1、Designation: F510/F510M 13F510/F510M 14Standard Test Method forResistance to Abrasion of Resilient Floor Coverings Usingan Abrader with a Grit Feed Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F510/F510M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original ad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defe
3、nse.1. Scope1.1 This test method2 describes a laboratory procedure for determining the abrasion resistance of resilient flooring using anabrader with a grit feeder.31.2 The equipment used in this test method is a modification of the Taber abraser. The regular abrading wheels are replaced byleather c
4、lad brass wheels (rollers).As the specimen holder rotates, a grit-feeding device feeds 240-mesh aluminum oxide grit ontothe specimen before it passes under the leather clad brass wheels. Using the vacuum system incorporated in the apparatus, the usedgrit and abraded material are removed after passin
5、g under both wheels.1.3 This test method employs a rotary, rubbing action caused by loose abrasive grit and the two abrading wheels. One wheelrubs the specimen from the center outward and the other from the outside toward the center. The wheels traverse a complete circleand have an abrasive action o
6、n the rotating specimen at all angles. This action approaches the twisting action between shoe andfloor that occurs when a person turns. The use of loose grit serves the function of an abradant and also aids in the rolling actioncharacteristic of normal walking.1.4 The values stated in either SI uni
7、ts or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does
8、 not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standar
9、ds:4D1860 Test Method for Moisture and Creosote-Type Preservative in Wood (Withdrawn 2006)5D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by DisplacementE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristi
10、c of a Lot orProcessG195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser2.2 ANSI Standard:B74.12 Checking the Size of Abrasive Grain for Grinding Wheels, Polishing, and General Industrial Uses53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee
11、 F06 on Resilient Floor Coveringsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.30 on Test Methods- Performance.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013May 1, 2014. Published December 2013June 2014. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 asF51093(2008).F51013. DOI
12、: 10.1520/F0510_F0510M-13.10.1520/F0510_F0510M-14.2 This test method is described by W. E. Irwin in “Development of a Method to Measure Wear on Resilient Flooring,” Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol 4, No. 1,January 1976, pp. 1520.3 This grit feed method is frequently referred to as the “Frick
13、Grit Feed Method” because it is based on work done by Otto F. V. Frick as described in “Studies of Wearon Flooring Materials,” Wear, Vol 14, 1969, pp. 119131.4 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AS
14、TM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.5 Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard
15、an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is
16、to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1 abrasionof resilient floor coverings, a form of wear, in which a gradual removing of a flooring surface is caused by thefrictional action of
17、relatively fine hard particles.3.1.2 resistance to abrasion of resilient floor coverings, the ability of a material to withstand mechanical actions of relativelyfine hard particles, which by rubbing, scraping, and eroding remove material from a floor covering surface.4. Significance and Use4.1 When
18、subjected to normal in-use traffic conditions, a flooring material is exposed to abrasion caused by the destructiveaction of fine hard particles. This situation occurs whenever loose debris, dirt and other particulate matter exists between trafficbodies (that is, shoes and a flooring surface). Under
19、 continuing exposure to an “abrasive action,” a flooring material may suffera thickness loss sufficient to reduce its service life.4.2 Abrasion resistance measurements of resilient floor coverings can be complicated since the resistance to abrasion is affectedby many factors. These may include the p
20、hysical properties of the material in the floor covering surface, particularly its hardnessand resilience; type and degree of added substances, such as fillers and pigments; surface characteristics of the specimen, such astype, depth, and amount of embossing. It can also be affected by conditions of
