1、Designation: F2049 11 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Safety Performance Specification forFences/Barriers for Public, Commercial, and Multi-FamilyResidential Use Outdoor Play Areas1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yea
2、r oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification provides the recommended minimumrequ
3、irements for denoting various types of fences/barriers forthe protection of childrens outdoor play spaces in public,commercial, and multi-family residential use locations. Thisspecification excludes individual single family residential useplay equipment locations. Interior fences located in a play a
4、reathat has a perimeter fence established shall only have tocomply with the latch height requirement indicated in 7.6.2.1.2 This specification provides for the safety of occupants inplay areas or zones as it pertains to vehicular intrusion as wellas other participant intrusion, and for children cont
5、ainment orentry/exit. This specification has the intent to also keepchildren inside a predetermined area in an effort to enhancesupervision; to keep children from running out of the area intowater and other hazards; to minimize the likelihood of faciallacerations on low gate and fence hardware; to m
6、inimize thelikelihood of abduction; and to restrict access to railroads,highways, roads, and other such hazards.1.3 This specification does not choose the product compo-nents for the fence system, the choice of which should be madeby the operators of the play space and their specificationwriters or
7、drafters based upon their determination of the meritsof the products that could be used.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The SI values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 This specification does not purport to address the aspectof safety within a
8、play area or zone. It is the responsibility ofthe user of this specification to establish appropriate safetypractices as related to the play area and determine theapplicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally r
9、ecognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A392 Specificatio
10、n for Zinc-Coated Steel Chain-Link FenceFabricA491 Specification for Aluminum-Coated Steel Chain-LinkFence FabricF552 Terminology Relating to Chain Link FencingF668 Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polyolefinand Other Polymer-Coated Steel Chain Link Fence FabricF1043 Specification for Str
11、ength and Protective Coatings onSteel Industrial Fence FrameworkF1083 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded, for Fence StructuresF1183 Specification for Aluminum Alloy Chain Link FenceFabricF1345 Specification for Zinc-5 % Aluminum-MischmetalAlloy-Coated Steel Cha
12、in-Link Fence Fabric2.2 Research Reports:3National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report#543. Terminology3.1 See Terminology F552 for definitions of terms relatingto chain-link fencing.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 fence, ntype of containment that surrounds andobstru
13、cts primarily people passage to or from the play area.3.2.2 barrier, ntype of containment or deflector systemthat surrounds and obstructs primarily vehicle passage into aplay area, such as bollards and posts. Barriers must pass impact1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F1
14、4 on Fencesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.10 on Specific Applications.Current edition approved April 15, 2017. Published July 2017. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F2049 11. DOI:10.1520/F2049-11R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the
15、ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Colcote, L. R., and Mitchie, J. D., “Location, Selection, and Maintenance ofHighway Guardrails and Med
16、ian Barriers,” National Cooperative Highway Re-search Program Report #54, S. W. Research Institute, San Antonio, TX.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internatio
17、nally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1tests for the highest speed limit allowed and posted
18、on thestreet, road, or parking lot adjacent to the outdoor play area.3.2.3 continuous barrier, ntype of traffic barrier designedto prevent vehicular intrusion into a play area and that alsoimpedes pedestrian passage to and from the play space.3.2.4 curb, npermanent, continuous structure made ofconcr
19、ete, asphalt, or other structural material presentinga6to8 in. (15.24 to 20-32 cm) elevation change at the curbline.3.2.5 curbline, npavement elevation change defining theedge of a fire lane, vehicular travel lane, or contiguous orindividual parking spaces with depressions meeting the re-quirements
