1、Designation: F 2020 02aStandard Practice forDesign, Construction, and Procurement of EmergencyMedical Services Systems (EMSS) Ambulances1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2020; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers certified, tested, commercial type,EMSS ambulances built on chassis th
3、at are suitable for theintended application and meet the requirements herein. Theambulances are front or rear wheel driven (4x2) or four wheeldriven (4x4) and warranted as specified in Section 9.1.1.1 Definition of AmbulanceAn ambulance is a vehiclefor emergency medical care which provides: a driver
4、s com-partment; a patient compartment to accommodate an emer-gency medical technician (EMT)/paramedic and two litterpatients (one patient located on the primary cot and a second-ary patient on a folding litter located on the squad bench) sopositioned that the primary patient can be given intensiveli
5、fe-support during transit; equipment and supplies for emer-gency care at the scene as well as during transport; two-wayradio communication; and, when necessary, equipment forlight rescue/extrication procedures. The ambulance shall bedesigned and constructed to afford safety, comfort, and avoidaggrav
6、ation of the patients injury or illness.1.1.2 This practice may be used to procure an ambulanceand the applicable additional systems and equipment.1.1.3 Purchasers should follow the ordering data in 9.2 toaid them with the preparation of their procurement specifica-tion, requisition, and contract. T
7、he purpose of this practice is todescribe minimum requirements for design, construction, per-formance, equipment, testing, and appearance of EMSS ambu-lances that are authorized to display the “Star of Life” symbolso as to provide a practical degree of standardization. Thereasons for such standardiz
8、ation are to provide ambulances thatare easily detected, nationally recognizable, properly con-structed, easily maintained, and, when appropriately equipped,will enable Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) to safelyand reliably perform their functions as basic and advancedprehospital life support pr
9、oviders as set forth in national EMSSstandard training guidelines. These functions include:1.1.3.1 Responding to, providing appropriate basic or ad-vanced life support, on-site, to persons reported experiencingacute injury or illness in a pre-hospital setting, and transportingthem, while continuing
10、such life support care, to an appropriatemedical facility for definitive care.1.1.3.2 Providing interhospital critical transport care.1.1.3.3 Transporting essential personnel and equipment toand from the site of a multiple medical emergency or a triagesite and transporting appropriately triaged pati
11、ents to desig-nated medical facilities.1.1.3.4 Other functions deemed appropriate by EMSS am-bulance service managers and approved by designated EMSSmedical directors.1.2 “Star of Life” CertificationAmbulance manufacturer/contractor shall furnish the purchaser(s) citing this practice anauthenticated
12、 certification and label (see 6.19) that certifies a“Star of Life” ambulance and equipment complying with thispractice and applicable amendments (if any) in effect on thedate of manufacture (see 7.3). Ambulance vehicles so certifiedmay display the registered “Star of Life” symbol, as defined bythe U
13、.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and the NationalHighway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), see Fig. 1.1.3 Classification“Star of Life” ambulance designs in-cluded in this practice may be described in terms of their bodytype (I, II, or III), class of drive (“1” for two rear wheel driveor “
14、2” for four wheel drive), and floor configuration (A forAdvanced Life Support or B for Basic Life Support). Suchdescriptions may be used to define a variety of ambulancedesigns which are eligible for certification as “Star of Life”ambulances. (To specify, see 9.2.2 and 9.2.3).NOTE 1For optional adva
15、nced life support (ALS) applications, usersshould consider specifying a modular (Type I or III) ambulance. Modularambulances provide additional space and compartmentation for cardiacmonitors, drug cases, and so forth. The basic life support (BLS) configu-ration is standard on all types.1.3.1 Type IC
16、onventional truck, cab-chassis with modularambulance body (see Fig. 2).Class ConfigurationTwo rear wheel driven (4x2) A or BFour wheel driven (4x4) A or B1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on EmergencyMedical Services and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F30.0
17、1 on EMSEquipment.Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originallypublished as F 2020 00. Last previous edition F 2020 02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Configuration A: Elevating cot and sq
