1、Designation: F510 93 (Reapproved 2008)F510/F510M 13Standard Test Method forResistance to Abrasion of Resilient Floor Coverings Usingan Abrader with a Grit Feed Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F510;F510/F510M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theye
2、ar of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Depart
3、ment of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method2 covers thedescribes a laboratory procedure for determining the abrasion resistance of resilient flooringusing an abrader with a grit feeder.31.2 The equipment used in this test method is a modification of the Taber abraser. The regular ceramicabrading wh
4、eels arereplaced by leather clad brass rollers. A wheels (rollers). As the specimen holder rotates, a grit-feeding device feeds 240-meshaluminum oxide grit onto the specimen before it passes under the leather clad rollers. brass wheels. Using the exhaustvacuumsystem incorporated in the apparatus, th
5、e used grit and abraded material are continuously removed after passing under bothrollers.wheels.1.3 This test method employs a rotary, rubbing action caused by the dualloose abrasive grit and the two abrading wheels. Onewheel rubs the specimen from the center outward and the other from the outside
6、toward the center. The wheels traverse a completecircle and have an abrasive action on the rotating specimen at all angles. It is felt that thisThis action approaches the twisting actionbetween shoe and floor that occurs when a person turns. The use of loose grit serves the function of an abradant a
7、nd also aids inthe rolling action felt to be characteristic of normal walking.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of th
8、e other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health pra
9、ctices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D1860 Test Method for Moisture and Creosote-Type Preservative in Wood (Withdrawn 2006)5D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displace
10、mentE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot orProcessE171G195 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier PackagingGuide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a RotaryPlatform Abraser1 This test method is under t
11、he jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on Resilient Floor Coveringsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.30 on Test Methods- Performance.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2008December 2013. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved i
12、n 20042008as F51093(2004).F51093(2008). DOI: 10.1520/F0510-93R08.10.1520/F0510_F0510M-13.2 This test method is described by W. E. Irwin in “Development of a Method to Measure Wear on Resilient Flooring,” Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol 4, No. 1,January 1976, pp. 1520.3 This grit feed method i
13、s frequently referred to as the “Frick Grit Feed Method” because it is based on work done by Otto F. V. Frick as described in “Studies of Wearon Flooring Materials,” Wear, Vol 14, 1969, pp. 119131.4 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at
14、 serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.5 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user
15、 of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as
16、published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 ANSI Standard:B74.12 Checking the Size of Abrasive Grain for Grinding Wheels, Polishing, and General Industrial Uses63. Te
17、rminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 abrasionof resilient floor coverings, a form of wear, in which a gradual removing of a flooring surface is caused by thefrictional action of relatively fine hard particles.3.1.2 resistance to abrasion of resilient floor coverings, the ability of a material to withstand
18、 mechanical actions of relativelyfine hard particles, which by rubbing, scraping, and eroding remove material from a floor covering surface.4. Significance and Use4.1 When subjected to normal in-use traffic conditions, a flooring material is exposed to abrasion caused by the destructiveaction of fin
19、e hard particles. This situation occurs whenever a particle-polluted intermediate layer loose debris, dirt and otherparticulate matter exists between traffic bodies (that is, shoes and a flooring surface). Under continuing exposure to an “abrasiveaction,” a flooring material may suffer a thickness l
