1、Designation: F477 10F477 14 An American National StandardStandard Specification forElastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F477; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specifi
3、cation covers elastomeric seals (gaskets) used to seal the joints of plastic pipe used for gravity, low-pressure, andhigh-pressure applications. This refers to push-on joints which require no internal or external pressure to effect the initial seal.1.2 Requirements are given for natural or synthetic
4、 rubber gaskets, or a combination of both.1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notesand footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.4 The values st
5、ated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this
6、specification:This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to
7、use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompression SetD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTensionD471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD518 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurface Cracking (Withdrawn 2007
8、)3D573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an Air OvenD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1149 Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationCracking in an Ozone Controlled EnvironmentD1229 Test Method for Rubber PropertyCompression Set at Low TemperaturesD1349 Practice for RubberStandard Conditions for
9、 TestingD1414 Test Methods for Rubber O-RingsD1415 Test Method for Rubber PropertyInternational HardnessD1566 Terminology Relating to RubberD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessF913 Specification for Thermoplastic Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe2.2 NSF Standard
10、s:Standard No. 14 for Plastic Piping Components and Related Materials4Standard No. 61 for Drinking Water Systems Components-Health Effects43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms relating to rubber or elastomer shall be as defined in Terminology D1566. Terms relating to plastics shallbe as defined in Ter
11、minology D883.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining.Current edition approved March 15, 2010Sept. 15, 2014. Published May 2010December 2014. Originally published as approved in
12、1976. Last previous edition approvedin 20082010 as F477 08.F477 10. DOI: 10.1520/F0477-10.10.1520/F0477-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standa
13、rds Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48113-0140, http:/www.nsf.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intend
14、ed only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current
15、 versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2 Definitions of Terms Specific
16、to This Standard:3.2.1 sealing portion of the gasketany part of the elastomeric material that is in deformation which provides seals betweenthe bell and spigot of adjoining sections of pipe.4. Composition and Manufacture4.1 All gaskets shall be extruded or molded in such a manner that any cross sect
17、ion will be dense, homogeneous, and free ofporosity, blisters, pitting, or other defects that make them unfit for the use intended. The gasket shall be fabricated from ahigh-grade elastomer material. The basic polymer shall be natural rubber, synthetic rubber, a blend of both, or a thermoplasticelas
18、tomer, meeting the requirements prescribed in Sections 5 and 6.4.2 Where a splice is used in the manufacture of the gasket, the strength shall be such that the gasket shall withstand 100 %elongation over the part of the gasket which includes the splice with no visible separation of the splice. While
19、 in a stretchedposition the gasket shall be rotated in the spliced area a minimum of 180 in each direction in order to inspect for separation. Inaddition, any portion of the splice shall be capable of passing a bend test without visible separation. The bend test for circulargaskets is defined as wra
20、pping the portion of the unstretched gasket containing the splice a minimum of 180 and a maximum of270 around a rod of a diameter equal to the cross section diameter of the gasket.5. Dimensions and Tolerances5.1 When in its final assembled position, the gasket shall not be stretched more than 30 % o
