1、Designation: F 2037 00 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Practice forPredicting the Lifetime of Ink Jet Prints Stored in DarkKeeping Conditions in Typical Office Environments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2037; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofori
2、ginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes an accelerated procedure in-tended to
3、 predict the lifetime of images stored in dark keepingconditions in typical office environments.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health p
4、ractices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinates2.2 ANSI Standards:ANSI/NAPM IT9.91996 Stability of Color
5、PhotographicImagesMethods for Measuring3ANSI/PIMA IT9.241997 Arrhenius-Type PredictionsTest Method3Limitations of Accelerated Image Stability Testing43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 ink jet media, nrecording elements used by ink jetprinters to receive inks. The substrate may be paper, plastic,ca
6、nvas, fabric, or other ink receptive material. The substratemay, or may not, be coated with an ink receptive layer(s).3.1.2 single accelerated test, ndark stability testing at asingle set of environmental conditions, for example 50C and50 % relative humidity (RH).4. Summary of Practice4.1 Printed te
7、st samples are covered with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) sleeve5to simulate an album, or with asample of the same sample type to simulate a stack of prints,and placed in foil-lined bags. Air is forced out of the bags andthe bags are sealed. The bags are placed in dark recirculatingforced-air envi
8、ronmental chambers at multiple temperatures at50 % RH. After a predetermined color change is obtained, thetest is terminated and the image life is predicted by ANSI/PIMA IT9.241997.NOTE 1The foil bags serve several purposes: they protect thesamples, they prevent any outgassing from the samples from
9、contaminat-ing other samples in the test chamber, and they ensure contact of the PETor receiver to the samples.4.2 The duration of the test may vary widely depending onthe dark stability of the ink/media and the temperature condi-tion.4.3 During the course of the test, the color changes in theprinte
10、d samples are periodically evaluated instrumentally. Re-sults are compared to a control incubated at room conditionsand to the same specimen prior to incubation. The color changeis reported as percent retained optical density and colordifference, DE.5. Significance and Use5.1 The image life of print
11、ed ink jet media in dark keepingconditions in typical office environments is pertinent to the enduse of these materials. While natural aging is the most reliablemethod of assessing image stability, the length of time requiredmakes this method impractical for most materials. As a result,accelerated t
12、ests often are used. This test practice is anaccelerated short-term storage test that simulates long-termstorage but at elevated temperatures. A room condition sampleis also tracked to provide practical data. By measuring the timeneeded to obtain a predetermined color change at a variety oftemperatu
13、re conditions, the image life can be predicted usingthe Arrhenius method.NOTE 2The Arrhenius method is a predictive test based on math-ematical extrapolation of high temperature tests to room temperature. Inthis test, long-term color changes are predicted by performing short-term1This practice is un
14、der the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.07 on Ink JetImaging Products.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2006. Published January 2006. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 2037 00.2Fo
15、r referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25
16、 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.4S. Anderson and D. Kopperl, Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, 37:363373 (1993).5Kodak Image Sleeve Cat. 1600733.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.tests at a series of
17、 high temperatures.5.1.1 Since the ability of an ink jet print to withstand colorchanges is a function of temperature and humidity, it isimportant that dark stability be assessed under the conditionsappropriate to the end use application. While ink jet prints maybe handled and displayed under a vari
18、ety of conditions, this testpractice is intended to produce the color changes that mayoccur in ink jet prints upon dark keeping in typical officeenvironments.5.1.2 The accelerated procedure described in this test prac-tice is intended to provide a means for predicting the life of anink jet image und
19、er laboratory conditions. Test results areuseful for specification acceptance between producer and user,for quality control, and for research and product development.6. Interferences6.1 It is recognized that the rate of dark fade of ink jet printswill vary significantly because of factors such as in
20、itial colordensity, the area printed (solid versus half-tone), the substrate,the ink type (dye versus pigment inks), and the coating typeand thickness. Consequently, test results must be determinedindividually for each printed recording element.6.2 The rate of dye degradation is temperature dependen
