1、Designation: F 1914 07Standard Test Methods forShort-Term Indentation and Residual Indentation ofResilient Floor Covering1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1914; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures to determine short-term indentation and residual indentation of resilie
3、nt flooring,when subjected to concentrated loads.1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:SectionIndentation by McBurney2Test 4 to 10Indentation and Residual Indentation 11 to 151.3 There are two procedures with their respective appara-tus. The first (McBurney Test) is described in Section
4、s 4 to 10and is restricted to a spherical foot. It is only used for initialindentation measurements of VCT. The second is described inSections 11 to 15 and has interchangeable feet with variablegeometry. It is used to measure initial and residual indentation.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units
5、 are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are providedfor information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and hea
6、lth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE 2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-eters with Low-Hazar
7、d Precision LiquidsF 141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor CoveringsF 1066 Specification for Vinyl Composition Floor TileF 1303 Specification for Sheet Vinyl Floor Covering withBackingF 1700 Specification for Solid Vinyl Floor TileF 1913 Specification for Vinyl Sheet Floor Covering With-out Ba
8、cking3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology F 141.INITIAL INDENTATION MEASUREMENTS OF VCT(MCBURNEY TEST)24. Significance and Use4.1 This test method measures short-term indentation ofresilient flooring and is useful as a predictor of perfo
9、rmance inactual installations over time.4.2 The slope, m, of a log-log plot indentation (I) versustime (T), is related to the indentation of tile in service. The115F (46C) indentation is a measure of the tendency of thetile to indent at temperatures above 77F (25C).5. Apparatus5.1 Apparatus2The inde
10、ntation tester is a spherical footdevice consisting essentially of a rigidly mounted indentoracting under an initial load of 2.00 6 0.02 lbf (8.90 6 0.09 N)and a total deadweight load of 30.00 lbf 6 0.25 lbf (133.45 61.11 N) with a suitable dial indicator, calibrated in 0.0005 in.(0.01 mm) increment
11、s. The spherical foot shall be 0.250 60.0005 in. (6.35 6 0.01 mm) in diameter. A suitable apparatusis shown in Fig. 1.5.2 Flat Glass Plate, of 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) minimumthickness for supporting the specimen and tester during test.5.3 Timing Device that will indicate the time in seconds.5.4 Thermomet
12、er, calibrated as in Specification E 2251.5.5 Circular Plexiglas Template, 3.50 in. (88.9 mm) indiameter, 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) thick and having a 0.3125 in.(7.94 mm) diameter hole drilled in the center and a 0.75 in.(19.05 mm) diameter concentric circle etched on the face.1This test method is under th
13、e jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.30 on TestMethods - Performance.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F 191406.2The sole
14、 source of supply of the McBurney Indentation Tester known to thecommittee at this time is Frazier Precision Co, Gaithersburg, MD. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetin
15、g of theresponsible technical committee1, which you may attend.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websit
16、e.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.6 Water Baths, or air atmosphere maintained at 77 60.9F (25 6 0.5C) or 115 6 1F (46 6 0.5C).6. Test Specimens6.1 The test specimen shall be a full tile, usually 12 by 12 in.(approxi
17、mately 305 by 305 mm) or 9 by 9 in. (approximately230 by 230 mm). Larger tiles shall be cut to one of the abovesizes.7. Conditioning7.1 For testing in air, condition the specimen(s) for1hatthetest temperature.7.2 For testing in water, condition the specimen(s) at the testtemperature for 15 min minim
18、um and 30 min maximum (seeTable 1).7.3 Condition the indentation tester and glass plate in thesame medium and for at least the same time period as thespecimen(s).8. Procedures8.1 Nonembossed Surfaces:8.1.1 Place the specimen on the glass plate with the wearingsurface up.8.1.2 Place the indentor on t
19、he specimen. Be sure theindentor tip is retracted into the base when the instrument isplaced on the specimen and when being moved to another testlocation.8.1.3 Apply the initial 2-lbf (8.9-N) load (shaft assembly) tothe specimen surface.8.1.3.1 Position the 28-lbf (124.5-N) load on the specimenby ho
20、lding down with the thumb the 2-lbf (8.9-N) shaft crossbar to proper load.8.1.3.2 Gently lower the load to force the shaft cross barupward until there is no clearance between the shaft and theupper wear plate. This will ensure proper 2-lbf (8.9-N) loadingand positioning of the 28-lbf (124.5-N) load.