21、f its original circumference.NOTE 1Excessive stretch may have deleterious effect on rubber gaskets, the minimum stretch compatible with the proper performance of the gasketshould be used at all times.5.2 The gaskets shall conform to the dimensions specified by the manufacturer of the pipe or fitting
22、s, with which the gasketsare to be used, with a Rubber Manufacturers Association Class 3 tolerance on all cross section dimensions, and 61 % on alldiametrical dimensions, unless otherwise agreed upon by the pipe or fitting manufacturer and the purchaser.5.3 For molded gaskets or gasket material, the
23、 permissible flash shall be a maximum of +0.032 in. (0.80 mm). Maximum moldmismatch shall not exceed 0.010 in. (0.25 mm).6. Physical Requirements6.1 Standard Gasket requirementsThe sealing portion of the gaskets shall comply with the physical requirements listed inTable 1 for thermoset elastomers or
24、 Table 2 for thermoplastic elastomers, when tested in accordance with the methods in Section7.6.1.1 Oil resistant gaskets requirementsThe sealing portion of the gaskets shall not contain less than 50% by volume oilresistant polymer and shall meet the physical requirements listed in Table 3, when tes
25、ted in accordance with the methods in Section7.NOTE 2Some gaskets incorporate a high durometer elastomeric or nonelastomeric, that is, metal or plastic material, as a reinforcement or retainingTABLE 1 Physical Requirements for Elastomeric Seals forPlastic PipeTestsLow-HeadApplication(Below 150kPa or
26、 50-ftHead)High-HeadApplication(150 kPa or50-ft Headand Above)Original Properties:Tensile strength, min, psi (MPa) 1200 (8.3) 2000 (13.8)AElongation, min, % 325 400Hardness, Type A durometer 40 to 60 40 to 60Low-temperature hardness, Type A duro-meter, max increase, points15 15Compression set, max %
27、 25 20Ozone resistance no cracks no cracksAccelerated Aging (Air Oven Test):Decrease in tensile strength, max % oforignal15 15Decrease in elongation, max % of original 20 20Hardness, Type A durometer, max increase,points8 8After Water Immersion:Change in volume max % 5 5AFor EPDM and nitrile seals,
28、tensile strength min. psi (MPa) is 1500 (10.3).F477 142feature, or both. These materials do not alter the physical properties of the sealing portion of the gasket and should not be tested as such, or expectedto meet the material requirements listed in Table 1.NOTE 3The gasket manufacturer should be
29、assured that materials used for retaining or reinforcement, or both, do not encroach upon the sealingsurfaces of the gasket, and have physical properties which ensure adequate longevity for the anticipated usage.6.1.2 HardnessThe TypeAdurometer average hardness specified by the manufacturer shall be
30、 within the range given in Table1 and Table 3 for thermoset elastomers or Table 2 for thermoplastic elastomers. Gaskets are required to have the TypeAdurometerhardness specified, 6 5 points.6.2 Elastomer compounds must be non-crazing to pipe. The gasket in the cured state shall not cause craze marks
31、, pits, or blisterswhen in contact with the plastic pipe. Staining of the plastic pipe in the area of gasket contact is acceptable. Test in accordancewith 7.9 to qualify elastomer compound for pipe made from the plastic polymer in question.6.3 Where the particular joint design utilizing a rubber gas
32、ket dictates the use of a lubricant to facilitate assembly, the lubricantshall be of such composition which will in no way damage the gasket or pipe due to prolonged exposure.TABLE 2 Physical Requirements for Thermoplastic ElastomericSeals for Plastic PipeLow-HeadApplication(Below 150kPa or 50-ftHea
33、d)High-HeadApplication(150 kPa or50-ft Headand Above)Original Properties:Tensile strength, min, psi (MPa) 435 (3.0) 500 (3.5)100 % modulus, min, psi (MPa) 200 (1.4) 280 (1.9)Elongation, min, % 350 350Hardness, Type A durometer 40 to 70 40 to 70Low-temperature hardness, Type Adurometer, max increase,
34、 points10 10Compression set, max % 25 20Ozone resistance no cracks no cracksAccelerated Aging (Air Oven Test):Decrease in tensile strength, max % oforiginal15 15Decrease in elongation, max % of original 15 15Hardness, Type A durometer, max change,points5 5After Water Immersion:Change in volume max %
35、 4 4Force DecayRemaining stress, min,%40 50TABLE 3 Physical Requirements for Oil Resistant ElastomericSeals for Plastic PipeLow-HeadApplication(Below 150kPa or 50-ftHead)High-HeadApplication(150 kPa or50-ft Headand Above)Original Properties:Tensile strength, min, psi (MPa) 1200 (8.3) 1500 (10.3)Elon