21、 the test, including the type and characteristics ofthe abradant and how it acts on the area of the specimen being abraded; pressure between the specimen and leather clad brasswheels; and vacuum suction.4.3 This test method is designed to simulate one kind of abrasive action and abradant that a floo
22、ring may encounter in the field.However, results should not be used as an absolute index of ultimate life because, as noted, there are too many factors andinteractions to consider. Also involved are the many different types of service locations. Therefore, the data from this test methodare of value
23、chiefly in the development of materials and should not be used without qualifications as a basis for commercialcomparisons.5. Apparatus5.1 Apparatus6, as shown in Fig. 1, shall consist of the following:5.1.1 Abraser, as described in Guide G195.5.1.2 S-39 Leather-covered brass wheels6, the brass hub
24、shall have a diameter of 4.44 cm 1.75 in., and the width shall be 1.27cm 0.50 in.; weight of the brass hub shall be 145 g 5.11 oz. Width of the leather covering shall be 1.27 cm 0.50 in., and theweight of the leather strip shall be 5 g 0.202 oz. The minimum diameter of the leather covered brass whee
25、l shall be 46 mm 11316 in.6 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Taber Industries, 455 Bryant St., North Tonawanda, NY 14120. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive carefu
26、l consideration at a meeting of the responsible technicalcommittee, which you may attend.FIG. 1 Taber Abraser with Grit FeederF510/F510M 1425.1.3 Vacuum unit6, or equivalent, and an optional water trap as shown in Fig. 2. The purpose of the water trap is to protect thevacuum equipment motor, reduce
27、the need to empty the vacuum bag frequently, and minimize readjustment of speed. The inletpipe to the water trap should be far enough away from the water surface so that undue turbulence is avoided and water does notenter the exhaust line.5.1.4 Grit Feeding Device6, consisting of a storage reservoir
28、 for the aluminum oxide grit, grit distribution nozzle, speed controlfor adjusting grit feed rate, and vacuum pick-up nozzle.5.2 S-41 Aluminum Oxide Grit6, 240 aluminum oxide grit, ANSI B74.12. B74.12 unless otherwise specified by the interestedparties.5.3 S-38 Standardization Plates6, 100 mm 4.0 in
29、. square, cast acrylic sheet with a 7 mm 14 in. center hole.5.4 Sieve, No. 80 180 m.5.5 Equipment, for determining specific gravity.5.6 Analytical Balance, for weighing specimens to a precision of 0.001 g.5.7 Die or Knife, for cutting specimens to designated size.5.8 Oven, to dry grit by heating at
30、82C 180F.5.9 Static Eliminator Brush.6. Test Specimens6.1 Specimen ThicknessThe standard material thickness that can be evaluated with the Taber abraser is 6.35 mm 0.25 in. orless. For materials thicker than 6.35 mm 0.25 in. but less than 12.7 mm 0.50 in., an extension nut such as type S-216 orequiv
31、alent may be used.6.2 Specimen SizeThe width of the resulting wear path is 12.7 mm 0.50 in. and is located 31.75 mm 1.25 in. from the centerof the specimen. For most rigid materials, a sample approximately 100 mm 4 in. square is recommended. If the material is flexibleand can be lifted by the vacuum
32、 nozzle, a round specimen approximately 100 mm 4 in. in diameter is suggested to permit theuse of the specimen table hold down ring. A 6.5 mm 0.25 in. diameter hole is drilled through the precise center of the specimento allow fastening to the specimen holder.6.3 The required number of specimens for
33、 each test shall be indicated in the material specification. If no number is given, foursamples shall be taken from the material and one determination made on each. The average of the four or otherwise specifiedmeasurements shall be taken as the abrasion loss for the material.7. Calibration and Stan
34、dardization7.1 Verify the calibration of the abrader as directed by the equipment manufacturer (see Appendix X1).7.2 Adjust the abrader with the grit feeder for proper operation using cast acrylic sheet6 such as S-38 standardization plates asthe standard material. The equipment, when running properl
35、y, shall produce an average weight loss of 127.5 6 10 mg for fourspecimens and 127.5 6 18 mg for an individual test at 2000 revolutions (Note 23). Operation of the equipment for calibration shallbe as described in Section 9, except that specific gravity will not need to be determined.NOTE 1The avera
