1、Designation: F1972 051Standard Guide forTerminology Relating to Candles and Associated AccessoryItems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1972; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEAdded terms editorially in January 2013.1. Scope1.1 This guide defines standard terms used to describecandles and associated accessory
3、products.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are for informa-tion only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CF2417 Specification for Fire Safety for C
4、andles2.2 NFPA Standard:3NFPA 909 Code for the Protection of Cultural Resources3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 base material, nintended fuel source for candleflame.3.1.2 burn cycle, nlength of time the candle is burnedduring one test day. For this test, a burn
5、cycle is 4 h (seeSpecification F2417).3.1.3 burn period, ntotal time the candle is burned overthe duration of the test. For this test, the burn period will be 16h.3.1.4 burn time, ntime interval a test specimen supportssustained flaming combustion after removal of the ignitionsource until all flamin
6、g ceases.3.1.5 candle, none or more combustible wicks supportedby a material that constitutes a fuel which is solid, semi-solid,or quasi-rigid at room temperature, 68 to 80F (20 to 27C);it can also contain additives that are used for color, odor,stability, or to modify the burning characteristics; t
7、he combinedfunction of which is to sustain a light-producing flame.3.1.5.1 altar candle, ncandle that is constructed,packaged, and labeled as an altar candle.(1) DiscussionThe candle is used in a place of worship inclose proximity to the altar during the religious service orceremony.3.1.5.2 birthday
8、 candle, ncandle whose sole purpose is tobe used on a birthday cake.3.1.5.3 Easter, Paschal, sacramental candle, ncandle thatis constructed, packaged, and labeled as an Easter, Paschal, orsacramental candle (or some combination of these names, forexample, Easter/Paschal), generally 43.2 cm (17.0 in.
9、) or morein length.(1) DiscussionThe candle shall be displayed and burned inthe place of worship as the focal candle during Easter or withthe celebration of various sacraments. The candle is adornedwith symbols and ornamentation as required and deemedappropriate.3.1.5.4 filled candle, na candle prod
10、uced and used withinthe same vessel.3.1.5.5 freestanding candle, na rigid candle (for example,pillar-shaped, column-shaped, or figurine) that is intended to beburned only on a heatresistant, noncombustible surface or ona heat-resistant, noncombustible candle accessory.3.1.5.6 taper candle, na slende
11、r candle produced to beused with a candle accessory for support.3.1.5.7 tealight candle, na cylindrical filled candle pro-duced with a diameter and height of approximately 1.5 in. (38mm) and 0.75 in. (19 mm) respectively3.1.5.8 votive candle, na candle produced for use fullywithin a candle accessory
12、, specifically, a votive holder.3.1.6 candle accessory, nan object designed for use with acandle.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on ConsumerProducts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.45 on CandleProducts.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published
13、 September 2005. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F1972 99. DOI:10.1520/F1972-05E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refe
14、r to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.6.1 votive holder,
15、na small open vessel designed tohold a votive candle during use; the votive holder must becapable of containing the entire volume of the melted votivecandle.3.1.7 candle burner, ncandle holder that has an enclosed,but vented, area in which to put a candle, said candle providinga source of heat or li
16、ght or both.3.1.7.1 DiscussionDoes not include the item known as a“candle follower” also referred to by the term “candle burner”in the liturgical industry.3.1.8 candle flashover, ncondition where the base materi-als vapors ignite over the entire fuel pool.3.1.9 candle holder, ncandle accessory onto
17、which acandle is placed. It may support, hold or contain a candle whenin use.3.1.9.1 DiscussionFilled candles are not candle holders.3.1.10 candle ring, ncandle accessory intended to sur-round the candle with decorative materials in proximity to acandle, including, but not limited to, a continuous r
18、ing or loosefill material.3.1.11 consumption rate, nrate at which a candle isconsumed measured in grams of fuel consumed per hour.3.1.11.1 DiscussionConsumption rate is determined byweighing a candle prior to burning and then again at the end ofthe life or burn cycle of the candle. The weight consum
19、ed ingrams is then divided by the burn time in hours to arrive at aconsumption rate in grams per hour.3.1.12 end of useful life, nwhen the candle ceases tosupport combustion and the candle flame(s) goes(go) out on itsown, as designed, and cannot be re-lit.3.1.13 ensemble, na candle and items physica