20、oss sufficient to reduce its service life.4.2 Abrasion resistance measurements of resilient floor coverings can be complicated since the resistance to abrasion is affectedby many factors. One of these is These may include the physical properties of the material in the floor covering surface, particu
21、larlyits hardness and resilience. The resilience; type and degree of added substances, such as fillers and pigments, can also affectabrasion resistance. pigments; surface characteristics of the specimen, such as type, depth, and amount of embossing. It can alsobe affected by conditions of the test (
22、for example, test, including the type and characteristics of the abradant and how it acts onthe area of the specimen being abraded, including the development and dissipation of heat during the test cycle). The surfacecharacteristics of the specimen, such as type, depth, and amount of embossing, can
23、likewise affect the abrasion resistance ofresilient floorings.abraded; pressure between the specimen and leather clad brass wheels; and vacuum suction.4.3 This test method is designed to simulate one kind of abrasive action and abradant that a flooring may encounter in the field.However, results sho
24、uld not be used as an absolute index of ultimate life because, as noted, there are too many factors andinteractions to consider. Also involved are the many different types of service locations. Therefore, the data from this test methodare of value chiefly in the development of materials and should n
25、ot be used without qualifications as a basis for commercialcomparisons.6 Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.FIG. 1 Taber Abraser with Grit FeederF510/F510M 1325. Apparatus5.1 Apparatus,Apparatus7, as shown in Fig. 1, shall consist of
26、 the following:5.1.1 Abraser, as described in Guide G195.5.1.2 Feeder attachment, for the abraser.5.1.2 S-39 Leather-covered brass wheels7, Leather-coveredthe brass wheelshub shall have a diameter of 1.75 in. (4.44 cm),4.44cm 1.75 in., and the width shall be 0.50 in. (1.27 cm);1.27 cm 0.50 in.; weig
27、ht of the brass wheelhub shall be 5.11 oz (145 g).145g 5.11 oz. Width of the leather covering shall be 0.50 in. (1.27 cm),1.27 cm 0.50 in., and the weight of the leather strip shallbe 0.202 oz (5 g).5 g 0.202 oz. The minimum diameter of the leather covered brass wheel shall be 46 mm 1 1316 in.5.1.3
28、Vacuum unit7, Vacuum unit,or equivalent, and a an optional water trap as shown in Fig. 2. The purpose of the water trapis to protect the vacuum equipment motor, reduce the need to empty the vacuum bag frequently, and minimize readjustment ofspeed. The inlet pipe to the water trap should be far enoug
29、h away from the water surface so that undue turbulence is avoided andwater does not enter the exhaust line.5.1.4 Grit Feeding Device7, Speed control, or equivalent, for consisting of a storage reservoir for the aluminum oxide grit, gritdistribution nozzle, speed control for adjusting grit feed rate.
30、rate, and vacuum pick-up nozzle.5.2 S-41 Aluminum Oxide Grit7, 240 aluminum oxide grit, ANSI B74.12.5.3 Conditioning Room, Sieve, providing the standard laboratory atmosphere of 50 6 5 % relative humidity at a temperatureof 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) in accordance with Specification No. 80 180 m.E171.5.4
31、 Equipment, for determining specific gravity.5.5 Analytical Balance, for weighing specimens to a precision of 0.001 g.5.6 Die or Knife, for cutting specimens to designated size.5.7 Sieve, No. 80 (180 m).5.7 Oven, to dry grit by heating at 180F (82C).82C 180F.5.8 Static Eliminator Brush.6. Test Speci
32、mens6.1 Specimen ThicknessThe standard material thickness that can be evaluated with the Taber abraser is 6.35 mm 0.25 in. orless. For materials thicker than 6.35 mm 0.25 in. but less than 12.7 mm 0.50 in., an extension nut such as type S-217 orequivalent may be used.6.2 Specimen SizeThe test specim
33、en shall measure 4 6width of the resulting wear path is 12.7 mm 0.50 in. and is located31.75 mm 1.25 in. from the center of the specimen. For most rigid materials, a sample approximately 100 mm 4 in. square isrecommended. If the material is flexible and can be lifted by the vacuum nozzle, a round sp
34、ecimen approximately 100 mm 4 132by 4 6in. in diameter is 132 in. (101.60 6 0.8 by 101.60 6 0.8 mm). suggested to permit the use of the specimen table hold downring. A 14 66.5 mm 164-in. (6.25 6 0.4-mm)0.25 in. diameter hole is drilled through the precise center of the specimen to allowfastening to