20、of the Americans with Disabilities Act.3.2.6 debris fence, nshield used to prevent flying post-crash or other debris from entering a play zone.3.2.7 discrete barrier, nbarrier designed to prevent ve-hicular intrusion that allows for pedestrian passage to and fromthe play space.3.2.8 guardrail, nan e
21、xample of a continuous barrier.3.2.9 play zone or area, nenvironment for public, multi-family residential, or commercial play use containing recre-ation equipment intended for activities by children where entryor egress access is intended.3.2.9.1 DiscussionThis may be through its adjacent apart-ment
22、 or home decorative lattice work, public or commercialbuilding door, or via a controlled gate. Examples include, butare not limited to, the following: fast food establishments,day-care centers, shopping malls, apartments, parks, andschools.3.2.10 structural bollards, nsteel pipe structure filled wit
23、hconcrete installed in the ground with a concrete footing.3.2.10.1 DiscussionAstructural bollard is an example of abarrier and discrete barrier.3.2.11 traffc, nmovement of vehicles for purpose ofdriving-through or parking motions.3.2.12 vulnerable play zone, nplay zone in the proximity(as outlined i
24、n 8.3) of vehicular traffic, railroad tracks, bodiesof water, streets, parking lots, roads, electrical and other utilityfeatures, and other similar life-threatening or debilitatingfeatures.4. Site Covered4.1 A play zone shall be protected in accordance with thisspecification in locations that are vu
25、lnerable to vehiculartraffic, from activity and game conflicting uses, and for thecontrol of entering or exiting the play zone or area. Protectionfrom vehicular intrusion shall be placed as specified in Sections6 and 7. Barriers shall protect the perimeters of the play areathat are adjacent to the d
26、irection of traffic, and only apply tothose perimeters that are parallel and perpendicular to thedirection of traffic. Playground enclosures, such as fences,walls, or buildings, shall be on all sides of the play zone.5. Significance and Use5.1 This specification sets forth minimum standard require-m
27、ents for use in local codes and ordinances relating to public,multi-family, residential, and commercial outdoor play areas orzones and their environments.5.2 This specification does not have the effect of law, nor isit intended to supersede local codes and ordinances of a morerestrictive nature.5.3
28、Playgrounds that intentionally incorporate water into theplay area are exempt from this specification.6. Methods of Protection6.1 Discrete and Continuous BarriersThese methods ofprotection shall be determined by the vulnerable play area orplay zone requirement for protection for vehicle intrusion an
29、dadjacent traffic circumstances. If a fence itself complies withthe impact tests described in 7.1, then a barrier is not required.6.1.1 Continuous BarrierIf a vulnerable play area has noexterior exit gate on the traffic side of the play zone, then theplay area shall be protected with a continuous ba
30、rrier on thetraffic side as specified in the following sections. If pedestrianaccess through this continuous barrier is necessary, it shallmeet applicable sections. Continuous barrier methods include,but are not limited to, guardrails, concrete or brick reinforcedwalls, and concrete Jersey barriers.
31、6.1.2 Discrete BarrierIf a vulnerable play area has an exitgate on the traffic side of the play zone, then pedestrian accessthrough a barrier is necessary and a discrete barrier should beprovided on the traffic side as specified in the followingsections. Discrete barrier methods include, but are not
32、 limitedto, the following: structural bollards, trees, posts, and othervertical structures.6.1.3 FencesAll vulnerable play areas shall have fenceswith gates as described in 7.6. This method of protection mayinclude chain link and other materials of a minimum height of4 ft (1.22 m) above grade.6.1.4
33、BuildingWhere a building may abut or is adjacent toa play area or play zone, it may be used as part of thecontainment. If the building wall contains a door for ingressand egress into the play area, it shall comply with subsequentsections. If the building wall contains windows for viewing, itshall co
34、ntain glazing that is unbreakable and shatter-proof.6.2 BuildingsThe fence shall completely surround theplay zone or area environment except where a building ordwelling or portion thereof is utilized as part of the playenvironment enclosure. If the exterior wall or walls of thatportion of the buildi
