1、Designation: F 1923 98 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forTires, Pneumatic, Low Speed, Off Highway1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis ASTM Standard has been developed to replace ASTM Provisional Standard PS 86-97. TheProvisional Standard was approved s
3、o that the U.S. military and other government agencies couldcontinue to purchase tested and qualified tires, until F 1923 had been approved. The provisionalstandard replaced the governments specification ZZ-T-1083, Federal Specification, Tires, Pneumatic,Low Speed, Off Highway, under the former Fede
4、ral Tire Program. That program was discontinued andis replaced by the U.S. Army Tank Automotive Commands Cooperative Tire Qualification Program(CTQP). While fulfilling the militarys commercial and tactical needs, the CTQPwill continue to servefederal, state, and local agencies that want to purchase
5、qualified tires using this test method.This test method is designed to be used in conjunction with the Administrators Approval andRequirements Manual for Tires, Pneumatic, Low Speed, Off Highway (CTQP F 1923) (1),2to qualifytires for purchase by the U.S. federal government, military, and other state
6、 and local entities.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers measurements for comparativetire strength and dimensional characteristics. This test methodcovers new and retreaded pneumatic tires, both tube andtubeless types, and flaps when applicable, for mounting onconstruction, earthmoving, mining and lo
7、gging equipment,graders, mobile cranes, and similar vehicles operated at lowspeeds off the road.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any
8、, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo
9、-plastic ElastomersTensionF 538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-formance of Tires3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bead, nof a tire, the part of a tire that comes incontact with the rim and is shaped to secure the tire to the rim.F 5383.1.2 groove, na void that is relatively na
10、rrow comparedto its length. F 5383.1.3 groove (void) depth, nmeasurement of the perpen-dicular distance from a real or calculated reference defined byedges of two adjacent ribs (lugs) to the lowest point of contactin the groove (void). F 5383.1.4 load index, na numerical code associated with themaxi
11、mum load a tire can carry at the speed indicated by itsspeed symbol under specified conditions.3.1.5 load symbol, na code associated with the maximumload a tire can carry at the speed indicated by its speed symbolunder specified conditions.3.1.6 nominal plunger energy,12 ML2/T2, nin tiretesting, one
12、 half of the product of a peak force (required torupture the tire structure in the tread area) and maximumplunger travel into a tire at the time of rupture. F 5383.1.7 outside diameter, nthe maximum diameter of a tirewhen it is mounted and inflated. F 5383.1.8 overall width, nthe maximum cross-secti
13、onal widthof a tire, including protective or decorative ribs. F 5381This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tiresand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.20 on Vehicular Testing.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originallyapproved
14、 in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as F 1923 98.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of A
15、STMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.9 ply, nin a tire, a layer of rubber-coated parallelcords. F 5383.1.10 ply rating, n
16、the term is used to identify a given tirewith its maximum recommended load when used in a specifictype of service, giving an index of tire strength, not necessarilyrepresenting the number of cord plies in the tire.3.1.11 rib, na continuous circumferential projection.F 5383.1.12 rim, nthe periphery o
17、f a wheel to which a tire or atube assembly may be affixed. F 5383.1.13 sidewall, nof a tire, that portion of a tire betweenthe tread and the bead. F 5383.1.14 tire, na load-bearing ground-contacting circumfer-ential attachment to a vehicle wheel. F 5383.1.15 tread, nof a tire, the part of a tire th
18、at comes incontact with the ground. F 5383.1.16 tread depth, L, nsynonym for groove (void)depth. F 5384. Significance and Use4.1 This test method establishes a standard procedure ofcomparative testing, for tire strength and dimensional charac-teristics, for use under the Administrators Cooperative A
19、p-proved Tire List (CATL) (2).5. Procedure5.1 Selection and Preparation of the Test Tires:5.1.1 Preparation of Tire for Outside Diameter, Tire Width,and Tread Depth Measurements and Tests: The tire shall bemounted on the design rim specified by The Tire and RimAssociation, Inc., Year Book (3), The E
