1、Designation: F 521 83 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Test Methods forBond Integrity of Transparent Laminates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 521; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover determination of the bondintegrity of transparent laminates. The laminates are usuallymade of two or
3、 more glass or hard plastic sheets held togetherby an elastomeric material. These test methods are intended toprovide a means of determining the strength of the bondbetween the glass or plastic and the elastomeric interlayerunder various mechanical or thermal loading conditions.1.2 The test methods
4、appear as follows:Test Methods SectionsTest Method AFlatwise Bond Tensile Strength 5-11Test Method BInterlaminar Shear Strength 12-17Test Method CCreep Rupture 18-25Test Method DThermal Exposure 26-301.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its
5、 use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 952 Test Method for Bond or Cohesive Strength of SheetPlastics and Ele
6、ctrical Insulating Materials2.2 ANSI Standard:B1.1 Standard for Unified Screw Threads33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 delaminationa visible separation between two lay-ers of bonded material.3.1.2 face pliestransparent glass or plastic outer materialsjoined together with an interlayer.3.1.3 inter
7、layertransparent material used as the bondingagent between two or more hard, transparent materials.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 number of pliesa three-ply laminate is one havingtwo transparent glass or plastic plies and one interlayer ply. Afive-ply laminate has three gla
8、ss or plastic plies and twointerlayer plies.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods provide a means to measure quan-titatively the bond integrity between the outer layers of thetransparency and the interlayer, or to measure the cohesiveproperties of the interlayer, under various loading condit
9、ions.4.2 These test methods provide empirical results useful forcontrol purposes, correlation with service results, and asquality control tests for acceptance of production parts.4.3 Test results obtained on small, laboratory-size samplesshown herein should be considered indicative of full-size part
10、capability, but not necessarily usable for design purposes.TEST METHOD AFLATWISE BOND TENSILESTRENGTH5. Summary of Test Method5.1 The bond is subjected to a mechanical load in a directionperpendicular to the plane of the bond. The adhesive orcohesive strength between the interlayer and the outer lay
11、ers(flatwise tensile strength) is determined, and expressed in termsof pascals (or pounds-force per square inch).6. Apparatus6.1 Metal BlocksA pair of 50-mm (2-in.) square metalblocks of 24 ST aluminum alloy, each having a maximumheight of 50 mm (2 in.). Each block shall have in one end ahole (see F
12、ig. 1) tapped 22.2 mm (78 in.) in accordance withANSI B1.1, to accommodate threaded 22.2-mm (78-in.) studsof convenient length (see Test Method D 952). Alternativemetal blocks may be made using an aluminum “T” section, cutto 50 mm (2 in.) square. A hole shall be drilled in the uprightsection of each
13、 “T” block (see Fig. 2) to accommodate a metalpin or holding device compatible with the test machine used.6.2 Testing MachineAny suitable machine of theconstant-rate-of-crosshead movement type. The testing ma-chine shall be equipped with the necessary drive mechanism1These test methods are under the
14、 jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 onAerospace and Aircraft and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.08 onTransparent Enclosures and Materials.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as F 521 83 (
15、1997).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (
16、ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.FIG. 1 Test Assembly for Flatwise Tensile Strength TestF 521 83 (2004)2for imparting to the crosshead a uniform, controlled velocityw
17、ith respect to the base. The testing machine shall also beequipped with a load-indicating mechanism capable of show-ing the total load applied to the test specimen. This mechanismshall be essentially free from inertial-lag at the specified rate oftesting and shall indicate the load with an accuracy
18、of 61.0 %of the indicated value, or better.6.3 AdhesiveAny suitable adhesive.47. Test Specimen7.1 The test specimen shall consist of a 50-mm (2-in.)square sample of laminate prepared in such a manner as toproduce smooth edges to minimize the possibility of edgechipping during testing. The thickness
19、of the specimen shall bethe thickness of the laminate. The upper and lower surfacesshall be parallel to each other and reasonably flat. Test fivespecimens.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Determine the cross-sectional area of the test specimenin a plane parallel to the surface.8.2 Gently abrade the bo
