1、Designation: F 412 07An American National StandardStandard Terminology Relating toPlastic Piping Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 412; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This terminology is a compilation of defini
3、tions oftechnical terms used in the plastic piping industry. Terms thatare generally understood or adequately defined in other readilyavailable sources are not included.1.2 When a term is used in an ASTM document for whichCommittee F17 is responsible it is included only when judged,after review, by
4、Subcommittee F17.91 to be a generally usableterm.1.3 Definitions that are identical to those published by otherASTM committees or other standards organizations are iden-tified with the committee number (for example, D20) or withthe abbreviation of the name of the organization (for example,IUPAC Inte
5、rnational Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-mation included in notes.1.5 Definitions are followed by the committee responsiblefor the standard(s) (for example, F17.26) and standardnumbers(s) in which they are used (for example, F 714).2.
6、 Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementD 256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod PendulumImpact Resistance of PlasticsD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of PlasticsUnder Flexur
7、al Load in the Edgewise PositionD 747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus ofPlastics by Means of a Cantilever BeamD 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD 882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheeting
8、D 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 907 Terminology of AdhesivesD 1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent PlasticsD 1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD 1488 Test Method for Amylaceous Matter in AdhesivesD 1505 Test Method for
9、 Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD 1527 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80D 1785 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plas-tic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120D 2104 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe,Sch
10、edule 40D 2239 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside DiameterD 2241 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)D 2282 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Plastic Pipe3D 2444 Test Method for Determinati
11、on of the Impact Re-sistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of aTup (Falling Weight)D 2447 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe,Schedules 40 and 80, Based on Outside DiameterD 2513 Specification for Thermoplastic Gas Pressure Pipe,Tubing, and FittingsD 2661 Specification for
12、 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipeand FittingsD 2666 Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Tubing3D 2680 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) and Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Composite SewerPipingD 2683 Specification for Socket
13、-Type Polyethylene Fittingsfor Outside Diameter-Controlled Polyethylene Pipe andTubing1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.91 on Editorialand Terminology.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2007.
14、 Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F 412 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standard
15、s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 2737 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic TubingD 2751 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Sewer Pipe a
16、nd FittingsD 2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic DesignBasis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure DesignBasis for Thermoplastic Pipe ProductsD 2846/D 2846M Specification for Chlorinated Poly(VinylChloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribu-tion SystemsD 3035 Specification fo
17、r Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(DR-PR) Based on Controlled Outside DiameterD 3139 Specification for Joints for Plastic Pressure PipesUsing Flexible Elastomeric SealsD 3261 Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene(PE) Plastic Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe andTubingD 3309 Specifi
18、cation for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Hot-and Cold-Water Distribution SystemsD 3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe andFittings MaterialsF 402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipeand FittingsF 405 Specification for Corrug
19、ated Polyethylene (PE) Pipeand FittingsF 441/F 441M Specification for Chlorinated Poly(VinylChloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80F 442/F 442M Specification for Chlorinated Poly(VinylChloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe (SDRPR)F 449 Practice for Subsurface Installation of CorrugatedPolyethylene
