1、Designation: F410 08 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forWear Layer Thickness of Resilient Floor Coverings byOptical Measurement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F410; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test metho
3、d covers the determination of the thick-ness of the wear layer of resilient non-textile floor coverings, intile or sheet form, with or without felt backing or foam layer,by optical measurement.1.2 This test method is applicable for wear layers with aminimum thickness of 0.0004 in. (0.01 mm) to a max
4、imumthickness of 0.1 in. (2.54 mm), where measurements within0.0001 in. or 0.0025 mm are tolerable.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not consid
5、ered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitation
6、s prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Techn
7、icalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is applicable for wear layers with aminimum thickness of 0.001 in. (0.02 mm) to
8、 a maximumthickness of 0.1 in. (2.54 mm), where measurements within0.0005 in. or 0.01 mm are tolerable.4. Apparatus4.1 Compound Microscope, having a magnification of atleast 40, equipped with an eyepiece micrometer of the ruleddisk or filar type. The scale shall cover approximately 0.1 in.(2.54 mm)
9、and each division shall be equal to approximately0.0004 in. (0.01 mm) at the object. Either a binocular orstandard microscope may be used.4.2 Vertical Illuminator (recommended), to illuminate thespecimen. If another source is used, the light should fall on thespecimen from as nearly vertical directi
10、on as possible.4.3 Stage Micrometer, for calibrating the eyepiece microm-eter. The scale shall have the smallest division equal to 0.0004in. (0.01 mm) and shall cover at least 0.1 in. (2.54 mm). Thereference standard used for calibration shall be traceable to aNational Standard.4.4 HolderA means for
11、 holding the specimen, withoutdistortion, so that the cut edge is perpendicular to the opticalaxis of the microscope.4.5 Sharp Knife, or razor blade in a holder, for cutting thespecimen.4.6 Cutting Board of plastic, hardboard or fine-grainedhardwood.4.7 Straightedge, for guiding the cutting edge.5.
12、Test Specimen5.1 The specimen shall be cut from a properly selectedsample, representing the area to be measured. It shall beapproximately 2 in. (50 mm) long on the edge to be measuredby about 0.5 in. (13 mm) in width.6. Procedure6.1 Preparation of SpecimenPlace the sample on thecutting board with th
13、e face side up. Hold the cutting instrument1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.20 on TestMethods - Products Construction/Materials.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published January 20
14、14. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F41008 (2013). DOI:10.1520/F0410-08R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
15、 standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in th
16、e Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1so that the plane of the blade is perpendicular to the face of thesample. The cutting edge of the blade should be at
17、an angle tothe horizontal that produces a clean cut. It is essential that thecut is perpendicular to the face of the sample. Apply sufficientpressure so that a clean cut can be made completely through thesample in one stroke, being careful not to distort the sample orturn the knife from the perpendi
18、cular. The cut should bestraight, and at least 2 in. (50 mm) long. Make a similar cutparallel to the first cut, about 0.5 in. (13 mm) apart. Cut eachend, so the specimen can be removed from the sample.6.2 Thickness Measurement:6.2.1 Mount the specimen with the long edge up, the cutsurface perpendicu
19、lar to the optical axis of the microscope (seeAppendix X1).6.2.2 CalibrationCalibrate the eyepiece micrometeragainst the stage micrometer, and record the calibration factor.If a variable magnification (zoom) instrument, or one withadjustable tube length is used, be sure that these adjustmentsare not
20、 disturbed between calibration and measurement of thesample.6.2.3 Measurement with Ocular MicrometerLocate thespecimen under the microscope and adjust the light source.Focus the microscope so that both edges of the wear layer aresharp. If this cannot be done, remount or recut the specimen.Measure th
21、e thickness by counting the rulings or the divisionson the ruled disk in the eyepiece that cover the distance fromone edge of the wear layer to the other, and by applying theappropriate calibration factor. Then record this distance to thenearest 0.0001 in. or 0.0025 mm. Take three readings in theare