20、nding surfaces of the metal blocksand the specimen (except glasssee Note 1) using 200400grit paper or light sandblasting. Do not abrade the edges andcorners of the specimen or the metal blocks. Do not round thecorners.NOTE 1Do not abrade glass surfaces unless absolutely necessary toobtain adhesion t
21、o the thoroughly cleaned surface.8.3 Clean all contact surfaces of the specimens and metal or“T” blocks with a soft cloth saturated with a suitable solvent orclean dry air blast. Thereafter, do not touch the cleanedsurfaces with the hands. Apply a thin coating of adhesive toboth contact surfaces bei
22、ng careful to remove all air bubblesfrom the adhesive. Place the specimen between the coatedblocks, being certain the blocks are aligned, then clamp theassembly until the adhesive is cured.9. Conditioning9.1 Condition the test specimen at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F)and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not l
23、ess than 24 h prior totesting.4Hysol Adhesive 907, a two-part epoxy adhesive available from E. V. RobertsCo., 9601 West Jefferson Blvd., Culver City, CA 90230, has been found satisfactoryfor use in this test. The instructions in Section 8 for preparation of the test assemblyare based on the use of t
24、his material. Any adhesive that is found to performsatisfactorily under this test may be used provided that the procedure for thepreparation of the test assembly is suitably modified to follow the manufacturersrecommendation for the use of the adhesive.FIG. 2 Optional Tensile Strength Test SpecimenF
25、 521 83 (2004)39.2 Conduct tests in the Standard Laboratory Atmosphere of23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidityunless otherwise specified.10. Procedure10.1 Unless otherwise specified, test five specimens. Insertthe specimen assembly in the tension testing machine withself-aligning hold
26、ers and load to failure at a rate of 1.25 mm(0.05 in.)/min.10.2 If block adhesive failure occurs, discard the test andtest another specimen.NOTE 2If aluminum blocks are to be reused, one method of removingthe adhesive is to insert the blocks in an oven at 150C (300F) for 1.5 h.When the blocks have c
27、ooled, the remaining portion of the test specimencan be easily removed by a surface sanding wheel or sandblast. In orderto maintain a plane surface, it is recommended that the metal blocks befinished on a flat emery surface.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Complete identi
28、fication of the material tested, includ-ing type or grade of substrate and interlayer, thickness,manufacturing history, etc.,11.1.2 The block adhesive used,11.1.3 The atmospheric conditions in the test room,11.1.4 The total load, in newtons (or pounds-force), re-quired to break each specimen,11.1.5
29、The unit stress, in pascals (or pounds-force persquare inch), required for failure (calculate the unit stress bydividing the load by the area of the test specimen), and11.1.6 Failure mode (such as within the interlayer, or atwhich interface).TEST METHOD BINTERLAMINAR SHEARSTRENGTH12. Summary of Test
30、 Method12.1 The bond is subjected to mechanical load in thedirection of the plane of the interlayer. The maximum adhesiveor cohesive strength between the interlayer and the outer plies(shear strength) is determined, and is expressed in pascals (orpounds-force per square inch).13. Apparatus13.1 Shear
31、 ToolA shear test fixture of the sliding typewhich is so constructed that the specimen faces are firmlysupported between the stationary and movable blocks tominimize peel effects. Suitable forms of shear tools are shownin Figs. 3 and 4, depending on specimen type.13.2 Testing MachineSee 6.2.14. Test
32、 Specimen14.1 The test specimens may be either three-ply or five-plyconstruction as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The five-ply construc-tion is preferred, especially for specimens with relatively thickinterlayers of 2.5 mm (0.1 in.) or more.14.2 The test specimen shall be 50 mm (2 in.) squareminimum. Incr
33、easing specimen size will give slightly betteraccuracy up to the point where the face plies begin to fracture.Prepare the specimens in such a manner as to produce smoothedges to minimize premature edge chipping during testing.14.3 Orient the samples to duplicate the actual loadingconditions in servi
34、ce whenever possible.14.4 Number of Test Specimens:14.4.1 Test at least five specimens for each sample in thecase of isotropic materials.14.4.2 Test ten specimens, five normal to, and five parallelwith the principal axis of anisotropy, for each sample ofanisotropic material.14.4.3 Discard specimens
