1、Designation: F 1920 07An American National StandardStandard Test Method forPerformance of Rack Conveyor, Commercial DishwashingMachines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1920; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method evaluates the energy and water con-sumption of rack conveyor, commercial di
3、shwashing ma-chines, hereafter referred to as dishwashers. Dishwashers mayhave remote or self-contained booster heater. This proceduredoes not address cleaning or sanitizing performance.1.2 This test method is applicable to both hot water sanitiz-ing and chemical sanitizing rack conveyor machines, w
4、hichinclude both single tank and multiple tank machines. Dish-washer tank heaters are evaluated separately from the boosterheater.1.3 The following procedures are included in this testmethod:1.3.1 Procedures to Confirm Dishwasher is OperatingProperly Prior to Performance Testing:1.3.1.1 Maximum ener
5、gy input rate of the tank heaters(10.2).1.3.1.2 Maximum energy input rate of the booster heater, ifapplicable (10.3).1.3.1.3 Final sanitizing rinse water consumption calibration(10.4).1.3.1.4 Booster temperature calibration, if applicable (10.5).1.3.1.5 Wash tank temperature calibration (10.6).1.3.1
6、.6 Wash tank pump and conveyor motor calibration(10.7).1.3.2 Energy Usage and Cycle Rate Performance Tests:1.3.2.1 Washing energy performance test (10.8).1.3.2.2 Tank heater idle energy rate (10.9).1.3.2.3 Booster idle energy rate, if provided (10.10).1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to
7、 be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of
8、the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3588 Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibil-ity Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuel
9、sF 858 Specification for Hot Water Sanitizing CommercialDishwashing Machines, Single Tank, Conveyor Rack TypeF 861 Specification for Commercial Dishwashing Racks2.2 NSF Standards:NSF/ANSI 3 Commercial Warewashing Equipment3NSF/ANSI 170 Glossary of Foodservice Terms32.3 ASHRAE Standard:ASHRAE Guideli
10、ne 21986 (RA90) Engineering Analysisof Experimental Data43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 booster heater, nwater heater for taking supply hotwater (typically 140F) up to 180F+ for sanitizing rinse; thebooster heater may be separate from dishwasher or integral.3.
11、1.2 cycle rate, nmaximum production rate of a dish-washer when washing dishloads in accordance with the CycleRate Performance test.3.1.3 dishload, npeg-type, polypropylene dishrack of aspecified weight, loaded with fifteen 9-in. plates of a specifiedweight, used to put a thermal load on the dishwash
12、er during thewashing energy test.3.1.4 dishwasher, nfor this test method, a machine thatuniformly washes, rinses, and sanitizes eating and drinkingutensils.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F26 on FoodService Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F26.
13、06 onProductivity and Energy Protocol.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 1920 98 (2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servic
14、eastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., AnnArbor, MI 48113-0140, http:/www.nsf.org.4Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigeratin
15、g, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA30329, http:/www.ashrae.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe machine shall be capable of re-moving physical soi
16、l from properly racked and prescrapeditems, and sanitizing multiple-use eating and drinking utensils.3.1.5 empty dish rack, ndish rack without any dishwareplaced in the dish rack.3.1.5.1 DiscussionTwo empty dish racks are run throughthe dishwasher prior to washing the first dishload to conditionthe
17、dishwasher for testing as specified in the Washing EnergyTest (see 10.8).3.1.6 rated temperature, ndishwashers rated nameplateminimum operating tank temperature as determined by NSF/ANSI 3.3.1.7 recovery time, ntime from the end of washing adishload to until the wash tank heaters have cycled off.3.1
18、.7.1 DiscussionAll tank heaters must cycle off at leastonce for a multiple tank machine.3.1.8 tank heater idle rate, nrate of energy consumed bythe dishwasher while “holding” or maintaining the wash tankwater at the thermostat(s) set point during the time periodspecified.3.1.9 uncertainty, nmeasure
19、of systematic and precisionerrors in specified instrumentation or measure of repeatabilityof a reported test result.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The maximum energy input rate of the tank heater andthe booster heater, if applicable, is measured to confirm that thedishwasher is operating at the manufa
