1、Designation: F 1949 99 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Specification forMedical Oxygen Delivery Systems for EMS GroundVehicles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1949; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONWithin the United States, there are several widely recognized national and international standardsorganizat
3、ions that have established standards and guidelines for oxygen delivery systems. Thesestandards and guidelines were largely developed for intra-facility use. This standard, developed byASTM Subcommittee F30.01, addresses the requirements for oxygen systems, both liquid andgaseous, for emergency medi
4、cal services (EMS) ground vehicles.1. Scope1.1 This standard covers minimum requirements for pri-mary medical oxygen delivery systems for EMS groundvehicles used in the following applications:1.1.1 The transportation of the sick and injured to or from anappropriate medical facility while basic, adva
5、nced, or special-ized life support services are being provided,1.1.2 The delivery of interhospital critical transport care,1.1.3 The delivery of nonemergency, medically required,transport services, and1.1.4 The transportation and delivery of personnel andsupplies essential for proper care of an emer
6、gent patient.1.2 This standard establishes criteria to be considered in theperformance, specification, purchase, and acceptance testing ofground vehicles for EMS use.1.3 This entire standard should be read before ordering anambulance in order to be knowledgeable of the types ofequipment that are ava
7、ilable and their performance require-ments. Due to the variety of ambulance equipment or features,some options may be incompatible with all chassis manufac-turers models. Detailed technical information is availablefrom the chassis manufacturers.1.4 The sections in this standard appear in the followi
8、ngsequence:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Significance and Use 4Design Requirements 5Performance Requirements 6Installation Requirements 7GOX System Design Requirements 8GOX System Installation Requirements 9GOX System Test Requirements 10LOX System Design Requirements 11LOX System
9、 Installation Requirements 12LOX System Test Requirements 13Keywords 142. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents, of the issue currently ineffect, form a part of this standard to the extent specifiedherein.2.2 ASTM Standards:2F 1177 Terminology Relating to Emergency Medical Ser-vices2.3 Mil
10、itary Standards:3MIL-STD-461 Requirements for the Control of Electro-magnetic Interference Emissions and SusceptibilityMS 33584 Standard Dimensions for Flared Tubing EndMS 33611 End Bend Radii2.4 Federal Specifications:3RR-C-901 Cylinders, Compressed Gas: High Pressure,Steel DOT3AA, and Aluminum App
11、lications, GeneralSpecification for2.5 ASME Standard:4B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 onEmergency Medical Services and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF30.01 on EMS Equipment.Current edition approved Fe
12、b. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 1949 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to
13、 the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Ave.,Building #4, Section D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York
14、, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.6 CGA Standards:5E-7 Standard for Medical Gas Regulators and FlowmetersV-1 Compressed Gas Cylinder Valve Outlet and Inlet Con-nectionsS-1.1 Pressur
15、e Relief Device Standards Part 1 - Cylindersfor Compressed Gases3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSpecific terms used throughout this speci-fication are defined in 3.2. Other applicable terms are containedin Terminology F 1177.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 design operating pres
16、sure, nthe nominal pressure atwhich the oxygen equipment or container is designed tooperate during normal use.3.2.2 LOX container, na vessel used to store or transportliquid oxygen.3.2.3 maximum allowable working pressure, nthe maxi-mum gage pressure to which the equipment or container can besubject
17、ed without exceeding the allowable design stress.3.2.4 maximum filling volume, nthe maximum fillingvolume of liquid at its maximum permissible level.3.2.5 pressure relief device, na device designed to open inorder to prevent a rise of internal fluid pressure in excess of aspecified value.3.3 Symbol:
18、g = the normal or standard constant of gravity at sea level;approximately 32.2 ft/s/s (9.81 m/s/s)3.4 Acronyms:Acronyms:3.4.1 GOX, ngaseous oxygen.3.4.2 LOX, nliquid oxygen.4. Significance and Use4.1 The intent of this standard is to establish minimumrequirements, test parameters, and other criteria