18、uad bench for ALS (see 6.1.5.1and 6.11.4).Configuration B: Elevating cot and squad bench for BLS (see6.1.5.2).1.3.1.1 Type IAD (Additional Dutywith increasedGVWR, storage, and payload capacity)A or B or Neonatal,Critical Patient Transport, or A or B with Rescue and FireSuppression Package (see 6.1.2
19、.1).Class ConfigurationTwo rear wheel driven (4x2) A or B*Four wheel driven (4x4) A or B*As specified by purchaser. The configuration shall provide for aneonatal, critical patient transport, configuration A or B with fire sup-pression package and rescue capability when specified.1.3.2 Type IIStandar
20、d van, integral cab-body ambulance(see 6.1.3 and Fig. 3).Class ConfigurationTwo rear wheel driven (4x2) A* or BFour wheel driven (4x4)* A* or B*Requires conversion of chassis to four wheel drive (4x4), (see6.1.6).*On a Type II, ALS features are limited, (see 9.2.3).1.3.3 Type IIICutaway van, cab-cha
21、ssis with integral orcontainerized modular body ambulance (see 6.1.4 and Fig. 4).Class ConfigurationTwo rear wheel driven (4x2) A or BFour wheel driven (4x4)* A or BFIG. 1 “Star of Life Symbol”F 2020 02a2FIG. 2 Type I AmbulanceF 2020 02a3FIG. 3 Type II AmbulanceF 2020 02a4FIG. 4 Type III AmbulanceF
22、2020 02a5*Requires conversion of chassis to four wheel drive (4x4), (see6.1.6).Configuration A: Elevating cot and squad bench for ALS (see 6.1.5.1and 6.11.4).Configuration B: Elevating cot and squad bench for BLS (see6.1.5.2).1.3.3.1 Type IIIAD (Additional Dutywith increasedGVWR, storage, and payloa
23、d capacity) A or B or neonatal,critical patient transport, or A or B with rescue, or firesuppression package, or both (see 6.1.4.1).Class ConfigurationTwo rear driven (4 3 2) A or B*Four wheel driven (4 3 4) A or B*As specified by purchaser. The configuration shall provide for aneonatal, critical pa
24、tient transport, configuration A or B with fire sup-pression package and rescue capability when specified.1.4 Order of PrecedenceIn the event of a conflict betweenthe text of this practice and the references cited herein, the textof this practice shall take precedence, except where required bylaw in
25、cluding Federal, State, and local laws and regulations.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespo
26、nsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:B 117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus2F 920 Specification for Minimum Perfo
27、rmance and SafetyRequirements for Resuscitators Intended for Use WithHumans3F 960 Specification for Medical and Surgical Suction andDrainage Systems4F 1177 Terminology Relating to Emergency Medical Ser-vices3F 1328 Guide for Training Emergency Medical Technician(Basic) to Prepare Patients for Medica
28、l Transportation3F 1517 Guide for Scope of Performance of EmergencyMedical Services Ambulance Operations3F 1949 Specification for Medical Oxygen Delivery Systemsfor EMS Ground Vehicles32.2 Federal Specifications:5L-S-300 Sheeting and Tape, Reflective, Nonexposed Lens,Adhesive BackingRR-C-901/3 Cylin
29、ders Compressed Gas: With Valve orPlug and Cap; ICC3aa2.3 Federal Standards:5Federal Standard No. 297, Rustproofing of AutomotiveVehicles2.4 Military Standards:6MIL-STD-461 Requirements for the Control of Electro-magnetic Interference Characteristics of Subsystems andEquipmentMIL-STD-1223 Nontactica
30、l Wheeled Vehicles, Painting,Identification Marking and Data Plate Standards2.5 Laws and Regulations:721 CFR 820 Quality System Regulation (QSR) (FDA)29 CFR 1910 Occupational Safety and Health Administra-tion (OSHA) Standards40 CFR 86 Control of Air Pollution from New MotorVehicles and New Motor Veh
31、icle Engines47 CFR, PART 90 Private and Land Mobile Radio Services;Sub Part B: Public Safety Radio Pool49 CFR 393 Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations(FMCSR)49 CFR 571 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards(FMVSS)2.6 Other PublicationsThe following documents form apart of this practice to the ex
32、tent specified. Unless a specificissue is identified, the issue in effect on date of invitation forbids or request for proposal shall apply.American Heart Association Standards and Guidelines forCardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Cardiac Care8State of California Motor Vehicle Code9The Tire and
33、Rim Association Inc. Yearbook10Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), Inc., Standards andRecommended Practices:11J163 Low Tension Wiring and Cable Terminals and SpliceClipsJ537 Storage BatteriesJ541 Voltage Drop for Starting Motor CircuitsJ551 Measurement of Electromagnetic Radiation from Mo-tor Veh
34、icles and DevicesJ553 Circuit BreakersJ561 Electrical Terminals, Eyelet and Spade TypeJ575 Tests for Motor Vehicle Lighting Devices See 2001 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 13.01.5Copies of Federal Standards and Specifications are available from FederalStandards and Specifications, Superintendent