21、t: athigh temperatures, the chemical reactions that lead to dye lossare accelerated; however, at temperatures above 50C, dotspread may occur resulting in an apparent increase in density.6.3 While inkjet images may be stored at relative humiditiesof greater than 50 % in many parts of the world, the c
22、ombina-tion of high temperatures used for accelerated testing and highhumidity may produce effects that would never occur in actualuse.7. Apparatus7.1 Recirculating Forced-Air Environmental Chambers,PET , and foil-lined bags.68. Test Specimen8.1 The substrate, method of printing, ink, ink laydown, a
23、ndhandling of printed specimens shall be consistent with theanticipated end use of the specimens.8.2 The test image may be generated with personal com-puter word processing, drawing/graphics, or page layout soft-ware, saved as a print file for each printer/method of printing(contributing its unique
24、ink and ink/receiver interactions thatmay impact on the image light stability), trial-printed, andevaluated for appropriate ink letdown (purity and amount) andease of printing and testing. Each print file should have itsfilename, type, and version identified in the image area and aplace for experime
25、ntal notes, for example, time, printer,environmental conditions, operator. The printer settings and atrial print of each print file version should be archived.8.3 The recommended test image should consist of colorpatches printed using print files containing the appropriateprinter setup specific for
26、each application. The color patchesshould be printed at 1.0 density and include each of the primarycolors (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black), secondary colors(red, green, and blue), and composite black (cyan plus magentaplus yellow).8.4 For instrumental evaluation, the color patch must belarge enoug
27、h to cover the specimen port; a minimum size of1-14 in.2(35 mm2) is satisfactory for many instruments.8.5 Potential variables, such as temperature and relativehumidity, must be monitored and controlled to guard againstsample induced changes.9. Conditioning9.1 It is recommended that samples be condit
28、ioned at 24Cand 50 % RH for at least 24 h prior to testing. Specimensshould be visually inspected for color uniformity and surfaceirregularities, which could adversely affect color measurement.10. Procedure10.1 Prepare samples in accordance with Section 8.10.2 Take initial readings of density, or L*
29、a*b, or both.10.3 Cover the samples with a like sample or with PET andplace in foil-lined bags. Force air from bag and seal. Placesealed bags in dark, recirculating forced-air environmentalchambers at 24C (control sample) and at least four additionaltemperatures. The temperature range shall be at le
30、ast 20C,preferably wider, and the temperature intervals shall be ap-proximately equal. Temperature settings should be as high aspossible without causing artifacts, such as dot spread. Arecommended starting point is 20C, 30C, 40C, and 50C.The humidity shall be set at 50 % RH.10.4 Measure color change
31、 of the samples on a periodicbasis (for example, 42, 63, 84, 126, 168, 210, 252, 294, 365days, and so forth).10.5 Terminate the test when the predetermined colorchange is achieved. The duration of the test and the magnitudeof the predetermined color change may differ significantlydepending on the in
32、k/media and the intended usage.11. Calculation11.1 DE shall be calculated in accordance with PracticeD 2244. Densities shall be measured in accordance withANSI/NAPM IT9.91996, Sections 3.33.6. Percent-retaineddensity shall be as follows:% Retained Density 5Optical Density After ExposureOptical Densi
33、ty Before Exposure3 100(1)NOTE 3The type of equipment used for making color measurements,the method, and the color-difference equation used must be stated.11.2 The predicted image life calculated by the Arrheniusmethod. The calculation shall be performed in accordance withANSI/NAPM IT9.91996.NOTE 4W
34、hile the Arrhenius test is a better predictor of long-termstability than single accelerated tests, the quality of results it produces isaffected by many factors such as the number and level of temperatures,length of test, and test humidity. A discussion of certain cautions that mustbe used to interp
35、ret Arrhenius test data may be found in the standard forLimitations of Accelerated Image Stability Testing and in ANSI/PIMAIT9.24 “Arrhenius-Type PredictionsTest Method.”6Foil-lined bags, available from Maco Bag Corporation in two sizes: Poly HeatSeal Pouch 7-14 in.3 1518 in. (Part #MACO 000041) and
36、 Poly Heat Seal Pouch 13in. 3 13 in. (Part #MACO 000042), are suitable.F 2037 00 (2006)212. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Specimen identification, including the printer,method of printing, and the media type.12.1.2 Test results from the instrumental color changeevaluation (perce
37、nt retained optical density and DE) of thecolor patches and the support, as well as the initial and finaldensity and L*a*b values.12.1.3 Exposure temperature ranges, t.12.1.4 Exposure humidity, h.12.1.5 Predetermined color change used to determine testend point.12.1.6 Extrapolated time for end point
38、 to occur at specifiedtemperature and relative RH.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent right
39、s, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for r
40、evision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing y
41、ou shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 2037 00 (2006)3