36、gation, min, % 325 350Hardness, Type A durometer 40 to 60 40 to 60Low-temperature hardness, Type Adurometer, max increase, points15 15Compression set, max % 25 20Ozone resistance no cracks no cracksAccelerated Aging (Air Oven Test):Decrease in tensile strength, max % oforiginal15 15Decrease in elong
37、ation, max % of original 20 20Hardness, Type A durometer, max change,points8 8After Water Immersion:Change in volume max % 10 10Liquid immersion IRM 903 Oil Max %volume change50 50F477 1437. Test Methods7.1 Perform laboratory tests to determine the physical properties of the gaskets to be furnished
38、under this specification on: (1)the finished product as supplied, (2) test specimens taken from the finished product, or (3) from specimens of fabrication of thesame elastomeric compound, and in accordance with the appropriate ASTM standard. (See Practice D1349.)7.2 Tensile Strength and ElongationDe
39、termine tensile strength, 100 % modulus, and elongation in accordance with TestMethods D412 or D1414 for O-rings.7.3 HardnessDetermine the durometer, TypeA, of the gasket in accordance with Test Method D2240 or Test Methods D1414for O-rings. (See Test Method D1415.)7.4 Low-Temperature HardnessMeasur
40、e the durometer, Type A, of the gasket in accordance with Test Method D2240 or TestMethods D1414 for O-rings after conditioning for 22 h at +14 6 4F (10 6 2C) to determine the change in hardness.7.5 Compression SetDetermine the compression set in accordance with Method B of Test Methods D395 or D141
41、4 forO-rings. Test temperature and time shall be 22 h at 158 6 4F(70 6 2C ), with a 25 % deflection of the test specimens. (See TestMethod D1229.)7.6 Accelerated AgingAge specimens for physical test in accordance with Test Method D573. (See Test Method D518.)7.6.1 Age physical test specimens for 96
42、h at 158 6 4F (70 6 2C).7.7 Water ImmersionDetermine the change in volume in accordance with Test Method D471 or Test Methods D1414 forO-rings.7.7.1 The temperature shall be 1586 4F (70 6 2C), and the immersion period shall be 48 h.7.7.2 Immediately after removal from the water, blot the specimens,
43、weigh, and calculate the volume increase in accordancewith Test Method D471.7.8 Oil ImmersionDetermine resistance to oil by calculating % volume change after immersing product specimen in ASTMIRM 903 oil for 212 6 4 F (70 h at 100 6 2 C) in accordance with Test Method D471.7.9 Ozone ResistanceDeterm
44、ine the gaskets resistance to ozone in accordance with Test Method D1149.7.9.1 Conduct test for 70 h in 50 pphm concentration at 104 6 4F (40 6 2C) with specimens stressed to 20 % extension.7.10 Determine elastomer compound effect on pipe (6.2) by the following procedure:7.10.1 The specimen shall be
45、 a gasket or a part of a gasket that will fit within the test fixture shown in Fig. 1.7.10.2 The fixture for the test shall be as described for the compression set test in Method B of Test Methods D395 with a plateof plastic adjoining the interior surfaces of the compression plates (see Fig. 1).7.10
46、.3 Make liner bearing plates of plastic with a minimum wall thickness of 0.120 in. (3.0 mm) to fit the interior surfaces ofthe fixtures compression plates.7.10.3.1 Form the plastic bearing plate from like plastic material by cutting and pressing pipe at a workable stressrelievingtemperature not to e
47、xceed that required to form a gasket race.7.10.4 Set the test apparatus up as in the compression set test in accordance with Method B of Test Methods D395 with theplastic bearing plate in place.7.10.5 Age the specimens under load for 96 h at 158 6 4F (70 6 2C).7.10.6 Let the specimens cool in the fi
48、xture for 24 h at 70 to 77F (21 to 25C).7.10.7 Upon release, inspect the plastic bearing plate surface that has been in contact with the elastomeric compound for cracks,craze marks, pits, or blisters (6.2).FIG. 1 Device for Test of Elastomeric Compound Effect on PlasticF477 1447.11 Force Decay (Stre
49、ss Relaxation)Determine force decay in accordance with thermoplastic elastomer force decay test asoutlined in Specification F913.8. Rejection8.1 The rubber gaskets shall be subject to rejection whenever they show surface checking, weathering, or other deteriorationprior to installation.9. Certification9.1 At the option of the purchaser, certified copies of test reports on the elastomer from which the shipment of gaskets was madeshall be furnished by the gasket supplier.10. Storage10.1 The rubber gaskets shall be stored in a