19、 essential foroxygen system design, performance, and appearance, and toprovide for a practical degree of standardization. The object isto provide oxygen systems that are properly constructed, andwhich, when properly serviced and maintained, will reliablyfunction on an EMS ground vehicle.5. Design Re
20、quirements5.1 The medical oxygen delivery system may be either agaseous oxygen (GOX) system, or a liquid oxygen (LOX)system.5.2 The oxygen delivery system shall be a piped oxygensystem designed and installed as follows:5.2.1 CapacityThe oxygen system shall be capable ofstoring and supplying a minimu
21、m of 3000 L of gaseousmedical oxygen.5.2.2 ComponentsAll oxygen delivery system compo-nents shall be approved by the manufacturer of the componentfor the intended service. The system shall include the follow-ing:5.2.2.1 Oxygen Piping System, designed and sized to deliverthe required flow rates at th
22、e utilization pressures. Piping andtubing shall be of non-ferrous or corrosion-resistant steelmaterial and shall comply with the design requirements ofASME B31.3. Hose shall be electrically conductive andapproved by the manufacturer for oxygen service at thepressure and temperatures the hose will be
23、 subjected to inservice. Fittings shall be of non-ferrous or corrosion-resistantsteel material and shall comply with the design requirements ofASME B31.3. Cast fittings shall not be used.5.2.2.2 Flow Control Device, of a pressure-compensatedtype that includes a means to display and monitor delivered
24、flow rate. It shall be continuously adjustable over a minimumrange of 0 to 15 L/min, with a calibrated display resolution ofat least 0.5 L/min. The flow control device shall be calibratedfor 50 psig inlet pressure and be able to withstand a minimuminlet pressure of 200 psig without damage or failure
25、. It shallincorporate an inlet filter and be electrically conductive frominlet to outlet. Flow control device accuracy shall be within610 % of the indicated flow, or 0.25 L, whichever is greater.5.2.2.3 Oxygen Outlet, piped to a self-sealing duplex oxy-gen outlet station. One of the outlets shall be
26、 for a flow controldevice or humidifier and the second oxygen outlet shall be forgas-specific, noninterchangeable, quick disconnect plug-in de-vices not requiring humidification. Outlets shall be marked andidentified in accordance with CGA E-7.5.2.2.4 Shutoff Valve, when specified, furnished in the
27、50-psig line and controlled and identified from the EMT panel. Ifa solenoid valve is utilized, a readily accessible, emergencybypass valve shall be furnished and identified.5.2.2.5 Secondary Oxygen Outlet, when specified, of theself sealing, duplex wall outlet type. Additional outlets mayalso be spe
28、cified. The outlets shall be marked and identified inaccordance with CGA E-7 (see 6.1).5.2.3 Oxygen CompartmentThe oxygen compartmentshall be provided with at least a 9-in.2cover device which willdissipate or vent leaking oxygen to the outside of the vehicle.The oxygen compartment shall not be utili
29、zed for the storage ofany other equipment. No wiring or components shall terminatein the oxygen compartment except for the oxygen controlsolenoid, compartment light, switch plunger or trigger device,or other equipment that is integral to the oxygen system.Wiring passing through the oxygen compartmen
30、t shall berouted in a metallic conduit.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Delivery FlowrateThe oxygen system shall be ca-pable of delivering a minimum continuous gas flow of 100L/min of gaseous oxygen, per patient, simultaneously, down tothe 10 percent tank content level.6.2 Delivery PressureThe oxygen
31、system shall provide adelivery pressure of 50 6 5 psig, at the specified flowrate ateach medical oxygen gas outlet.6.3 Delivery TemperatureThe temperature of the gaseousoxygen supplied from each medical oxygen gas outlet shall bewithin +10 or 20 F (+6 or 11 C) of ambient temperaturewhen the oxygen d
32、elivery system is subjected to the continuousflow described in 7.1.6.4 Temperature Conditions5Available from Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 4221 Walney Rd., 5thFloor, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923, http:/.F 1949 99 (2007)26.4.1 Storage TemperaturesThe oxygen system, whenserviced and maintained in acco
33、rdance with the manufacturersrecommendations, shall be capable of being stored withoutdamage or deterioration in ambient temperatures of 30 F(34 C) to 125 F (52 C).6.4.2 Cold SoakThe oxygen system shall operate at atemperature of 0 F (18 C) after being cold soaked for6hat30 F (34 C) followed bya1hco
34、ld soak at 0 F (18 C).6.4.3 Heat SoakThe oxygen system shall operate at atemperature of 110 F (43 C) after being heat soaked for 6 hat 125 F (52 C) followed bya1hheat soak at 100 F (43 C).6.5 Electromagnetic InterferenceElectrical or electroniccomponentry, or both, of the oxygen system shall meet th