21、8.1.4 Set the dial gage at zero.8.1.5 Release the 28-lbf (124.5-N) load and start the timingdevice. (Steps 8.1.3-8.1.5 should not exceed a total of 5 s.)Load release should be smooth and as mechanical as possible.Turn the collar at least one-half turn beyond release to allowsufficient travel for ind
22、entation. Do not hold the collar handleafter the load is released as this may tilt the instrument fromvertical.8.1.6 Record the depth of indentation at 1 min 6 1 s and 10min 6 1 s to the nearest 0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm) for 77F(25C) testing and at 30 6 1 s for 114.8F (46C) testing.8.1.7 Perform three
23、of the required tests at randomly se-lected locations on the specimens. Record the three individualreadings and the average for each time period.8.2 Embossed Surfaces:8.2.1 Prior to conditioning use the template described in 5.5to locate areas on the specimen where a flat surface lies withinthe 0.75
24、 in. (19.05 mm) diameter circle etched in the template.Mark the area for placement of the indentor by tracing aroundthe template with a pencil. Follow the procedure detailed in8.1-8.1.7 after placing the indentor with its base inside thecircle.FIG. 1 Apparatus for Measuring Indentation: McBurneyF191
25、4072NOTE 1If the embossed surface of the tile is such that a 0.75 in.diameter smooth area cannot be located in the same or parallel plane thatthe indentor base will rest on, or the surface is competely nonuniform suchas a textured surface, or both, the test shall not be made.9. Report9.1 Report the
26、tile indentation as the average value(s) of thethree tests made at each temperature and time interval. Theseshall be designated as the 1-min, 10-min and 30-s indentationvalues. Include in the report the nominal gage of the tile; thatis, 1/16, 3/32, or 1/8 in. (approximately 1.6, 2.4, or 3.2 mm,respe
27、ctively).10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe precision statement is based on roundrobin testing performed at committee members laboratoriesusing this procedure to perform the tests.10.1.1 RepeatabilityThe estimated repeatability at the 95% confidence limit is as follows:For 1 and 10-min indentat
28、ions 60.0005 in.For 30 s indentation 60.001 in.For slope m of the log l/log T 60.008 mils/decade min10.1.2 ReproducibilityBased on a limited study, the esti-mated reproducibility is as follows:For 1 and 10-min indentations 60.001 in.For 30 s indentation 60.002 in.For slope m of the log l/log T 60.02
29、 mils/decade min10.2 AccuracyNo justifiable statement on accuracy can bemade, since the true value of the property cannot be establishedby an accepted reference method.INDENTATION AND RESIDUAL INDENTATION11. Significance and Use11.1 The indentation and the residual indentation of resilientfloor cove
30、ring is important since the resistance and recoveryfrom indentation reflects on the ability of the resilient floorcovering to perform properly after installation.11.2 The indentation of a resilient floor covering shall bemeasured using a specified type of indentor, flat or spherical,under a specifie
31、d load and time.11.3 The residual indentation of a resilient floor coveringshall be measured after a specified recovery time.11.4 See Table 1 for detailed testing and conditioningrequirements by products (specification) type.12. Apparatus12.1 The apparatus4shall consist of a dead weight loadedindent
32、or with interchangeable feet of variante geometry. Thedevice shall be equipped with a dial gage indicator to measurethe depth of indentation and shall have a rigid metal plate forsupporting the specimen. The frame shall be capable of guidingthe weight assembly (Fig. 2).12.2 The indentor consists of
33、a plunger part and a foot part.The plunger part is made of a steel bar rigidly supportedvertically in such a manner that its lower end face is flat andparallel to the specimen support. The foot part of the indentoris either spherical or cylindrical with its axis perpendicular tothe specimen support.