20、 Pipe forAgricultural Drainage or Water TableControlF 628 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent PipeWith a Cellular CoreF 645 Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation ofThermoplastic Water- Pressure Piping SystemsF 714 Specification fo
21、r Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(SDR-PR) Based on Outside DiameterF 771 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) ThermoplasticHigh-Pressure Irrigation Pipeline SystemsF 876 Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX)TubingF 877 Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX)Plastic Hot- and Cold-Wa
22、ter Distribution SystemsF 891 Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Plastic Pipe With a Cellular CoreF 948 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic PipingSystems and Components Under Constant Internal Pres-sure With FlowF 1025 Guide for Selection and Use of Full-Encirclement-Type
23、Band Clamps for Reinforcement or Repair of Punc-tures or Holes in Polyethylene Gas Pressure PipeF 1335 Specification for Pressure-Rated Composite Pipeand Fittings for Elevated Temperature ServiceF 1473 Test Method for Notch Tensile Test to Measure theResistance to Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene P
24、ipesand ResinsF 1488 Specification for Coextruded Composite PipeF 1499 Specification for Coextruded Composite Drain,Waste, and Vent Pipe (DWV)F 1668 Guide for Construction Procedures for Buried Plas-tic PipeF 1733 Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyamide(PA)Plastic Fitting for Polyamide(PA) Plas
25、tic Pipe and TubingF 1760 Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Non-Pressure Plastic Pipe Having Reprocessed-Recycled ContentF 1924 Specification for Plastic Mechanical Fittings for Useon Outside Diameter Controlled Polyethylene Gas Distri-bution Pipe and TubingF 1948 Specification
26、for Metallic Mechanical Fittings forUse on Outside Diameter Controlled Thermoplastic GasDistribution Pipe and TubingF 1970 Specification for Special Engineered Fittings, Ap-purtenances or Valves for use in Poly (Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) or Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)SystemsF 1973 Specificat
27、ion for FactoryAssembledAnodeless Ris-ers and Transition Fittings in Polyethylene (PE) andPolyamide 11 (PA11) Fuel Gas Distribution SystemsF 1986 Specification for Multilayer Pipe Type 2, Compres-sion Fittings, and Compression Joints for Hot and ColdDrinking-Water SystemsF 1987 Specification for Mul
28、tilayer Pipe Type 2, Compres-sion Fittings, and Compression Joints for Hydronic Heat-ing SystemsF 2145 Specification for Polyamide 11 (PA 11) MechanicalFittings for Use on Outside Diameter Controlled Polya-mide 11 Pipe and TubingF 2158 Specification for Residential Central-Vacuum Tubeand FittingsF 2
29、160 Specification for Solid Wall High Density Polyeth-ylene (HDPE) Conduit Based on Controlled Outside Di-ameter (OD)F 2176 Specification for Mechanical Couplings Used onPolyethylene Conduit, Duct and Innerduct2.2 ISO Standards:4ISO 3 Preferred NumbersISO 497 Preferred NumbersISO R 161 Pipes of Plas
30、tics Materials for the Transport ofFluids (Outside Diameters and Nominal Pressures) Part I,Metric SeriesISO TR 9080 Thermolplastics Pipes for the Transport ofFluids-Methods of Extrapolation of Hydrostatic StressRupture Data to Determine the Long-Term HydrostaticStrength of Thermoplastic Pipe Materia
31、ls2.3 ANSI Standard:4Z17.1 ANSI Preferred Numbers2.4 PPI Standard:5PPI TR-44Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.5Available from the Plastic Pipe Institute, 1825 ConnecticutAve., NW Suite 680Washington, DC 20009F4120723. Terminolog
32、yacceptance testingtesting performed on a product to deter-mine whether or not an individual lot of the productconforms with specified requirements. F17DISCUSSIONThe number of requirements are usually fewer than forqualification testing (see definition).acetal plastics, nhighly crystalline linear th
33、ermoplastic ho-mopolymers or copolymers characterized by repeatingoxymethylene units. F17acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) pipe and fittingplasticsplastics containing polymers or blends of poly-mers, or both, in which the minimum butadiene content is6%, the minimum acrylonitrile content is 15 %,
34、 the mini-mum styrene or substituted styrene content, or both, is 15 %,and the maximum content of all other monomers is not morethan 5 %; plus lubricants, stabilizers, and colorants.F17.61 D 1527, D 2282 17.62 D 2680, D 2751adhesivea substance capable of holding materials togetherby surface attachme