20、cturers rated input. If themeasured input rate is not within 5 % of the rated input, allfurther testing ceases, and the manufacturer shall be contacted.The manufacturer may make appropriate changes or adjust-ments to the dishwasher.NOTE 1It is the intent of the testing procedure herein to evaluate t
21、heperformance of a dishwasher at its rated gas pressure or electric voltage.If an electrical unit is rated dual voltage, that is, designed to operate ateither 208 or 240 V with no change in component, the voltage selected bythe manufacturer or the tester, or both, shall be reported. If a dishwasheri
22、s designed to operate at two voltages without a change in the resistanceof the heating elements, the performance of the unit, for example, cyclerate, may differ at the two voltages. Therefore the tests must be performedat both voltages and the results reported accordingly.4.2 Wash tank and booster t
23、emperatures are retained at themanufacturers factory settings.4.3 Water consumption is adjusted in accordance withmanufacturers rated water consumption per NSF/ANSI 3. Thepressure regulator valve is adjusted to 20 6 1 psi and the waterconsumption measured. If this is not within 60.15 GPM of theNSF r
24、ating or the manufacturers rating if not listed to NSFstandards, then the manufacturer shall be contacted.4.4 The tank heater energy rate is determine at idle, that is,when the tank temperature is being maintained, but no washingis taking place.4.5 Booster heater idle energy rate is determined.4.6 D
25、ishwasher and booster energy consumption per rack ofdishes is determined by washing ten racks loaded with aspecified quantity of dishes.4.7 Water consumption (gal/h (L/h) is monitored duringtesting to determine the rate of water usage.5. Significance and Use5.1 The maximum energy input rate test is
26、used to confirmthat the dishwasher is operating at the manufacturers ratedinput prior to further testing. This test method also will indicateany problems with the electric power supply, gas servicepressure, or steam supply flow or pressure.5.2 Tank and booster temperatures, as well as water con-sump
27、tion, are adjusted to NSF specifications to insure that thetest is applied to a properly functioning dishwasher.5.3 Because much of a dishwashers operating period isspent in the idle condition, tank heater and booster idle energyconsumption rate(s) are important parts of predicting dish-washers ener
28、gy consumption.5.4 The washing energy test determines energy usage perrack. This is useful both as a measure for comparing the energyperformance of one dishwasher to another and as a predictor ofthe dishwashers energy consumption.5.5 Water-consumption characterization is useful for esti-mating water
29、 and sewage costs associated with dishwashingmachine operation.6. Apparatus6.1 1 or 2 Wh Meters, for measuring the electrical energyconsumption of the tank heaters, pump motor, and boosterheater, if applicable, shall have a resolution of at least 10 Whand a maximum uncertainty no greater than 1.5 %
30、of themeasured value for any demand greater than 100 W. For anydemand less than 100 W, the meter shall have a resolution of atleast 10 Wh and a maximum uncertainty no greater than 10 %.6.2 1 or 2 Gas Meters, for measuring the gas consumptionof tank heater, or booster heater, if applicable, or both,
31、shallhave a resolution of at least 0.01 ft3(0.0003 m3), and amaximum uncertainty no greater than 1 % of the measuredvalue for any demand greater than 2.2 ft3/h (0.06 m3/h). If themeter is used for measuring the gas consumed by pilot lights,it shall have a resolution of a least 0.01 ft3(0.0003 m3) an
32、dhave a maximum uncertainty of at least 0.01 ft3(0.0003 m3)and have a maximum uncertainty no greater than 2 % of themeasured value.6.3 1 or 2 Steam Flow Meters, for measuring the flow ofsteam to tank heaters and or booster heater, if applicable, shallhave a resolution of 0.01 ft3(0.0003 m3), and a m
33、aximumuncertainty of 1 % of the measured value.6.4 Pressure Gage, for measuring pressure of steam tosteam coils and steam injector, shall have a resolution of 0.5psig (3.4 kPa), and a maximum uncertainty of 1 % of themeasured value.6.5 Canopy Exhaust Hood or Vent Cowl Exhaust Ducts,measured in agree
34、ment with manufacturers requirements. Ventcowl exhaust ducts shall operate at a nominal 200 cfm (94.4L/s) on entrance side of dishwasher and 400 cfm (188.8 L/s) onexit side or in accordance with manufacturers recommenda-tion, if applicable. Canopy exhaust hood shall use a 3-ft by 6-ftconfiguration o