35、ng contains doors, or other openings, itshall comply with the following provisions.6.2.1 DoorsDoors in the wall of a building or dwellingthat allow direct access through the wall to the play environ-ment shall be provided with the following:6.2.1.1 An alarm capable of detecting unauthorized entry or
36、exit through the gate or opening into or from the playenvironment area when not in use and which, when activated,emits a sound of sufficient volume to be heard in the buildingor dwelling as a means of outdoor area security when deemednecessary. The audible warning shall commence not more than7 s aft
37、er the door, or its screen, if present, or both are openedand shall sound continuously for a minimum of 30 s. The alarmshall have a minimum sound pressure rating of 85 dB at 10 ftF2049 11 (2017)2(3.4 m) and the sounds of the alarm shall be distinctive fromother sounds such as auto alarms, smoke alar
38、ms, telephones,and door bells. The alarm shall automatically reset after 2 minunder all conditions.7. Requirements7.1 Continuous Barrier:7.1.1 Strength and Deflection LimitsThe barrier used shallbe able to withstand a one-time 10,000 lb (4535.9 kg)concentrated, point-load located 2 ft (0.61 m) above
39、 groundwith permanent deformation less than 0.1 in. (2.54 mm) after asingle load when tested in accordance with the U.S. Depart-ment of Transportation specifications.7.1.2 MaintenanceIf any permanent deformation or dam-age is done to a continuous barrier, the play area facility shallbe closed until
40、a new barrier has been installed.7.1.3 InspectionAvisual check shall be done by the owneror operator on a regular basis to note damage. A sign should beposted with the name and owner to be notified if damageoccurs.7.1.4 DistanceMinimum unobstructed distance betweenthe continuous barrier and the play
41、 area perimeter fenceprotection shall be no less than 2 ft (0.61 m).7.1.5 The continuous barrier shall be placed edge to edgeunless passage through is required, which shall be no morethan 48 in.7.2 Discrete Barriers:7.2.1 Strength and Deflection LimitsThe barrier systemused shall meet the requiremen
42、ts of 7.1.1.7.2.2 Discrete barriers shall be placed a maximum of 42 in.(1.07 m) apart from each other (edge to edge).7.2.3 MaintenanceMaintenance shall comply with 7.1.2.7.2.4 DistanceThe distance from discrete barrier to fenceshall be in accordance with 7.1.4.7.2.5 InspectionShall comply with 7.1.3
43、.7.3 Curbs:7.3.1 Curbs, in order to minimize casual contact with cars,shall be placed at a minimum distance between the travel laneand the play area zone as follows:7.3.1.1 2 ft, 6 in. where there is no parking.7.3.1.2 4 ft for angled parking.7.3.1.3 5 ft where there is perpendicular parking.7.4 Fen
44、ces:7.4.1 Fence HeightThe top of the fence shall be a mini-mum of 4 ft (1.22 m) above grade measured on the side of thefence that faces away from the play environment.7.4.2 VisibilityThe fence shall be designed and con-structed so that it allows for a visibility to conform to the levelof surveillanc
45、e necessary from a designated supervising areaoutside or inside the play environment area to inside the playenvironment.7.4.3 Ground ClearanceThe maximum vertical clearancebetween grade and the bottom of the fence shall be no morethan 4 in. measured on both sides of the fence around the playenvironm
46、ent and of a minimal distance to prevent toys fromrolling under.7.4.4 Solid barriers that do not have openings, such asmasonry or stone walls, shall not contain indentations orprotrusions except for normal construction tolerances andtooled masonry joints when used as both barriers and fences.Such in
47、dentations shall not be deeper than 0.375 in. (9.5 mm).7.5 Fence Types:7.5.1 Horizontal and Vertical DesignWhere the fence iscomposed of horizontal and vertical members, and if thedistance between the tops of the horizontal members is lessthan 45 in. (1.143 mm), the horizontal members shall belocate
48、d on the side opposite the play environment to preventegress over it and the spacing between the vertical membersshall not exceed 134 in. (44.4 mm). If the distance between thetops of the horizontal members is 45 in. (1.143 mm) or more,the spacing between the vertical members shall not exceed 4 in.(
49、102 mm). Where there are decorative cutouts, the spacingwithin the cutouts shall not exceed 134 in. (44.4 mm).7.5.2 Chain Link MeshMesh opening for fences shall be anominal 114 in. (3.2 mm) measured between the parallel sidesof the mesh, and a maximum of 134 in. (44.4 mm) measuredhorizontally between the corners of the installed mesh, unlessthe fence is provided with privacy slats fastened at the top orthe bottom, in which case no opening in the mesh shall exceed134 in. (44.4 mm).7.5.2.1 If the tolerance of +18 in. (3.175 mm) indicated inSpe
