1、Designation: F 2039 00 (Reapproved 2006)An American National StandardStandard Guide forBasic Elements of Shipboard Occupational Health andSafety Program1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the basic elements of a ShipboardOccupational Health and
3、Safety Program (SOHSP). Theseelements are applicable to all vessel types including but notlimited to tank vessels, dry bulk carriers, passenger vessels,roll-on roll-off vessels, ore bulk oilers, offshore supply vessels,tugboats, towboats, and barges. The elements described arefundamental pieces of a
4、 systematic occupational safety andhealth program and may be used by company line managers,health and safety personnel or consultants who are implement-ing, improving, or auditing the effectiveness of a shipboardhealth and safety program.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety
5、 concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ANSI Standards:ANSI Z4.1-1986 Minimum Requirements
6、 for Sanitation inPlaces of Employment2ANSI Z41-1991 Personal Protection Protective Footwear2ANSI Z87.1-1989 Practice for Occupational and Educa-tional Eye and Face Protection2ANSI Z88.2-1992 Respiratory Protection2ANSI Z89.1-1986 Protective Headwear for Industrial Work-ers2ANSI Z244.1-1982 (R1993)
7、Safety Requirements for theLock Out/Tag Out of Energy Sources2ANSI/ASA S3.18-1979 (R1993): Guide for the Evaluationof Human Exposure to Whole Body Vibration2ANSI/ASA S3.44-1996 Determination of OccupationalNoise Exposure and Estimation of Noise-Induced HearingImpairment2ANSI/AWS Z49.1-1994 Safety in
8、 Welding, Cutting andAllied Processes22.2 Other Documents:NFPA 306-1997 Control of Gas Hazards on Vessels3NFPA 1991-2000: Vapor Protective Suits for HazardousChemical Emergencies3NFPA 1992-2000: Liquid Splash Protective Suits for Haz-ardous Chemical Emergencies3IMO A.468(XII) Code on Noise Levels On
9、board Ships4IMO A.849 (20) Code for Investigation of Marine Casual-ties and Incidents4IMO A.864 (20) Recommendations for Entering EnclosedSpaces Aboard Ships446 CFR 16.210 Pre-employment Testing Requirements5U.S. Coast Guard Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circular298 Physical Evaluation Guidelines
10、 for Merchant Mari-ners Documents and Licenses53. Significance and Use3.1 This guide does not set specific performance or techni-cal criteria, but recommends that companies set policies andobjectives and develop procedures for managing their healthand safety program. Companies should consider their
11、uniqueorganization, culture, and hazards on their vessels and thepossible effects of their operations. The elements are intention-ally flexible and may be tailored to address any size ofoperation or any vessel type. Note that although the standard isaimed at the shipboard occupational health and saf
12、ety program,some of the elements address activities and commitments thatmust be completed or made by shore side personnel (forexample, executive management commitment and provision of1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships andMarine Technology and is the direct responsib
13、ility of Subcommittee F25.07 onGeneral Requirements.Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 2039 00.2Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.3Av
14、ailable from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.4Available from International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert Embankment,London SE1 75R, United Kingdom.5Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 2040
15、2.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.adequate resources). Key to the effectiveness of the program isthe implementation of each element within an interconnectedsystem.4. Basic Elements4.1 Executive Management Commitment a
16、nd LeadershipExecutive management commitment and leadership is a pre-condition for an effective SOHSP. Executive managementcommitment and leadership includes, but is not limited tointegrating health and safety into the management structure andfabric of the company, developing a health and safety pol
17、icy,developing health and safety objectives, providing resources toachieve the objectives, defining stewardship responsibilitiesand providing authority to carry out those responsibilities, andestablishing accountability for safety and health as a part of jobperformance reviews. Further guidance is p
18、rovided in AnnexA1.4.2 Employee ParticipationEmployees from all levelsincluding crewmembers, officers, masters, persons in charge,and shoreside personnel should be directly involved with theSOHSP. Shipboard and shoreside employees should be in-volved in developing, implementing, evaluating, and modi