35、perating at the dishwashing machine manufac-turers specified ventilation rate. Report the ventilation rate andventilation exhaust type.6.6 Pressure Gage, for monitoring natural gas pressure,shall have a range of 0 to 10 in. H2O (zero to 2.5 kPa), aF1920072resolution of 0.1 in. H2O (125 Pa), and a ma
36、ximum uncertaintyof 1 % of the measured value.6.7 Temperature Sensor, for measuring natural gas tempera-ture in the range of 50 to 100F (10 to 40C), with a resolutionof 0.5F (0.3C) and an uncertainty of 61 F (0.5C).6.8 Barometer, for measuring absolute atmospheric pres-sure, to be used for adjustmen
37、t of measured natural gas volumeto standard conditions, shall have a resolution of 0.2 in. Hg(670 Pa), and an uncertainty of 0.2 in. Hg (670 Pa).6.9 Flow Meter, for measuring water consumption of thedishwasher. Shall have a resolution of 0.01 gal (40 mL), and anuncertainty of 0.01 gal (40 mL), at fl
38、ow rate as low as 0.2 gpm(13 mL/s).6.10 Stop Watch, with a 0.1-s resolution.6.11 Analytical Balance Scale, or equivalent, for measuringweight of dishes and dish racks used in the dishload energytest. It shall have a resolution of 0.01 lb (5 g) and anuncertainty of 0.01 lb (5 g).6.12 Calibrated Expos
39、ed Junction Thermocouple Probes,with a range from -20 to 400F (-30 to 200C), with aresolution of 0.2F (0.1C) and an uncertainty of 1.0F (0.5C),for measuring tank temperature, booster and dishwater inlettemperatures. Calibrated K-type 24-GA thermocouple wirewith stainless steel sheath and ceramic ins
40、ulation is therecommended choice for measuring the booster and dishwaterinlet temperatures. The thermocouple probe can be fed througha compression fitting so as to submerge exposed junction inbooster and dishwasher inlets.6.13 Dishracks, minimum of 12, Metro Mdl P2MO, 20-in.3 20-in., peg-type, comme
41、rcial or acceptable equivalent. Eachshall weigh 4.6 6 0.1 lb, and used in the Washing Energy Test(see 10.8).6.14 Plates, minimum of 150, 9-in., ceramic glazed plates,weighing an average of 1.3 6 0.05 lb each. If plates meetingthis criteria cannot be obtained, then it will be necessary toacquire sauc
42、ers, as specified in 6.15. See 9.11 prior to obtainingthese plates.NOTE 2Inter-Americant mdl #132 are within the specified weightrange and are inexpensive.6.15 Saucers, minimum of 30, glazed saucers, weighing lessthan 0.5 lb each. See 9.12 for an explanation of why these maybe required.6.16 Surface
43、Temperature Thermocouple Probe, for measur-ing dish plates and dishracks temperatures. Resolution anduncertainty shall be the same as in 6.12.7. Sampling7.1 DishwasherA representative production model shallbe selected for performance testing.8. Materials8.1 As specified in 6.13, the dishracks must b
44、e made ofpolypropylene. This material is required because the testmethod assumes a specific heat of 0.39 Btu/lb 3 F. Oneverification that a rack is polypropylene is if it has the recyclingsymbol No. 5 on it (and the letters “PP” below it).9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Install the dishwasher in acco
45、rdance with the dish-washer manufacturers instructions under a 3-ft by 6-ft canopyexhaust hood or connect to vent cowl exhaust ducts. Vent cowlexhaust ducts should operate at a nominal 200 cfm (94.4 L/s)on the entrance side of dishwasher and 400 cfm (188.8 L/s) onexit side or in accordance with manu
46、facturers recommenda-tions, if applicable. Record the ventilation rate used for thetesting. The associated heating or cooling system shall becapable of maintaining an ambient temperature of 75 6 5Fwithin the testing environment when the exhaust ventilationsystem is working and the appliance is being
47、 operated.9.2 Install the booster heater, if it is not integral to thedishwasher, in accordance with the manufacturers recommen-dations. The pipe from the booster outlet to the dishwasherinlet shall be minimized and shall be wrapped with12-in.insulation along its entire length.9.3 Connect the booste
48、r to a supply of water, which iswithin 63F of its input temperatures, not to exceed140 6 3F.9.4 Connect the dishwasher (including tank heater, motorsand controls) and booster to calibrated energy test meters. Thedishwasher and booster shall not be monitored as one energyload. Separate monitoring wil
49、l broaden the usefulness of thedata and enhance the accuracy of the results.9.5 For gas installations, install a pressure regulator (down-stream from the meter) to maintain a constant (manifold)pressure of gas supplied to the dishwasher and booster heater,if applicable, for all tests. Install instrumentation to record boththe pressure and temperature of the gas supplied to thedishwasher and the barometric pressure during each test so thatthe measured gas flow can be corrected to standard conditions.9.6 For electric tank heaters and bo