20、lly packagedtogether and intended for use with the candle for sale as oneunit at the retail level.3.1.14 fire safety warning, nprecautionary information onthe label, consisting of the safety alert symbol, the signal word(if present), the fire safety warning statement(s) and pictograms(if present) re
21、quired by this standard to appear on the unit ofsale.3.1.15 fire safety warning statement(s), nspecific warningmessage(s) required by this standard.3.1.16 fuel pool, npool of molten base material.3.1.17 fuel pool establishment period, n time, 15 min orlonger, before each burn cycle that a candle mus
22、t be burned toestablish a normal fuel pool and stable flame.3.1.18 gel type candle, na candle where the primary fuelis a liquid, such as mineral oil, terpene type chemicals, ormodified hydrocarbons that are not mineral oil based, whichmay or may not contain organic functional groups; it alsocontains
23、 a chemical agent to increase the viscosity (thicken) toa point where the candle has a quasi-rigid property.3.1.19 ignition, ninitiation of combustion.3.1.19.1 DiscussionThe combustion is typically evi-denced by glow or flame. The combustion may be sustained ortransient.3.1.20 label, nthe term label
24、 is used to refer not only tostick-on-type labels, but to any other method of providing thewarning message, for example, melt imprinting, embossing,direct printing, etc.3.1.21 molten fuel pool, nportion of the wax or fuel poolof a candle that is in the liquid form when the candle isburning.3.1.22 no
25、ncombustible, adjnot capable of igniting andburning when subjected to a fire under specified conditions.3.1.22.1 DiscussionMaterials that are reported as passingTest Method E136 are considered noncombustible.3.1.23 optical densitometer, ninstrument used for deter-mining the optical density in the tr
26、ansmittance or reflectancemode.3.1.24 packaging, nexternal container, such as a box,case, bag or sleeve in which a candle(s) is sold. Packaging doesnot include the vessel of a filled candle.3.1.25 pictogram, ngraphic symbol intended to convey amessage without the use of words.3.1.26 place of worship
27、, nany building that functionsprimarily as a group meeting place for the practice of religion(see NFPA 909).3.1.26.1 DiscussionThis includes, but is not limited to,churches, synagogues, cathedrals, temples, and meeting halls.3.1.27 potpourri burner, ncandle burner designed to pro-vide a source of he
28、at to warm a reservoir of extraneousmaterial.3.1.28 product display space, nthe area of the panel seenby the retail customer on which the warning label is displayedwhen looking at the top, bottom, or sides of the unit of sale.3.1.29 safety alert symbol, ngraphic symbol consisting ofan exclamation po
29、int inside of an equilateral triangle with thepoint of the triangle oriented upward (see 2).3.1.30 secondary ignition, nself-sustained flame otherthan that on the intended wick(s) that occurs during candle use,including candle flashover.3.1.31 self-sustained flame, nflame that continues to burnuntil
30、 the fuel source is removed or depleted or requires manualextinguishing.3.1.32 signal word, nthe word WARNING as it appears inthe fire safety warning.3.1.33 sustained flaming, nexistence of flame on or overthe surface of the specimen for periods of4sormore.3.1.33.1 DiscussionSustained flaming starts
31、 at the begin-ning of the period when a flame is found on or over the surface.3.1.34 top of the candle, nthe upper most part of thecandle or container.3.1.35 unit of sale, nthe candle or candle and its containeror package as purchased by the consumer.3.1.36 visible emissions, nemissions that can be
32、seen oncecollected on a substrate.3.1.37 warning panel, nentire surface of the panel onwhich the fire safety warning appears on the unit of sale.F1972 05123.1.38 wax, na crystalline, plastic solid or semi-solidmaterial at 77F (25C), consisting of a mixture of hydrocar-bons or hydrocarbon derivatives
33、, or both, that typically attemperatures equal to or greater than 104F (40C), melts andbecomes a low viscosity liquid. Waxes may be of mineral(particularly petroleum), vegetable, animal (including insect),or synthetic origin.3.1.39 wax candle, na candle for which the primary fuel iswax.3.1.40 wick,
34、nan object that delivers fuel to a flamethrough the process of capillary action.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide is used to establish a set of definitions thatallows manufacturers, consumers, retailers, and the scientificcommunity to use a common language to define candles andassociated accesso
35、ry items.5. Keywords5.1 candle; flame; wickASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and
36、the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision
37、 of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shou
38、ldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F1972 0513
