1、Designation: F1949 99 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Specification forMedical Oxygen Delivery Systems for EMS GroundVehicles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1949; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONWithin the United States, there are several widely recognized national and international standardsorganization
3、s that have established standards and guidelines for oxygen delivery systems. Thesestandards and guidelines were largely developed for intra-facility use. This standard, developed byASTM Subcommittee F30.01, addresses the requirements for oxygen systems, both liquid andgaseous, for emergency medical
4、 services (EMS) ground vehicles.1. Scope1.1 This standard covers minimum requirements for pri-mary medical oxygen delivery systems for EMS groundvehicles used in the following applications:1.1.1 The transportation of the sick and injured to or from anappropriate medical facility while basic, advance
5、d, or special-ized life support services are being provided,1.1.2 The delivery of interhospital critical transport care,1.1.3 The delivery of nonemergency, medically required,transport services, and1.1.4 The transportation and delivery of personnel andsupplies essential for proper care of an emergen
6、t patient.1.2 This standard establishes criteria to be considered in theperformance, specification, purchase, and acceptance testing ofground vehicles for EMS use.1.3 This entire standard should be read before ordering anambulance in order to be knowledgeable of the types ofequipment that are availa
7、ble and their performance require-ments. Due to the variety of ambulance equipment or features,some options may be incompatible with all chassis manufac-turers models. Detailed technical information is availablefrom the chassis manufacturers.1.4 The sections in this standard appear in the followings
8、equence:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Significance and Use 4Design Requirements 5Performance Requirements 6Installation Requirements 7GOX System Design Requirements 8GOX System Installation Requirements 9GOX System Test Requirements 10LOX System Design Requirements 11LOX System In
9、stallation Requirements 12LOX System Test Requirements 13Keywords 142. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents, of the issue currently ineffect, form a part of this standard to the extent specifiedherein.2.2 ASTM Standards:2F1177 Terminology Relating to Emergency Medical Ser-vices2.3 Militar
10、y Standards:3MIL-STD-461 Requirements for the Control of Electromag-netic Interference Emissions and SusceptibilityMS 33584 Standard Dimensions for Flared Tubing EndMS 33611 End Bend Radii2.4 Federal Specifications:3RR-C-901 Cylinders, Compressed Gas: High Pressure, SteelDOT3AA, and Aluminum Applica
11、tions, General Specifi-cation for1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 onEmergency Medical Services and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF30.01 on EMS Equipment.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last pre
12、vious edition approved in 2007 as F1949 99 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/F1949-99R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe
13、 ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Ave.,Building #4, Section D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.5 ASME Standard:4B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petrol
14、eum Refinery Piping2.6 CGA Standards:5E-7 Standard for Medical Gas Regulators and FlowmetersV-1 Compressed Gas Cylinder Valve Outlet and Inlet Con-nectionsS-1.1 Pressure Relief Device Standards Part 1 - Cylinders forCompressed Gases3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSpecific terms used throughout this spe
15、ci-fication are defined in 3.2. Other applicable terms are containedin Terminology F1177.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 design operating pressure, nthe nominal pressure atwhich the oxygen equipment or container is designed tooperate during normal use.3.2.2 LOX container, na
16、 vessel used to store or transportliquid oxygen.3.2.3 maximum allowable working pressure, n the maxi-mum gage pressure to which the equipment or container can besubjected without exceeding the allowable design stress.3.2.4 maximum filling volume, nthe maximum filling vol-ume of liquid at its maximum
17、 permissible level.3.2.5 pressure relief device, na device designed to open inorder to prevent a rise of internal fluid pressure in excess of aspecified value.3.3 Symbol:g = the normal or standard constant of gravity at sea level;approximately 32.2 ft/s/s (9.81 m/s/s)3.4 Acronyms:3.4.1 GOX, ngaseous
18、 oxygen.3.4.2 LOX, nliquid oxygen.4. Significance and Use4.1 The intent of this standard is to establish minimumrequirements, test parameters, and other criteria essential foroxygen system design, performance, and appearance, and toprovide for a practical degree of standardization. The object isto p
