1、Designation: F1914 07 (Reapproved 2011)F1914 17Standard Test Methods forShort-Term Indentation and Residual Indentation ofResilient Floor Covering1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1914; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures to determine short-term indentation and residual
3、 indentation of resilient flooring, whensubjected to concentrated loads.1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:SectionIndentation by McBurney2 Test 4 to 10Indentation and Residual Indentation 11 to 151.3 There are two procedures with their respective apparatus. The first (McBurney Test)
4、is described in Sections 4 to 10 andis restricted to a spherical foot. It is only used for initial indentation measurements of VCT. The second is described in Sections11 to 15 and has interchangeable feet with variable geometry. It is used to measure initial and residual indentation.1.4 The values s
5、tated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with i
6、ts use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recogn
7、ized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E691 Practice for Conduc
8、ting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision LiquidsF141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor CoveringsF1066 Specification for Vinyl Composition Floor TileF1303 Specification for Sheet
9、Vinyl Floor Covering with BackingF1700 Specification for Solid Vinyl Floor TileF1913 Specification for Vinyl Sheet Floor Covering Without Backing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology F141.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofAS
10、TM Committee F06 on Resilient Floor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.30 on Test Methods- Performance.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2017. Published November 2011January 2018. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20072011as F1914F1
11、91407(2011).07. DOI: 10.1520/F1914-07R11.10.1520/F1914-17.2 The sole source of supply of the McBurney Indentation Tester known to the committee at this time is Frazier Precision Co, Gaithersburg, MD. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Head
12、quarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee 1, which you may attend.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume infor
13、mation, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately de
14、pict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1
15、9428-2959. United States1INITIAL INDENTATION MEASUREMENTS OF VCT (MCBURNEY TEST)24. Significance and Use4.1 This test method measures short-term indentation of resilient flooring and is useful as a predictor of performance in actualinstallations over time.4.2 The slope, m, of a log-log plot indentat
16、ion (I) versus time (T), is related to the indentation of tile in service. The 115F(46C) indentation is a measure of the tendency of the tile to indent at temperatures above 77F (25C).5. Apparatus5.1 Apparatus2The indentation tester is a spherical foot device consisting essentially of a rigidly moun
17、ted indentor actingunder an initial load of 2.00 6 0.02 lbf (8.90 6 0.09 N) and a total deadweight load of 30.00 lbf 6 0.25 lbf (133.45 6 1.11 N)with a suitable dial indicator, calibrated in 0.0005 in. (0.01 mm) increments. The spherical foot shall be 0.250 6 0.0005 in. (6.356 0.01 mm) in diameter.
18、A suitable apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.5.2 Flat Glass Plate, of 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) minimum thickness for supporting the specimen and tester during test.5.3 Timing Device that will indicate the time in seconds.5.4 Thermometer, calibrated as in Specification E2251.5.5 Circular Plexiglas Template, 3.5
19、0 in. (88.9 mm) in diameter, 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) thick and having a 0.3125 in. (7.94 mm)diameter hole drilled in the center and a 0.75 in. (19.05 mm) diameter concentric circle etched on the face.5.6 Water Baths, or air atmosphere maintained at 77 6 0.9F (25 6 0.5C) or 115 6 1F (46 6 0.5C).6. Test Sp
20、ecimens6.1 The test specimen shall be a full tile, usually 12 by 12 in. (approximately 305 by 305 mm) or 9 by 9 in. (approximately 230by 230 mm). Larger tiles shall be cut to one of the above sizes.7. Conditioning7.1 For testing in air, condition the specimen(s) for 1 h at the test temperature.FIG.