35、eelectromagnetic interference emissions and susceptibility re-quirements of MIL-STD-461 for ground vehicles.6.6 Structural IntegrityEach oxygen system component,when mounted by its normal means of attachment and fittedwith the equipment item(s) that are normally attached to it,shall have the structu
36、ral integrity to withstand the vibration,acceleration, and shock environments described in 6.6.1-6.6.3.2. Pneumatic components may be non-operating but shallbe pressurized to their maximum allowable working pressurewhen subjected to these environments. Electrical componentsmay be non-operating but s
37、hall be “powered-up” when sub-jected to these environments. The vibration, acceleration, andshock environments shall produce no out-of-specification per-formance degradation or malfunctions except that allowed in6.6.3.2.6.6.1 VibrationThe component shall withstand sinusoidalvibration applied along e
38、ach of three mutually perpendicularaxes with the frequency range varying from 5 to 200 Hz withan amplitude of 1.0 in. from 5 to 5.5 Hz and an appliedacceleration of 1.5 g from 5.5 to 200 Hz. The duration ofapplied vibration shall be 5.5 h per axis (a total time of 16.5 h).The frequency of applied vi
39、bration shall be swept over thespecified range logarithmically with a sweep time of 12 min.The sweep time is that of an ascending plus a descendingsweep.6.6.2 AccelerationThe component shall withstand steadystate acceleration loads applied along three mutually perpen-dicular axes in two opposite dir
40、ections along each axis. Theduration of applied acceleration in each direction shall be atleast 1 min. The applied acceleration levels shall be 4 glaterally in all four directions, 9 g vertically downward, and 3g vertically upward.6.6.3 ShockThe component shall withstand the basicdesign and crash wo
41、rthiness shock loads defined in 6.6.3.1 and6.6.3.2 The applied shock pulse shall be of the amplitudespecified, a half sine wave configuration, and 11 ms duration.6.6.3.1 Basic Design Shock LoadThe component shallwithstand three shocks in each direction along three mutuallyperpendicular axes of the c
42、ontainer (a total of 18 shocks). Thepeak value of the shock loads shall be 20 g.6.6.3.2 Crash Worthiness Shock LoadThe componentshall withstand two shocks in each direction along threemutually perpendicular axes (a total of 12 shocks). The peakvalue of the shock loads shall be 60 g. The crash worthi
43、nessshock loads shall produce no failure of the mounting attach-ments. The component shall not break free from its mountingprovisions or otherwise create a hazard. Permanent bendingand distortion shall be permitted. The component need not befunctional following application of the crash worthiness sh
44、ockloads.7. Installation Requirements7.1 The installation of the oxygen system shall be inaccordance with the following requirements:7.1.1 Oxygen PipingOxygen piping shall be concealedand not exposed to the elements. The piping shall be accessiblefor inspection and replacement.7.1.1.1 Piping Routing
45、 and MountingIn routing the pip-ing, the general policy shall be to keep total length to aminimum. Allowances shall be made for expansion, contrac-tion, vibration, and component replacement.All piping shall bemounted to prevent vibration and chafing. This shall beaccomplished by the proper use of ru
46、bberized or cushion clipsinstalled at no greater than 20-in. intervals as close to the bendsas possible. The piping, where passing through or supported bythe vehicle structure, shall have adequate protection againstchafing by the use of flexible grommets. The piping shall notstrike against the vehic
47、le during vibration and shock encoun-tered during normal use of the vehicle.7.1.1.2 Flaring and BendingTubing shall be single flaredto conform with MS 33584. As an alternative, tubing may bewelded, brazed or swaged using methods and quality controlsthat produce leakproof joints, provided there is no
48、 unduedegradation of tubing strength, corrosion resistance, or fatiguelife. Tubing systems having these permanent type of jointsshall be designed for ease of fabrication, inspection, andinstallation in the vehicle. The system layout shall provide forrapid in-service repair and component replacement.
49、 Tubingbends shall be uniform, without kinks, and fit the span betweenfittings without tension. The minimum bend radius to tubecenter lines shall be in accordance with MS 33611.7.1.2 Flow Control DeviceFlow control devices shall beinstalled so that they are readable from the EMT seat and squadbench. Flowmeters shall be installed vertically.7.1.3 Oxygen Outlet StationsOxygen outlet stations shallbe provided with sufficient vertical space to permit connectionof a humidifier or nebulizer, or both, directly to the o