20、uropean Tyre and RimTechnical Organization, Standards Manual (4), or the JapanAutomobile Tire Manufacturers Association, Inc., Year Book(5). It shall be inflated to the pressure corresponding to thereference load for its ply rating or symbol marking. Themeasurement is taken at the center of the crow
21、n. The tire shallstand in a controlled temperature environment of 1532C(6090F) for the 24-h period and the pressure adjusted within3 kPa (12 psi) of the pressure specified by the standardizingbody.5.1.2 Outside Diameter: The outside diameter shall bedetermined to the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) by me
22、asuring theoutside circumference of the inflated tire with a steel tape anddividing by 3.1416. The diameter may be determined by meansof a pi tape calibrated to directly show tire diameter.5.1.3 Overall Width: The overall width is the averagemaximum width of the inflated tire including the sidewalls
23、,side ribs, bars, decorations, letters, or numerals. The widthshall be measured to the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) at sixequally spaced, different points around the inflated tire and theresults shall be averaged.5.1.4 Tread Depth: The deepest point of the tread groove,measured at the manufacturers sp
24、ecified location to the nearest0.25 mm (0.01 in.) at six equally spaced points around theinflated tire and the results shall be averaged.5.2 Preparation of Tire for Plunger Energy Test: The tireshall be mounted on the design rim and inflated to the pressurespecified by the standardizing body for its
25、 ply rating or symbolmarking. The tire shall be allowed to stand in a controlledtemperature environment of 1532C (6090F) for the 24-hperiod adjusted within 3 kPa (12 psi) of the pressure specified.5.2.1 Plunger Energy Procedure: After the tire has beenmounted and measured, a cylindrical steel plunge
26、r with ahemispherical end shall be forced in the center of the treadportion in the full depth area of the inflated tire (psi), at the rateof 50.8 mm (2 in.) per min. Use a 31.6 mm (114 in.) diameterplunger for tubeless and tube type tires with up to andincluding 12-ply rating. Use a 38.1 mm (112 in.
27、) diameterplunger for tubeless and tube type tires with 14-ply rating andabove. Five measurements of force and penetration at breakshall be made at equally spaced points around the circumfer-ence of the tire. In the event the tire fails to break before theplunger is stopped by reaching the rim, the
28、force and penetra-tion shall be taken as this occurs. Tubes shall be allowed intubeless tires. The energy to break a tire shall be calculatedfrom the average energy values at break by means of thefollowing equation:W 5F P2(1)where:W = energy at break in lbf-in. or J,F = force at break in lbf or N, a
29、ndP = penetration at break in in. or m.6. Precision and Bias6.1 PrecisionData are not yet available for making astatement on the repeatability or reproducibility of the testmethod.6.2 BiasThere are not standards or reference values withwhich the results of this test method can be compared;therefore,
30、 bias cannot be evaluated.7. Keywords7.1 outside diameter; overall width; plunger energy; tirestrength; tread depthF 1923 98 (2005)2REFERENCESThe following documents form a part of this test method to the extent specified herein. Unless a specific issue is identified,the issue in effect on date of i
31、nvitation for bids or request for proposal shall apply.(1) “Administrators Approval and Requirements Manual for use withASTM F 1923 Standard, Test Method for Tires, Pneumatic, LowSpeed, Off Highway (CTQP F 1923),” U.S. Army Tank Automotiveand Armaments Command, AMSTA-JD, Warren, MI 48397-5000; orAdm
32、inistrator, Cooperative Tire Qualification Program, PO Box 296,Roseville, MI 48066-2096.(2) “Cooperative Approved Tire List (CATL),” U.S. Army Tank Automo-tive and Armaments Command, AMSTA-JD, Warren, MI 48397-5000;or Administrator, Cooperative Tire Qualification Program, PO Box296, Roseville, MI 48
33、066-2096.(3) “The Tire and Rim Association, Inc., Year Book,” The Tire and RimAssociation, Inc., Crown Pointe, Suite 150, 175 Montrose WestAvenue, Copley, OH 44321.(4) “The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organization, StandardsManual,” European Tyre and Rim Technical Organization, The Gen-eral Secr
34、etary, ETRTO, Avenue Brugmann 32, Boite 2, B-1060,Brussels, Belgium.(5) “JapanAutomobile Tire ManufacturersAssociation, Inc., Year Book,”Japan Automobile Tire Manufacturers Inc., 9th Floor, ToranomonBld., No. 1-12, 1-Chome Toranomon, Mina To-Ku, Tokyo, Japan 105.ASTM International takes no position
35、respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.Th
36、is standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Int
37、ernational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown
38、 below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 1923 98 (2005)3