19、rovide oxygen systems that are properly constructed, andwhich, when properly serviced and maintained, will reliablyfunction on an EMS ground vehicle.5. Design Requirements5.1 The medical oxygen delivery system may be either agaseous oxygen (GOX) system, or a liquid oxygen (LOX)system.5.2 The oxygen
20、delivery system shall be a piped oxygensystem designed and installed as follows:5.2.1 CapacityThe oxygen system shall be capable ofstoring and supplying a minimum of 3000 L of gaseousmedical oxygen.5.2.2 ComponentsAll oxygen delivery system compo-nents shall be approved by the manufacturer of the co
21、mponentfor the intended service. The system shall include the follow-ing:5.2.2.1 Oxygen Piping System, designed and sized to deliverthe required flow rates at the utilization pressures. Piping andtubing shall be of non-ferrous or corrosion-resistant steelmaterial and shall comply with the design req
22、uirements ofASME B31.3. Hose shall be electrically conductive andapproved by the manufacturer for oxygen service at thepressure and temperatures the hose will be subjected to inservice. Fittings shall be of non-ferrous or corrosion-resistantsteel material and shall comply with the design requirement
23、s ofASME B31.3. Cast fittings shall not be used.5.2.2.2 Flow Control Device, of a pressure-compensatedtype that includes a means to display and monitor deliveredflow rate. It shall be continuously adjustable over a minimumrange of 0 to 15 L/min, with a calibrated display resolution ofat least 0.5 L/
24、min. The flow control device shall be calibratedfor 50 psig inlet pressure and be able to withstand a minimuminlet pressure of 200 psig without damage or failure. It shallincorporate an inlet filter and be electrically conductive frominlet to outlet. Flow control device accuracy shall be within610 %
25、 of the indicated flow, or 0.25 L, whichever is greater.5.2.2.3 Oxygen Outlet, piped to a self-sealing duplex oxy-gen outlet station. One of the outlets shall be for a flow controldevice or humidifier and the second oxygen outlet shall be forgas-specific, noninterchangeable, quick disconnect plug-in
26、 de-vices not requiring humidification. Outlets shall be marked andidentified in accordance with CGA E-7.5.2.2.4 Shutoff Valve, when specified, furnished in the 50-psig line and controlled and identified from the EMT panel. Ifa solenoid valve is utilized, a readily accessible, emergencybypass valve
27、shall be furnished and identified.5.2.2.5 Secondary Oxygen Outlet, when specified, of theself sealing, duplex wall outlet type. Additional outlets mayalso be specified. The outlets shall be marked and identified inaccordance with CGA E-7 (see 6.1).5.2.3 Oxygen CompartmentThe oxygen compartmentshall
28、be provided with at least a 9-in.2cover device which willdissipate or vent leaking oxygen to the outside of the vehicle.The oxygen compartment shall not be utilized for the storage ofany other equipment. No wiring or components shall terminatein the oxygen compartment except for the oxygen controlso
29、lenoid, compartment light, switch plunger or trigger device,or other equipment that is integral to the oxygen system.Wiring passing through the oxygen compartment shall berouted in a metallic conduit.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Delivery FlowrateThe oxygen system shall be capableof delivering a mi
30、nimum continuous gas flow of 100 L/min ofgaseous oxygen, per patient, simultaneously, down to the 10percent tank content level.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from
31、 Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 4221 Walney Rd., 5thFloor, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923, http:/.F1949 99 (2013)26.2 Delivery PressureThe oxygen system shall provide adelivery pressure of 50 6 5 psig, at the specified flowrate ateach medical oxygen gas outlet.6.3 Delivery TemperatureThe temperature of
32、 the gaseousoxygen supplied from each medical oxygen gas outlet shall bewithin +10 or 20 F (+6 or 11 C) of ambient temperaturewhen the oxygen delivery system is subjected to the continuousflow described in 7.1.6.4 Temperature Conditions6.4.1 Storage TemperaturesThe oxygen system, whenserviced and ma
33、intained in accordance with the manufacturersrecommendations, shall be capable of being stored withoutdamage or deterioration in ambient temperatures of 30 F(34 C) to 125 F (52 C).6.4.2 Cold SoakThe oxygen system shall operate at atemperature of 0 F (18 C) after being cold soaked for6hat30 F (34 C)
34、followed bya1hcold soak at 0 F (18 C).6.4.3 Heat SoakThe oxygen system shall operate at atemperature of 110 F (43 C) after being heat soaked for 6 hat 125 F (52 C) followed bya1hheat soak at 100 F (43 C).6.5 Electromagnetic InterferenceElectrical or electroniccomponentry, or both, of the oxygen syst