19、fy-ing the SOHSP. Employees should also participate in settinghealth and safety objectives and performance criteria. Thisinvolvement might be through employee membership on safetycommittees that provide input to management for the develop-ment of safety and health policy, debate and set health andsa
20、fety goals, measure and evaluate performance, and recom-mend modifications to the program based on their evaluation.Shoreside and shipboard employees should work together toachieve safety and health goals. For example, shoreside per-sonnel should participate on vessel safety committees sincetheir de
21、cisions affect vessel operations and ultimately thehealth and safety of vessel personnel. In large companies,individual vessel safety committees might submit recommen-dations to an overarching safety committee that evaluates therecommendations and sets policy to apply appropriate recom-mendations to
22、 the entire fleet. Further guidance is provided inAnnex A2.4.3 Hazard Anticipation, Identification, Evaluation andControlThe core function of any health and safety programis prevention. Health and safety hazards including fire, reac-tivity, and chemical and physical hazards, need to be antici-pated
23、and prevented from occurring. Hazards and unsafeoperating procedures need to be identified and addressed sothey will not endanger employees or the public and will notdamage the vessel, cargo, or third party property. Potentialhazards should be systematically anticipated, identified, evalu-ated, and
24、controlled. Tools such as job hazard analysis,industrial hygiene exposure assessments, and risk assessment/management methodologies enable the evaluation and controlof hazards. Further guidance is provided in Annex A3.4.4 TrainingEmployees should receive training appropri-ate for their duties and re
25、sponsibilities so that they may worksafely and not endanger their shipmates or the public. Inaddition, employees who have specific health and safetyresponsibilities (generally supervisors with responsibility forthe safety of others, but also nonsupervisors who are assignedto safety committees or as
26、crew member representatives)should receive training to enable them to carry out their healthand safety program responsibilities. Further guidance is pro-vided in Annex A4.4.5 Record KeepingCompany records sufficient to dem-onstrate the effectiveness of the health and safety programshould be maintain
27、ed. Data that enables trend or patternanalysis for root causes is particularly desirable. For example,results of audits that evaluate effectiveness of the safety andhealth management system should be maintained. Records thatindicate industrial hygiene exposure assessments have beenconducted and appr
28、opriate controls have been implementedshould be maintained. Current job safety analyses and corre-sponding standard operating procedures with safe work prac-tices should be documented. Injury and illness data should bemaintained to enable the identification of trends and patternsthat associate the i
29、njury or illness with a common cause, whichcan be addressed. Training topics, lesson outlines, and attend-ees should be documented. Where appropriate, such recordsshould permit evaluation of the program on individual vesselsas well as across an entire fleet. Further guidance is provided inAnnex A5.4
30、.6 Contract or Third Party PersonnelWhen contract orthird party personnel are on board to perform work, vesselpersonnel should provide information regarding potential haz-ards on the vessel that may affect the contract or third partypersonnel. Potential hazards related to the work conducted bycontra
31、ct or third party personnel should be provided to thevessel owner/operator and/or the master/person in charge. Eachemployer should provide appropriate information regardingvessel and work hazards to their own employees. For example,exchange of information on chemical hazards might be accom-plished b
32、y exchanging appropriate material safety data sheets(MSDS), then each employer can inform their own employeesof the hazards identified in the MSDS. Further guidance isprovided in Annex A6.4.7 Fatality, Injury, Illness, and Incident InvestigationPersonnel injuries, occupational illnesses, and “near m
33、iss”incidents should be promptly investigated. The current incidentand other similar occurrences should be analyzed to identifythe primary (root) cause and any contributing factors. Theinvestigation report, setting forth primary cause, contributingfactors, and corrective measures should be presented
34、 to man-agement. Followup action that specifically addresses the re-ports recommendations for corrective action should be under-taken and documented. Further guidance is provided in AnnexA7.4.8 Systematic Program Evaluation and ContinuousImprovementMaintaining an effective health and safety pro-gram
