opposite edges are parallel, either from the fi
46、nishedproduct in a manner agreed upon by the parties concerned or,as shown in Fig. 1, from the standard test slab. The thicknessesof the test specimens may vary, but they shall be measured andstated in the report.12.4 ProcedureCompress the standard test specimen be-tween the parallel metal plates of
47、 the machine until thethickness has been reduced 25 %, then take the reading of theload immediately. Repeat the test with the same specimen untilthe load readings do not change more than 5 %.12.5 ReportThe unit load required for the last reading,expressed in kilopascals (or pounds) per square inch,
48、shall bereported as the result of the compression-deflection test.12.6 RequirementsSee Table 1 for requirements.13. Oil-Immersion Test13.1 Test SpecimensStandard test specimens approxi-mately 12.5 mm (0.500 in.) thick shall be used for this test. Thediameter and thickness shall be measured before an
49、d afterimmersion in ASTM IRM 903 oil for 22 h at 70C (158F) andthe percent change in volume calculated. Three specimensshall be run on each test, and the average of the three valuesshall be reported.13.2 ProcedureFollow the procedure of Test MethodD 471, using ASTM IRM 903 oil.13.3 RequirementsSee Table 1 for requirements.14. Oven Aging Test14.1 The air-oven aging test as described in Test MethodD 573 shall be used, except that sample size shall be appro-priate for compression-deflection testing. Deteriorat