35、em shall meet theelectromagnetic interference emissions and susceptibility re-quirements of MIL-STD-461 for ground vehicles.6.6 Structural IntegrityEach oxygen system component,when mounted by its normal means of attachment and fittedwith the equipment item(s) that are normally attached to it,shall
36、have the structural integrity to withstand the vibration,acceleration, and shock environments described in6.6.1-6.6.3.2. Pneumatic components may be non-operatingbut shall be pressurized to their maximum allowable workingpressure when subjected to these environments. Electricalcomponents may be non-
37、operating but shall be “powered-up”when subjected to these environments. The vibration,acceleration, and shock environments shall produce no out-of-specification performance degradation or malfunctions exceptthat allowed in 6.6.3.2.6.6.1 VibrationThe component shall withstand sinusoidalvibration app
38、lied along each of three mutually perpendicularaxes with the frequency range varying from 5 to 200 Hz withan amplitude of 1.0 in. from 5 to 5.5 Hz and an appliedacceleration of 1.5 g from 5.5 to 200 Hz. The duration ofapplied vibration shall be 5.5 h per axis (a total time of 16.5 h).The frequency o
39、f applied vibration shall be swept over thespecified range logarithmically with a sweep time of 12 min.The sweep time is that of an ascending plus a descendingsweep.6.6.2 AccelerationThe component shall withstand steadystate acceleration loads applied along three mutually perpen-dicular axes in two
40、opposite directions along each axis. Theduration of applied acceleration in each direction shall be atleast 1 min. The applied acceleration levels shall be 4 glaterally in all four directions, 9 g vertically downward, and 3g vertically upward.6.6.3 ShockThe component shall withstand the basic de-sig
41、n and crash worthiness shock loads defined in 6.6.3.1 and6.6.3.2 The applied shock pulse shall be of the amplitudespecified, a half sine wave configuration, and 11 ms duration.6.6.3.1 Basic Design Shock LoadThe component shallwithstand three shocks in each direction along three mutuallyperpendicular
42、 axes of the container (a total of 18 shocks). Thepeak value of the shock loads shall be 20 g.6.6.3.2 Crash Worthiness Shock LoadThe componentshall withstand two shocks in each direction along threemutually perpendicular axes (a total of 12 shocks). The peakvalue of the shock loads shall be 60 g. Th
43、e crash worthinessshock loads shall produce no failure of the mounting attach-ments. The component shall not break free from its mountingprovisions or otherwise create a hazard. Permanent bendingand distortion shall be permitted. The component need not befunctional following application of the crash
44、 worthiness shockloads.7. Installation Requirements7.1 The installation of the oxygen system shall be inaccordance with the following requirements:7.1.1 Oxygen PipingOxygen piping shall be concealedand not exposed to the elements. The piping shall be accessiblefor inspection and replacement.7.1.1.1
45、Piping Routing and MountingIn routing thepiping, the general policy shall be to keep total length to aminimum. Allowances shall be made for expansion,contraction, vibration, and component replacement. All pipingshall be mounted to prevent vibration and chafing. This shall beaccomplished by the prope
46、r use of rubberized or cushion clipsinstalled at no greater than 20-in. intervals as close to the bendsas possible. The piping, where passing through or supported bythe vehicle structure, shall have adequate protection againstchafing by the use of flexible grommets. The piping shall notstrike agains
47、t the vehicle during vibration and shock encoun-tered during normal use of the vehicle.7.1.1.2 Flaring and BendingTubing shall be single flaredto conform with MS 33584. As an alternative, tubing may bewelded, brazed or swaged using methods and quality controlsthat produce leakproof joints, provided
48、there is no unduedegradation of tubing strength, corrosion resistance, or fatiguelife. Tubing systems having these permanent type of jointsshall be designed for ease of fabrication, inspection, andinstallation in the vehicle. The system layout shall provide forrapid in-service repair and component r
49、eplacement. Tubingbends shall be uniform, without kinks, and fit the span betweenfittings without tension. The minimum bend radius to tubecenter lines shall be in accordance with MS 33611.7.1.2 Flow Control DeviceFlow control devices shall beinstalled so that they are readable from the EMT seat and squadbench. Flowmeters shall be installed vertically.7.1.3 Oxygen Outlet StationsOxygen outlet stations shallbe provided with sufficient vertical space to permit connectionof a humidifier or nebulizer, or both, direc