35、nt. F17adhesive bonded jointsee joint, adhesive bonded.adhesive, solventsee solvent cement.adiabatic extrusiona method of extrusion in which, afterthe extrusion apparatus has been heated sufficiently byconventional means to plastify the material, the extrusionprocess can be continued with the sole s
36、ource of heat beingthe conversion of the drive energy, through viscous resis-tance of the plastic mass in the extruder. D20 D 883aging, n(1) the effect on materials of exposure to anenvironment for an interval of time.(2) the process of exposing materials to an environmentfor an interval of time. D2
37、0 D 883alloy, nin plastics, two or more immiscible polymers united,usually by another component, to form a plastic resin havingenhanced performance properties. D20 D 883antioxidant, ncompounding ingredient used to retard dete-rioration caused by oxidation. F17apparent densitythe weight per unit volu
38、me of a materialincluding voids inherent in the material as tested. F17DISCUSSIONThe term bulk density is commonly used for materialsuch as molding powder.approving authoritythe individual official, board, depart-ment, or agency established and authorized by a state,county, city, or other political
39、subdivision, created by law toadminister and enforce specified requirements.artificial weatheringexposure to laboratory conditions,which may be cyclic, involving temperature, relative humid-ity, radiant energy, or any other conditions or pollutantsfound in the atmosphere in various geographical area
40、s; orboth. F17DISCUSSIONThe interlaboratory exposure conditions are usuallyintensified beyond those encountered in actual outdoor exposure in anattempt to achieve an accelerated effect.backfillall material used to fill the trench from bedding tofinished surface. F17.65 F 449, F 1668backfill, finalma
41、terial used to fill the trench from initialbackfill to finished surface. F17backfill, initialmaterial used to fill the trench from top ofbedding to a designated height over the pipe. F17backfill, pipe zonesee pipe zone backfill.backfill, unconsolidatednoncompacted material in place intrench. F17beam
42、 loadingthe application of a load to a pipe between twopoints of support, usually expressed in newtons (or pounds-force) and the distance between the centers of the supports.F17bedding, nmaterials placed in the bottom of the trench ontop of the foundation soil which provides stable bottomsupport for
43、 buried pipe including the trench bottom groovesupport angle or select material placed around the pipe, andenvelope or filter materials where used during insulation.F17.65 F 449, F 1668bedding, vplacement of support materials for buried pipe.F17bell-and-spigot jointsee joint, bell-and-spigot gasket.
44、bell endthe enlarged portion of a pipe that resembles thesocket portion of a fitting and that is intended to be used tomake a joint. F17benda fitting either molded separately or formed from pipefor the purpose of accommodating a directional change.F17DISCUSSIONAlso called ell, elbow,orsweep. Bends g
45、enerally implyfittings of relatively shorter radii than sweeps.beveled pipea pipe with an end chamfered to mate or adjustto another surface or to assist in assembly. F17binder, nin a reinforced plastic, the continuous phase whichholds together the reinforcement. D20 D 883DISCUSSIONDuring fabrication
46、, the binder, which may be eitherthermoplastic or thermoset, usually undergoes a change in state.blindingthe placement of soil, bedding material over and onthe sides of the pipe, tubing or envelope to ensure propergrade, alignment, support, and protection of pipe duringbackfilling and after installa
47、tion. F17.65 F 449blister, nan imperfection, a rounded elevation of the surfaceof a plastic, with boundaries that may be more or less sharplydefined, somewhat resembling in shape a blister on thehuman skin. D20 D 883bloom, na visible exudation or efflorescence on the surfaceof a material. D20 D 883b
48、low moldinga method of fabrication in which a heatedparison (hollow tube) is forced into the shape of a moldcavity by internal gas pressure. D20 D 883blowing agenta compounding ingredient used to producegas by chemical or thermal action, or both, in manufacture ofhollow or cellular articles. D20 D 8
49、83brittle failurea pipe failure mode which exhibits no visible(to the naked eye) permanent material deformation (stretch-ing, elongation, or necking down) in the area of the break.F17.40 F 1473building drainthat part of the lowest horizontal piping of adrainage system that receives the discharge from soil, waste,and other drainage pipes inside the walls of the building andconveys it to the building sewer beyond the foundation wallsof the building or structure. F17F412073DISCUSSIONThe