35、that break at some obvious flawand retest, unless such flaws constitute a variable whose effectis desired for study.15. Conditioning15.1 Condition the specimens in accordance with Section 9.16. Procedure16.1 Measure and record the length and width of the bondarea with a suitable micrometer to the ne
36、arest 0.025 mm (0.001in.).16.2 Place the specimen in the test fixture, taking care toalign the loaded end of the specimen parallel to the loading bar.16.3 Set the speed of testing at 1.25 mm (0.05 in.)/min andstart the testing machine.16.4 Record the maximum load carried by the specimen upto the poi
37、nt of rupture.16.5 Remove and examine the test specimen for evidence ofpremature failure due to edge chipping or slippage of thespecimen in the fixture. If premature failure has occurred,discard the sample and retest another sample.16.6 Calculate the bond stress by dividing the maximumload by the bo
38、nd area. For three-ply tests, the bond area is thearea of one of the bond-line surfaces; for five-ply tests, the areais two times the area of one of the bond-line surfaces.17. Report17.1 The report shall include the following:17.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested, includ-ing type, so
39、urce, manufacturers code number, configurationprincipal dimensions, and previous history,17.1.2 The size of the specimen and direction of loading,17.1.3 The conditioning procedure,17.1.4 The total load, in newtons (or pounds-force), re-quired to break each specimen,17.1.5 The bond shear stress, in p
40、ascals (or pounds-forceper square inch), and17.1.6 Failure mode (such as within the interlayer or atwhich interface).TEST METHOD CCREEP RUPTURE18. Summary of Test Method18.1 The bond is subjected to a specified duration of loadapplication under a variety of environmental conditions. Thetime to failu
41、re or mode of failure, with a given load, isdetermined.F 521 83 (2004)419. Significance and Use19.1 Data from creep tests are of considerable importance inpredicting the performance of materials with variations ofdesign or interlayer materials. The method may include el-evated or low-temperature tes
42、ting, may incorporate specificedge design configurations such as bus bars, separator films, orcoated substrates and may utilize either symmetric or asym-metric loading conditions.19.2 The test is generally not suitable for quality controlacceptance testing due to the extended time periods required t
43、oobtain results.20. Apparatus20.1 Metal BlocksSee 6.1.20.2 Testing MachineA tension testing machine with aconstant load setting and a load indicator can be used. This typeof loading affords a wide range of applied loads, but due to thetime-consuming nature of the test, limits the number ofspecimens
44、that can be tested within a period of time. Arecommended testing machine is a weighted lever mounted ona steel frame (see Fig. 7). This system can be constructed withseveral stations and a variation of loads by appropriatelypositioning a slotted lead weight along the loading lever arm.20.3 AdhesiveA
45、ny suitable adhesive.421. Test Specimen21.1 See Section 7.22. Preparation of Apparatus22.1 Prepare assembly in accordance with Section 8. Ifeccentric loading is desired, prepare assembly in accordancewith Note 4 and Fig. 8.NOTE 3In reference to Fig. 8, the specimen can be mounted concen-trically (so
46、lid lines) or eccentrically (dotted lines) according to the loadingarea. Instead of the eccentrically mounted specimen, the holes in the “T”block may be moved on a horizontal centerline toward each edge of the1. Three-ply shear test specimen.2. Female steel housing.3. Male steel housing.4. Loading b
47、ar (hardened steel).5. Shim (same thickness as the interlayer).6. Bolts.FIG. 3 Three-Ply Shear Test FixtureF 521 83 (2004)5“T” block to produce an eccentric load when the specimen is concentri-cally mounted. Variations of the specimen such as separators or inserts inthe interlayer can be evaluated b
48、y this test method.23. Conditioning23.1 Conditioning test specimens for creep testing may becomplicated if the changes in moisture content and temperatureaffect the behavior of the interlayer material, thereby, produc-ing erroneous data. Unless otherwise specified, conditionspecimens in accordance w
49、ith Section 9, with conditionsremaining constant during the test.24. Procedure24.1 When the adhesive has cured, insert the specimenassembly in the tension machine or test frame and apply thespecified dead-weight load. Record time at application of theload, at initiation of failure, and at complete failure. Initiationmay be indicated by the appearance of a small delamination,void, or bubble. This void or bubble can be observed throughthe polished sides of the specimen.24.2 If the specimen does not fail after the specified timeinterval, remove th