35、the specimen holder.7 The sole source of supply of the Part No. S-38, Taber model 530 or 5130 abraser, and Model 155 grit feeder attachment (Part No. 0503-00-0155), and top-grade beltleather (Part No. S-39) apparatus known to the committee at this time is Teledyne Taber Corp.,Industries, 455 Bryant
36、St., North Tonawanda, NY 14120. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technicalcommittee, which you may attend.F510/F510M 1336.3 The required number of specimens
37、 for each test shall be indicated in the material specification. If no number is given, foursamples shall be taken from the material and one determination made on each. The average of the four or otherwise specifiedmeasurements shall be taken as the abrasion loss for the material.7. Calibration and
38、Standardization7.1 Adjust the abrader with the grit feeder for proper operation using cast acrylic sheet7 as such as S-38 standardization platesas the standard material. The equipment, when running properly, shall produce an average weight loss of 127.5 6 10 mg for fourspecimens and 127.5 6 18 mg fo
39、r an individual test at 2000 revolutions (Note 12). Operation of the equipment for calibration shallbe as described in Section 9, except that specific gravity will not need to be determined.NOTE 1Prior to use, the leather clad wheels must be broken in. To do this, subject the wheels to an initial te
40、st of 2000 cycles on an S-38standardization plate with results to be discarded.NOTE 2If the desired weight loss is not obtained, check on the following: grit feed rate, path of the grit, removal of the grit, condition of the leatheron the wheels, free rotation of wheel bearings, specimen slippage, s
41、tatic charge effects, humidity control, faulty revolution counter, and weighing errors.8. Conditioning8.1 For those tests where conditioning is required, condition the specimens at 73.423 6 3.6F (232C 73.4 6 2C)3.6F and50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than 40 h prior to test in accordance wit
42、h Practice D1860.8.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of 73.423 6 3.6F (232C 73.4 6 2C)3.6F and50 6 5 % relative humidity unless otherwise specified in the test method.agreed upon by the interested parties.9. Procedure9.1 Determine the specific gravity of the materi
43、al to be tested in accordance with standard analytical procedures, such as MethodA-1 or A-2 in Test Methods D792. If the specimen as received is not homogeneous but possesses a surface that differs from thebody or core, determine the specific gravity of the surface alone. If abrasion is to be carrie
44、d beyond the surface of the body, alsodetermine the specific gravity of the latter and calculate and report the abrasion resistance of the two components separately.9.2 Screen the grit through a U.S. Standard Sieve No. 80 (180 m)180 m and dry for 1 h at 180F.82C 180F. Allow thegrit to cool in a temp
45、erature and humidity controlled room prior to use.9.3 Fill the grit reservoir with grit and swing the feeder out away from the abrader. Allow the feeder to run for 15 to 20 minso that the apparatus comes to running temperature. grit. Adjust the rate of feed to 3506 350 6 50 mg per 100 specimenrevolu
46、tion.revolutions. The feed rate may be measured by holding a tared petri dish under the nozzle of the grit feeder for 100 ormore specimen revolutions and weighing the amount of grit delivered. The feed rate may be controlled by adjusting the motorspeed. Shutdown time should be no more than 1 min to
47、minimize the effects of cooling. If a shutdown in excess of 1 min occurs,allow the feeder to run for 5 min and recheck the grit feed rate. The collected grit may be returned to the grit reservoir. It issuggested that the grit feed rate check be made after every third run.9.4 When the specimens have
48、been prepared and conditioned, brush with the static eliminator and record the initial values forweight to the nearest 0.001 g. Handle samples with care to eliminate contact with moisture from the hands or other environmentalcontact.9.5 Place the specimen face up over the rubber mat on the turntable
49、 platform. Secure the specimen to the specimen disk. Somesamples, particularly those containing a foam layer, tend to slip on the rotating table. Such slippage can be prevented by drillinga hole through the washer under the holding screw into the table and inserting a pin through a hole in the sample into the table.NOTE 1A vacuum-tight seal between the cover and jar is not required.FIG. 2 Water TrapF510/F510M 134This will prevent slippage of the sample and ensure that the sample and table make the sam