22、as selected, at least 0.5 in. (13 mm) apart.7. Report7.1 Average the values of the readings from the specimen tothe nearest 0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm) and record as the averagethickness of the wear layer. Also report minimum and maxi-mum readings to the nearest 0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm).8. Precision and Bi
23、as8.1 PrecisionOptical thickness measured in mils (forexample, a numerical value of 18 equals 0.018 in.). Precision(characterized by repeatability, Sr, r, and reproducibility, SR,R) has been determined in Table 1 for the materials.8.1.1 This study, which used 6 laboratories, 5 materials, and25 deter
24、minations per material, meets the minimum require-ments for determining precision prescribed in Practice E691.38.1.2 Repeatability (Sr, r)In comparing two average val-ues for the same material obtained by the same operator, usingthe same equipment, on the same day, the means should bejudged not equi
25、valent (statistically different) if they vary bymore then the r value for that material and condition. If thedifference between the means is less than the r value for thatmaterial and condition, the averages should be consideredstatistically equivalent.8.1.3 Reproducibility (SR, R)In comparing two a
26、veragevalues of the same material obtained by different operators,using different equipment, on different days, the means shouldbe judged not equivalent (statistically different) if they vary bymore than the R value for that material and condition. If thedifference between the means is less than the
27、 R value for thatmaterial and condition, the averages should be consideredstatistically equivalent. (This applies between different labora-tories or between different equipment within the same labora-tory.)8.1.4 The judgments in 8.1.2 and 8.1.3 will have an approxi-mate 0.95 (95 %) probability of be
28、ing correct. Other materialswill give somewhat different results. For further information onthe methodology used in this section or the explanations given,consult Practice E691.8.2 Material Identification:Material A Type 1, Grade 2, Class AMaterial B Type 1, Grade 1, Class A, with HighPerformance To
29、p CoatMaterial C Type 1, Grade 1, Class BMaterial D Type 1, Grade 3, Class AMaterial E Type 1, Grade 1, Class A, with HighPerformance Top Coat8.3 BiasThe bias of this test method was not determined,as there is no reference standard for comparison.9. Keywords9.1 measurement; optical; resilient; test;
30、 thickness; wearlayer3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report: RR F061006.TABLE 1 PrecisionMaterials AverageASrBSRCrDREMaterial A 18.2147 0.5340 1.0808 1.4952 3.0261Material B 19.5567 1.2854 1.3938 3.5992 3.9028Material C 33
31、.8173 0.5305 0.9218 1.4855 2.5811Material D 10.7353 0.3833 0.3992 1.0734 1.1176Material E 21.0273 0.7411 1.306 2.0750 2.8858AAverage is the arithmetic mean of optical thickness measurements for allreplicates from all laboratories of each material.BSr is the within-laboratory standard deviation of th
32、e average.CSR is the between-laboratory standard deviation of the average.Dr = 2.83 Sr.ER=2.83SR.F410 08 (2017)2APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SPECIMEN MOUNTINGX1.1 The specimen may be mounted in a small vise if careis taken not to distort the specimen. It has been foundconvenient to mount th
33、e specimen on a rectangular block ofwood or plastic, 1 by 3 by58 in. (25 by 75 by 15 mm). Coverthe1by58 side with double-face pressure-sensitive tape.Mount the specimen on the pressure-sensitive tape. Fit theblock into the mechanical stage of the microscope. While amechanical stage is not essential,
34、 it makes it easy to positionthe specimen so that one edge of the wear layer is aligned witha principal division of the eyepiece micrometer, aiding accuratemeasurement.X1.2 For proper calibration technique, consult a text onmicroscopy.4ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of
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36、evision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Yo
37、ur comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is cop
38、yrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.o
39、rg (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ example, Chamot and Mason, Handbook of Chemical Microscopy, Vol. I,2nd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.F410 08 (2017)3