21、1 Apparatus for Measuring Indentation: McBurneyF1914 1727.2 For testing in water, condition the specimen(s) at the test temperature for 15 min minimum and 30 min maximum (see Table1).7.3 Condition the indentation tester and glass plate in the same medium and for at least the same time period as the
22、specimen(s).8. Procedures8.1 Nonembossed Surfaces:8.1.1 Place the specimen on the glass plate with the wearing surface up.8.1.2 Place the indentor on the specimen. Be sure the indentor tip is retracted into the base when the instrument is placed onthe specimen and when being moved to another test lo
23、cation.8.1.3 Apply the initial 2-lbf (8.9-N) load (shaft assembly) to the specimen surface.8.1.3.1 Position the 28-lbf (124.5-N) load on the specimen by holding down with the thumb the 2-lbf (8.9-N) shaft cross barto proper load.8.1.3.2 Gently lower the load to force the shaft cross bar upward until
24、 there is no clearance between the shaft and the upper wearplate. This will ensure proper 2-lbf (8.9-N) loading and positioning of the 28-lbf (124.5-N) load.8.1.4 Set the dial gage at zero.TABLE 1 Sample Conditioning and Testing ProcedureSpecificationConditioning Foot Geometry and DiameterTotal Load
25、 Indentation TimeRecoveryTime forResidualIndentationTemperature Time MediumF106677 1F25 0.5C1530 minor 1 h water spherical 30 0.25 lb 1 min N/Aair (6.35 0.0127 mm)77 1F25 0.5C1530 min or 1 h water spherical 30 0.25 lb 10 min N/A0.25 0.0005 in. (13.6 0.115 kg)air (6.35 0.0127mm)115 1F46 1C1530 minor
26、1 h water spherical 30 0.25 lb 30 s N/A0.25 0.0005 in.air (6.35 0.0127mm)F1303, Type I 75 4F23 2C 6 h air spherical 50 0.5 lb 5 min 60 min0.75 0.0005 in. (22.7 0.225 kg)(19.05 0.0127mm)F1303, TypeIIF191375 4F23 2C 6 h air flat 75 0.75 lb 15 min 60 min0.25 0.0005 in. (34.2 0.340 kg)(6.35 0.0127mm)F17
27、00 75 4F23 2C 6 h air flat 140 1 lb 10 min 60 min0.178 0.0005 in. (63.5 0.454 kg)(4.521 0.0127mm)TABLE 1 Sample Conditioning and Testing ParametersProductSpecificationConditioning Indentor FootTotal Load Indentation TimeRecoveryTime forResidualIndentationTemperature Medium Time Geometry DiameterF106
28、6 77 1F25 0.5C water 1530 min spherical 0.25 0.0005 in.(6.35 0.0127 mm) 30 0.25 lb(13.6 0.115 kg) 1 min N/Aair 1 hF106677 1F25 0.5Cwater 1530 min spherical 0.25 0.0005 in.(6.35 0.0127 mm)30 0.25 lb(13.6 0.115 kg) 10 min N/Aair 1 h115 1F46 1Cwater 1530 min spherical 0.25 0.0005 in.(6.35 0.0127 mm)30
29、0.25 lb(13.6 0.115 kg) 30 s N/Aair1 hF1303, Type I 75 4F23 2C air 6 h spherical 0.75 0.0005 in.(19.05 0.0127 mm) 50 0.5 lb(22.7 0.225 kg) 5 min 60 minF1303, TypeIIF191375 4F23 2C air 6 h flat0.25 0.0005 in.(6.35 0.0127 mm)75 0.75 lb(34.2 0.340 kg) 15 min 60 minF1700 75 4F23 2C air 6 h flat 0.178 0.0
30、005 in.(4.521 0.0127 mm) 140 1 lb(63.5 0.454 kg) 10 min 60 minF1914 1738.1.5 Release the 28-lbf (124.5-N) load and start the timing device. (Steps 8.1.3 8.1.5 should not exceed a total of 5 s.) Loadrelease should be smooth and as mechanical as possible. Turn the collar at least one-half turn beyond
31、release to allow sufficienttravel for indentation. Do not hold the collar handle after the load is released as this may tilt the instrument from vertical.8.1.6 Record the depth of indentation at 1 min 6 1 s and 10 min 6 1 s to the nearest 0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm) for 77F (25C)testing and at 30 6 1 s f
32、or 114.8F (46C) testing.8.1.7 Perform three of the required tests at randomly selected locations on the specimens. Record the three individual readingsand the average for each time period.8.2 Embossed Surfaces:8.2.1 Prior to conditioning use the template described in 5.5 to locate areas on the speci
33、men where a flat surface lies within the0.75 in. (19.05 mm) diameter circle etched in the template. Mark the area for placement of the indentor by tracing around thetemplate with a pencil. Follow the procedure detailed in 8.1 8.1.7 after placing the indentor with its base inside the circle.NOTE 1If
34、the embossed surface of the tile is such that a 0.75 in. diameter smooth area cannot be located in the same or parallel plane that the indentorbase will rest on, or the surface is competely nonuniform such as a textured surface, or both, the test shall not be made.9. Report9.1 Report the tile indent