34、 The face of the indentor foot thatcontacts the specimen is buffed smooth to a roughness of 16 to8 in. (0.4 to 0.2 m). For standard sizes, refer to Table 1. Theindentor may be either monolithic or have a detachable footpart to permit the use of varying foot sizes. The detachable footmust be attached
35、 tightly to the plunger before proceeding to the4The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis DEK-TRON Scientific Instruments, 244 East Third Street, Plainfield, NJ 07060.If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternation
36、al Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee1, which you may attend.TABLE 1 Sample Conditioning and Testing ProcedureSpecificationConditioningFoot Geometry and Diameter Total Load Indentation TimeRecovery Time forResidualIndenta
37、tionTemperature Time MediumF 1066 77 6 1F25 6 0.5C1530 min or 1 h water spherical 30 6 0.25 lb 1 min N/A0.25 6 0.0005 in. (13.6 6 0.115 kg)air (6.35 6 0.0127 mm)77 6 1F25 6 0.5C1530 min or 1 h water spherical 30 6 0.25 lb 10 min N/A0.25 6 0.0005 in. (13.6 6 0.115 kg)air (6.35 6 0.0127 mm)115 6 1F46
38、6 1C1530 min or 1 h water spherical 30 6 0.25 lb 30 s N/A0.256 0.0005 in. (13.6 6 0.115 kg)air (6.35 6 0.0127 mm)F 1303, Type I 75 6 4F23 6 2C6 h air spherical 50 6 0.5 lb 5 min 60 min0.75 6 0.0005 in. (22.7 6 0.225 kg)(19.05 6 0.0127 mm)F 1303, Type IIF 191375 6 4F23 6 2C6 h air flat 75 6 0.75 lb 1
39、5 min 60 min0.25 6 0.0005 in. (34.2 6 0.340 kg)(6.35 6 0.0127 mm)F 1700 75 6 4F23 6 2C6 h air flat 140 6 1lb 10min 60min0.178 6 0.0005 in. (63.5 6 0.454 kg)(4.521 6 0.0127 mm)F1914073tests. The upper end of the indentor is provided with aweight-releasing device for applying the load without impact t
40、othe indentor and for activating a dial indicator from which thedepth of penetration of the indentor can be read. The weight ofthe indentor shall be 1 6 0.01 lb (0.45 6 0.05 kg).12.3 The dial indicator attached to the plunger part of theindentor is equipped with a scale graduated to read the depth o
41、findentation to 0.001 in. (0.025 mm). This dial indicator is notneeded for residual indentation.12.4 The metal plate for supporting the specimen shall befixed rigidly in a horizontal position in the framework of theapparatus and shall have a smooth, flat surface.12.5 An appropriate clock that will i
42、ndicate the time inseconds.13. Procedure13.1 Test Specimen:13.1.1 Cut a specimen of floor covering at least 2 by 2 in.(50 by 50 mm) in size if rectangular, or 2 in. (50 mm) indiameter, if circular.13.1.2 Use a specimen the same thickness as the sampleunless otherwise specified in the detail products
43、 specification.13.2 Conditioning(see Table 1 for specific conditioningrequirements).13.2.1 There is a selection of sample conditioning. The useof air conditioning or of water immersion conditioning isdefined in the detail products specification. Immersion shallnot be used if water causes the product
44、 to swell.FIG. 2 Apparatus for Measuring Indentation and Residual IndentationF191407413.2.2 Condition and test the specimen in air maintained at73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidityunless otherwise specified.13.2.3 If conditioning in water, maintain the water tempera-ture at 77 6 0.9F
45、 (25 6 0.5C) or 115 6 1F (46 6 0.5C).Immerse the specimen for not less than 15 min or more than 30min before testing in either air or water.13.2.4 Do not condition or test linoleum, felt-backed, foamor rubber products in water. Do not condition or test anyproduct in water that will swell as a result
46、 of water immersion.13.3 Testing:13.3.1 Use a flat indentor foot 0.178 in. (4.52 mm) indiameter unless otherwise specified. Apply the total load to thespecimen detailed in Table 1.13.3.2 Apply the load for 30 6 2 s unless otherwisespecified in the detail products specification. For residualindentati
47、on measurements, allow the specimen to rest 60 6 1min between the removal of the load and the measurement ofthickness. Refer to Table 1 for detailed information regardingconditioning, indentor foot geometry, total load and applicationtime.13.3.3 Determine the initial thickness of the specimen at the
48、center using the dial micrometer. Record the value to thenearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) as T1.13.3.4 Place the specimen, with the wearing surface up, flaton the supporting plate of the apparatus. Gently lower thespecified indentor foot without impact until it contacts thesurface of the specimen where
49、the initial thickness measure-ment was made. Set the dial indicator scale to zero. Apply thespecified total load to the specimen using the weight release.Maintain the load for the required time. Read the indentationfrom the dial indicator after the required time has elapsed.Record the value to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) as T2,then remove the weight.13.3.5 Set the specimen aside for the required recovery timewhen measuring residual indentation. Measure the final thick-ness at the same point where the initial measurement is made.Reco