35、 of Documents, U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, 732 N. Capital St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.6Copies of Military Specifications and Standards required by suppliers inconnection with specific procurement functions should be obtained from theprocuring activity or as directed by the cont
36、racting officer.7Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402. When indicated, reprints of certain regulations maybe obtained from the Federal agency responsible for issuance thereof.8Circulation Magazine, Vol 102, Number 8, Aug. 2, 2000 (Suppl
37、ement 1ECCGuidelines).9Available from Department of Motor Vehicles, 2570 24thSt., Sacramento, CA95809.10Application for copies should be addressed to The Tire and Rim Association,Inc., 175 Montrose W. Ave., Suite 150, Copley, OH 44321.11Available from Technical Division, SAE, 400 Commonwealth Dr., W
38、arren-dale, PA 15096.F 2020 02a6J639 Safety Practices for Mechanical Vapor CompressionRefrigeration Equipment or Systems Used To Cool Pas-senger Compartment of Motor VehiclesJ682 Rear Wheel Splash and Stone Throw ProtectionJ683 Tire Chain ClearanceJ689 Approach, Departure, and Ramp Breakover AnglesJ
39、771 Automotive Printed CircuitsJ845 Method for Determining the Flash Energy of a LightJ858 Electrical Terminals, Blade TypeJ928 Electrical Terminals, Pin and Receptacle TypeJ994 Backup Alarms, Performance Test and ApplicationJ1054 Warning Lamp, Alternating FlashersJ1127 Battery CableJ1128 Low Tensio
40、n Primary CableJ1292 Automobile, Truck, Truck-Tractor, Trailer, and MotorCoach WiringJ1318 Strobe Warning LightsJ1349 Engine Power Test Code, Spark Ignition and DieselJ2498 Minimum Performance of the Warning Light SystemUsed on Emergency VehiclesNational Truck Equipment Association/AMD:12AMD Standar
41、d 001 Static Load for Ambulance Body Struc-ture TestAMD Standard 002 Body Door Retention Components TestAMD Standard 003 Oxygen Tank Retention System Test(Main and Portable Cylinders)AMD Standard 004 Litter Retention System TestAMD Standard 005 Ambulance 12 Volt dc Electrical Sys-tems TestAMD Standa
42、rd 006 Sound Level Test CodeAMD Standard 007 Carbon Monoxide Levels For PatientCompartment InteriorsAMD Standard 008 Ambulance Patient Compartment GrabRail (Load Test)AMD Standard 009 120 VAC Electrical SystemsAMD Standard 010 Water Spray TestAMD Standard 011 Ambulance Equipment TemperatureTestAMD S
43、tandard 012 Temperature TestsAMD Standard 013 Weight Distribution TestAMD Standard 014 Cooling System TestAMD Standard 015 Ambulance Oxygen System Test3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 ambulance, nsee 1.1.1.3.2 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer toTerminology F 1177.4. Summary o
44、f Practice4.1 The principle of this practice is to define the range ofdesigns, features, performance characteristics for manufactur-ers, purchasers, and users, of “Star of Life” ambulancesrecommended for EMSS ambulance services.5. Significance and Use5.1 This document describes the practices for com
45、mercialambulance manufacturers/venders for:5.1.1 Design and construction, and outfitting of a variety ofEMSS ambulances designs using commercially available lighttruck vehicle chassis, fabricated vehicle bodies, and commer-cially available components and equipment.5.1.2 Testing the performance of am
46、bulances and equipmentin accordance with nationally accepted ambulance manufac-turers (AMD) test standards.5.1.3 Outfitting and equipping ambulances with medicalequipment as recommended by appropriate medical associa-tions to meet needs specified by purchasers.5.1.4 Certification of ambulances in ac
47、cordance with “Starof Life” criteria.5.1.5 Painting coloring and marking EMS ambulances inaccordance with “Star of Life” standards preparatory to deliv-ery to purchasers.5.2 This document describes practices for ambulance pur-chasers for:5.2.1 Preparation of a purchase description for the procure-me
48、nt of an EMSS ambulance in accordance with this practice,using guidance contained in Section 9.5.2.2 Specifying ambulance inspections, tests and documen-tation preparatory to acceptance of delivery.5.3 This document describes practices for ambulance usersfor:5.3.1 Acquainting ambulance service medic
49、al directors withfeatures of various ambulance designs and capabilities forplanning purposes.5.3.2 Acquainting ambulance service managers and opera-tors (EMTs) with ambulance designs, equipment, and expectedperformance characteristics to enable them to safely operateEMS ambulances in accordance with Guide F 1517, andeffectively prepare patients for medical transport in accordancewith Guide F 1328.5.4 Standard CoverageThis practice does not include allthe varieties of medical service vehicles commercially avail-able. This practice covers only the ambula