35、ation as the average value(s) of the three tests made at each temperature and time interval. These shallbe designated as the 1-min, 10-min and 30-s indentation values. Include in the report the nominal gage of the tile; that is, 1/16,3/32, or 1/8 in. (approximately 1.6, 2.4, or 3.2 mm, respectively)
36、.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe precision statement is based on round robin testing performed at committee members laboratories usingthis procedure to perform the tests.10.1.1 RepeatabilityThe estimated repeatability at the 95 % confidence limit is as follows:For 1 and 10-min indentations 0
37、.0005 in.For 30 s indentation 0.001 in.For slope m of the log l/log T 0.008 mils/decade min10.1.2 ReproducibilityBased on a limited study, the estimated reproducibility is as follows:For 1 and 10-min indentations 0.001 in.For 30 s indentation 0.002 in.For slope m of the log l/log T 0.02 mils/decade
38、min10.2 AccuracyNo justifiable statement on accuracy can be made, since the true value of the property cannot be establishedby an accepted reference method.INDENTATION AND RESIDUAL INDENTATION11. Significance and Use11.1 The indentation and the residual indentation of resilient floor covering is imp
39、ortant since the resistance and recovery fromindentation reflects on the ability of the resilient floor covering to perform properly after installation.11.2 The indentation of a resilient floor covering shall be measured using a specified type of indentor, flat or spherical, undera specified load an
40、d time.11.3 The residual indentation of a resilient floor covering shall be measured after a specified recovery time.11.4 See Table 1 for detailed testing and conditioning requirements by products (specification) type.12. Apparatus12.1 The apparatus4 shall consist of a dead weight loaded indentor wi
41、th interchangeable feet of variante geometry. The deviceshall be equipped with a dial gage indicator to measure the depth of indentation and shall have a rigid metal plate for supportingthe specimen. The frame shall be capable of guiding the weight assembly (Fig. 2).12.2 The indentor consists of a p
42、lunger part and a foot part. The plunger part is made of a steel bar rigidly supported verticallyin such a manner that its lower end face is flat and parallel to the specimen support. The foot part of the indentor is either sphericalor cylindrical with its axis perpendicular to the specimen support.
43、 The face of the indentor foot that contacts the specimen is buffedsmooth to a roughness of 16 to 8 in. (0.4 to 0.2 m). For standard sizes, refer to Table 1. The indentor may be either monolithicor have a detachable foot part to permit the use of varying foot sizes. The detachable foot must be attac
44、hed tightly to the plungerbefore proceeding to the tests. The upper end of the indentor is provided with a weight-releasing device for applying the load4 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is DEK-TRON Scientific Instruments, 244 East Third Street, Plainfie
45、ld, NJ 07060. Ifyou are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee 1, which you may attend.F1914 174without impact to the indentor and for acti
46、vating a dial indicator from which the depth of penetration of the indentor can be read.The weight of the indentor shall be 1 6 0.01 lb (0.45 6 0.05 kg).12.3 The dial indicator attached to the plunger part of the indentor is equipped with a scale graduated to read the depth ofindentation to 0.001 in
47、. (0.025 mm). This dial indicator is not needed for residual indentation.12.4 The metal plate for supporting the specimen shall be fixed rigidly in a horizontal position in the framework of the apparatusand shall have a smooth, flat surface.12.5 An appropriate clock that will indicate the time in se
48、conds.13. Procedure13.1 Test Specimen:13.1.1 Cut a specimen of floor covering at least 2 by 2 in. (50 by 50 mm) in size if rectangular, or 2 in. (50 mm) in diameter,if circular.13.1.2 Use a specimen the same thickness as the sample unless otherwise specified in the detail products specification.13.2
49、 Conditioning(see Table 1 for specific conditioning requirements).FIG. 2 Apparatus for Measuring Indentation and Residual IndentationF1914 17513.2.1 There is a selection of sample conditioning. The use of air conditioning or of water immersion conditioning is definedin the detail products specification. Immersion shall not be used if water causes the product to swell.13.2.2 Co
