1、Designation: F 444 88 (Reapproved 2004)e1Standard Consumer Safety Specification forScald-Preventing Devices and Systems in Bathing Areas1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 444; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEUpdated warning note in 6.2.2.1 and added keywords editorially in August 2004.INTRODUCTIONThis con
3、sumer safety specification addresses certain hazards in connection with bathtub areas asidentified by the Abt Associates, Inc., final report, “A Systematic Program to Reduce the Incidence andSeverity of Bathtub and Shower Area Injuries,” June 4, 1975, to the U.S. Consumer Product SafetyCommission (C
4、PSC).2This consumer safety specification is directed towards scalds. The general requirements of thisspecification are intended to establish a maximum allowable discharge temperature and to provide forautomatic compensation if that temperature is exceeded.This specification establishes the necessary
5、 requirements to ensure safety from scalds for both thenormal user capacity and limited user capacity of some aged, infirm, or young. These requirements canbe attained through the utilization of devices, series of devices, or plumbing system designs that areavailable in the marketplace. Many of thes
6、e devices are applicable to both new construction andretrofit installations. Specifications for the reliability and testing of these devices and systems areavailable in most cases from organizations such as the American National Standards Institute or theAmerican Society of Sanitary Engineering.1. S
7、cope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers scald-preventing devices and systems delivering water in bathingareas.1.2 This specification establishes the minimum performancerequirements for the devices and systems to minimize the risksassociated with the hazards of scalds.2. Terminology2.1 bath
8、ing areabathing space that consists of a tub,tub-shower, or shower stall bounded by four walls, real orimaginary, extending vertically to the ceiling from the outsideedge of the tub or stall.2.2 check valvevalve designed to allow the flow of waterin one direction only.2.3 devicepiece of equipment or
9、 mechanism designed toserve a special purpose or perform a special function.2.4 mixing valvedevice for mixing cold and hot water toproduce an intermediate temperature as required, either manu-ally, pressure-equalizing, or thermostatically controlled, andwhich is adjustable manually or by other means
10、.2.5 safety shut-off devicemaximum temperature-limitingdevice that reduces the flow of water to a specified amount.2.6 scaldfirst-, second-, or third-degree burn injurycaused by the contact of hot water on the skin.2.7 stop-check valvevalve designed to allow the flow ofwater in one direction only an
11、d which also has the capability tocontrol the supply of water.2.8 stop valvevalve used for the control of water supply.2.9 water outletdischarge opening through which water issupplied to a bathing area.3. Compliance3.1 No device or system produced after the approval date ofthis consumer safety speci
12、fication shall either by label or othermeans indicate compliance with this specification unless itconforms to all requirements contained herein.4. Materials4.1 The materials used in the scald-preventing devices orsystems shall conform to the following:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of
13、 ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.03 onSafety Standards for Bathtub and Shower Structures.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 444 88 (1999).2Av
14、ailable from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330East-West Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.1 All parts, external or internal, shall be capable ofresisting deterioration in
15、the environment to which they areexposed to the degree that the intended performance of thedevice or system will not be adversely affected.4.1.2 Any materials in contact with the water flowingthrough the device or system that can contaminate the water sothat it is injurious to humans are unacceptabl
16、e.5. General Requirements5.1 The scald-preventing devices or systems shall meet thefollowing minimum requirements:5.1.1 The maximum allowable temperature at the wateroutlet to the bathing area shall be 120F (49C) or, if thetemperature of the water discharging from the water outlet ofthe devices or s
17、ystems exceeds 120F, the flow shall automati-cally be reduced to 0.5 gal/min in5sorless.5.1.2 The devices or systems shall be so constructed thatwhen repair is required, it can be effected without disturbingthe piping supply system.5.1.3 Devices or systems shall withstand, without damageor impairmen
18、t of the performance capabilities, a supply pres-sure of 125 psi (862 kPa).6. Instructions6.1 Installers Instructions:6.1.1 Full instructions for installing, adjusting, and main-taining, where required, shall be packaged with each device orsystem.6.1.2 The instructions to installers should prominent
19、ly dis-play the fact that responsibility for installation and adjustmentin accordance with the manufacturers instructions lies with theinstaller.6.1.3 At the time of installation, the installer shall follow themanufacturers instructions for proper installation and adjust-ment of the unit. In additio
20、n, with mixing valves the instruc-tions shall state the following:6.1.3.1 When not equipped with an integral shut-off or whenthere is a shut-off installed after the mixing valve, there shall bestop and check valves on the inlets or in the water distributionpiping to the mixing valve. On multiple ins
21、tallations whenequipped with integral shut-off, there shall be service stopvalves on the inlets.6.1.4 Instructions for adjusting devices or systems, whererequired, shall include information on temperature settingsbased on cold-water variations and hot-water capabilities as aguide to allow the instal
22、ler to properly set the maximumwater-outlet temperature.NOTE 1The installer should also affix his name and company affili-ation to the warning note in 6.2.2.1.6.2 Users Instructions:6.2.1 Instructions that describe the operation of the unit andany care requirements necessary to maintain the device o
23、rsystem shall be applied or attached to the device or system bythe installer for the user.6.2.2 The user instructions shall contain the followingwarning:6.2.2.1 WarningThis device/system has been preset by(to be filled in by the installer) to ensure safe, maximumtemperature. Any change in the settin
24、g may raise the dischargetemperature above the limit considered safe and lead to scalds.7. Marking7.1 Temperature-Control Marking Identification:7.1.1 Single-Handle DevicesSingle-handle, adjustable de-vices shall have identifiable control markings, such as cold andhot in letters or graphic identific
25、ation, and shall indicate thedirection of knob or handle rotation to regulate the tempera-ture. Markings shall be clear and permanent.7.1.2 Dual-Handle DevicesDual-handle, adjustable de-vices shall have color, letter, or graphic markings that willidentify the hot and cold handles. Markings shall be
26、clear andpermanent.7.1.3 Safety Shut-Off DevicesSafety shut-off devices, foruse on any valve, shall have the maximum operating tempera-ture and operating instructions clearly defined in an accompa-nying instruction sheet. Markings shall be clear and permanent.7.2 GeneralAll devices shall bear the fo
27、llowing mark-ings:7.2.1 Manufacturers name or trademark,7.2.2 Water temperature marking as in 7.1, and7.2.3 Direction of movement of the control knob or handlein accordance with 7.1.1 or 7.1.2.8. Keywords8.1 bathing; discharge temperature; flow; safety; scaldpreventionASTM International takes no pos
28、ition respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibil
29、ity.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to AS
30、TM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address
31、 shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 444 88 (2004)e12