36、ge weight loss reported in 7.2 is based on S-41 aluminum oxide grit, and may not be applicable if other abrasive grits are used.NOTE 2Prior to use, the leather clad wheels must be broken in. To do this, subject the wheels to an initial test of 2000 cycles on an S-38standardization plate with results
37、 to be discarded.NOTE 3If the desired weight loss is not obtained, check on the following: grit feed rate, path of the grit, removal of the grit, condition of the leatherNOTE 1A vacuum-tight seal between the cover and jar is not required.FIG. 2 Water TrapF510/F510M 143on the wheels, free rotation of
38、 wheel bearings, specimen slippage, static charge effects, humidity control, faulty revolution counter, and weighing errors.8. Conditioning8.1 For those tests where conditioning is required, condition the specimens at 23 6 2C 73.4 6 3.6F and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity for not less than 40 h prior to
39、test in accordance with Practice test.D1860.8.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2C 73.4 6 3.6F and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity unless otherwise agreed upon by the interested parties.9. Procedure9.1 Determine the specific gravity of the material to be tested i
40、n accordance with standard analytical procedures, such as MethodA-1 or A-2 in Test Methods D792. If the specimen as received is not homogeneous but possesses a surface that differs from thebody or core, determine the specific gravity of the surface alone. If abrasion is to be carried beyond the surf
41、ace of the body, alsodetermine the specific gravity of the latter and calculate and report the abrasion resistance of the two components separately.9.2 Screen the grit through a U.S. Standard Sieve No. 80 180 m and dry for 1 h at 82C 180F. Allow the grit to cool ina temperature and humidity controll
42、ed room prior to use.9.3 Fill the grit reservoir with grit. Adjust the rate of feed to 35035 6 50 mg5 g per 100 specimen revolutions. The feed ratemay be measured by holding a tared petri dish under the nozzle of the grit feeder for 100 specimen revolutions and weighing theamount of grit delivered.
43、The feed rate may be controlled by adjusting the motor speed. The collected grit may be returned to thegrit reservoir. It is suggested that the grit feed rate check be made after every third run.9.4 When the specimens have been prepared and conditioned, brush with the static eliminator and record th
44、e initial values forweight to the nearest 0.001 g. Handle samples with care to eliminate contact with moisture from the hands or other environmentalcontact.9.5 Place the specimen face up over the rubber mat on the turntable platform. Secure the specimen using the clamp plate andnut. The hold down ri
45、ng may be used with circular specimens, to keep the specimen from lifting.9.6 Adjust the feeder nozzle so that it is no higher than 6.5 mm 0.25 in. above the specimen and so that the stream of gritdelivered will evenly cover the wear path generated by the wheels. This should be done prior to the sta
46、rt of the test.9.7 It is essential that the grit feeding device is positioned correctly such that the abrasive grit falls in the path of the wheels.The correct location of the feeder can be checked by collecting grit for one revolution on a calibration plate containing concentriccircles of various r
47、adii. The location of the grit pattern can then be compared with the wear path recorded on a poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) or other transparent plate.9.8 Place the 1000-g weights provided with the apparatus on each of the abraser arms. Fasten the leather-covered wheels to eacharm and lower to the
48、specimen surface. The leather rollers should be replaced when one third of the original thickness of the leatherclad is reached. This will occur in approximately 45 000 specimen revolutions.NOTE 4Accessory weight references are per arm (not combined), and include the mass of the pivoted arm.9.9 Posi
49、tion the grit removal vacuum nozzle and adjust the settings so that all grit will be removed after passing under thewheels.NOTE 5To ensure proper removal of grit during the test, regularly examine the condition of the vacuum pick-up nozzle and abrader vacuum hosefor holes or other types of damage. Replace if necessary.9.10 Adjust the counter to zero and start the machine.9.11 When the prescribed number of specimen revolutions have been reached, stop the machine, remove the specimen, cleanwith a filtered dry