35、 is an ongoing process. The SOHSP should have systemsfor detecting, reporting, and correcting nonconformities to theprogram. Some type of “formalized” evaluation should also beconducted on a periodic basis consistent with other aspects ofthe vessels management plan. The evaluation should deter-mine
36、whether the SOHSP is appropriate for the vessel and itsoperations, that actual practices are consistent with the pro-grams and procedures in the SOHSP, and that the SOHSP iseffective. Comparison of data and records (refer to Annex A5,Record Keeping) to performance objectives and criteria (referF 203
37、9 00 (2006)2to Annex A1, Section A1.3, health and safety objectives) canprovide important indicators of the effectiveness of the SOHSP.Further guidance is provided in Annex A8.5. Keywords5.1 health; safetyANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT AND LEADERSHIPA1.1 Health and safety pr
38、ograms are most effective whenthey are integrated into the management structure of a com-pany, rather than treated as an “add on” program. Examples ofintegrated health and safety efforts include:A1.1.1 Developing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs),written to the education level of the person who m
39、ust followthe SOP, that integrate safe work practices and basic opera-tional functions,A1.1.2 Making design review by qualified health and safetypersonnel an element of the acquisition procedures, andA1.1.3 Making consultation with qualified health and safetypersonnel a part of the process when maki
40、ng changes tooperations.A1.2 Executive management sets the tone for the entireSOHSP through their policy regarding health and safety.Examples of values that can be stated and commitments thatcan be made in company policy include:A1.2.1 A statement that the company will make every effortto provide a
41、safe and healthy workplace and that workingsafely is a condition of employment,A1.2.2 Statements that convey how important each crewmember is to the vessel as a fellow worker and as a companyresource:A1.2.2.1 “The basic safety policy of this company is that notask is so important that an employee mu
42、st violate a safety ruleor put himself or herself at risk of injury or illness in order toget it done.”,A1.2.3 A written commitment to provide resources neces-sary to implement the health and safety program could also beincluded in the policy statement, andA1.2.4 Management can demonstrate commitmen
43、t to thesafety and health policies through word and action. Forexample, managers visiting vessels should follow safety rulesand standard operating procedures, including use of hearingprotection, safety glasses, safety shoes, protective clothing, andso forth.A1.3 Setting and attaining health and safe
44、ty objectivesdemonstrates a companys commitment to improvement ofhealth and safety performance. Objectives provide a targetagainst which those who are responsible for health and safetymay measure their progress. Quantifiable objectives are desir-able since often, “What gets measured gets done.” (Ref
45、er toAnnex A8, Systematic Program Evaluation, for examples ofperformance measures and an overall program audit.) Healthand safety objectives may include:A1.3.1 Eliminate lost time incidents,A1.3.2 Report “near miss” incidents or problems, evaluate,and if appropriate, implement changes to prevent a m
46、oreserious incident or accident in the future,A1.3.3 Develop and implement a program of evaluationsthrough drills and other means (for example, simulators) toensure that personnel are competent to carry out their duties,A1.3.4 Improve the health and safety program by review-ing, considering, and imp
47、lementing appropriate publishedindustry practices and consensus standards rather than relyingon the imposition of new regulatory standards. Examples ofconsensus standards to consider include, but are not limited to:ANSI Z41-1991, ANSI Z87.1-1989, ANSI Z88.2-1992,ANSI Z89.1-1986, ANSI Z244.11982 (R19
48、93), ANSI/ASAS3.18-1979 (R1993), ANSI/ASA S3.44-1996, ANSI/AWSZ49.1-1994, ANSI Z4.1-1986, NFPA 1991-2000, NFPA 1992-2000, NFPA 306-1997, IMO A.864 (20), and IMO A.468(XII).A1.3.5 Complete periodic comprehensive (or area-specific)hazard review,A1.3.6 Reduce exposure levels to airborne vapors to accep
49、t-able levels through appropriate controls,A1.3.7 Complete annual respiratory fit testing on schedule,A1.3.8 Develop and implement acute toxic exposure proce-dures addressing first aid procedures, obtaining additionalemergency medical assistance, and appropriate medical sur-veillance tests (for example, S-phenylmercapturic acid in urinefollowing a potential benzene overexposure), andA1.3.9 Develop and implement an occupational healthmedical surveillance plan.NOTE A1.1The intent of this medical surveillance plan is to ensureemployees are not overexposed to hazards on th
