1、Designation: F551/F551M 09aStandard Practice forUsing a 1.707-m 67.23-in. Diameter Laboratory TestRoadwheel in Testing Tires1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F551/F551M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the requirements for a 1.707-m67.23-in. diameter laboratory roadwheel for durab
3、ility andendurance testing of tires under controlled operating andenvironmental conditions.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independ
4、ently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and
5、health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements, see Section 7 and Note 1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-formance of Tires3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsD
6、efinitions given in Terminology F538 areregarded as standard.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes the specifications and dimen-sions of a 1.707-m 67.23-in. diameter laboratory roadwheelsystem for testing of one or more tire assemblies undercontrolled conditions. It also describes the ca
7、libration proce-dures for the standard operation of the wheel.5. Significance and Use5.1 The 1.707-m 67.23-in. diameter laboratory test road-wheel is one of the most extensively employed testing devicesfor tire durability and endurance testing.5.2 This test apparatus operating in the laboratory at c
8、on-trolled surface speeds, loads, and ambient temperatures simu-lates, to a degree, tire-operating conditions resembling actualservice. Because of the roadwheel curvature, the test tire isfatigued more rapidly than a tire operating on a road.5.3 The laboratory roadwheel described in this practice is
9、suitable for comparative evaluation of tires under controlledoperating and environmental conditions.5.4 While the laboratory roadwheel may not reproducestructural fatigue exactly as it occurs in service, the laboratorywheel can be used to produce fatigue under controlled condi-tions.6. Apparatus6.1
10、Laboratory Test RoadwheelA laboratory test road-wheel consists of a large steel wheel against which one or moretire-wheel assemblies are pressed at specific loads (see Fig. 1).6.1.1 The roadwheel shall have an outside diameter of 1.707m 67.23 in. 6 0.5 %. This dimension originated from thechoice of
11、the circumference of the roadwheel as being1300mile.6.1.2 The width of the roadwheel shall be such that theedges are not in contact with the tire under test.6.1.3 The surface roughness of the roadwheel that is incontact with the tire shall not be in excess of 3.18 m 125 in.and must be continuous and
12、 without holes or projections.Where it is necessary to provide for the affixing of special testaccessories such as cleats, the empty bolt holes in the path ofthe tire contact width should be plugged, so as to match thewheel curvature and be within the maximum specified surfaceroughness.6.1.4 The tot
13、al indicated radial runout of the wheel shall notexceed 0.25 mm 0.01 in.6.2 Loading System:1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.10 on Equipment, Facilities andCalibration.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Pub
14、lished December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F551 09. DOI:10.1520/F0551_F0551M-09A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informat
15、ion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2.1 The loading system shall be capable of applying andcontrolling the tire loading force to the desired level.6.2
16、.2 The tire loading force shall pass through the axis of thetire under test and the axis of the roadwheel at all times.6.2.3 The axis of rotation of the roadwheel and the axis ofrotation of the tire undergoing test shall be parallel within 10min of arc for camber and slip angle.6.2.4 Each tire-loadi
17、ng system should be equipped with adevice that causes the tire to be retracted from the roadwheelimmediately upon its reaching a preset deflection indicative oftire failure or air loss.6.3 DriveThe drive shall be capable of rotating theroadwheel and maintaining the desired surface speed under allloa
18、d conditions.6.4 Ambient Temperature ConditionsPlease refer to thetest method used for specifics regarding ambient temperatureand measuring distance requirements. If there is no referencedtest method, ambient temperature surrounding the tires shall becontrolled at 38 6 3C 100 6 5F measured at a poin
19、t located305 6 37 mm 12 6 1.5 in. from any point of the edge of therim flange for all operating conditions.6.5 Instrumentation:6.5.1 Equipment shall be provided to indicate roadwheelsurface speed and to provide a measure of the linear equivalentdistance traveled.6.5.2 Optional equipment may be provi
20、ded to indicate orrecord, or both, the load, ambient temperature, and inflationpressure, and to record the roadwheel speed.6.6 Control Tolerances on Speed, Load, and Distance:Wheel Speed ToleranceUp to 80 km/h 50 mph80 to 400 km/h 50 to 250 mph60.8 km/h 60.5 mph61.6 km/h 61.0 mphNormal Force Toleran
21、ceAt Specified Load 61%Linear Travel of the Test ToleranceWheel Surface 60.5 %7. Safety Precautions7.1 The tire, rim, and wheel must be free of obvious defects,as judged by visual inspection. In particular, the bolt holes, thevalve, and the base of the rim flange must not be wornexcessively.7.2 Haza
22、rds During the TestAtire is a pressure vessel thatbecomes progressively weaker during a wheel test, bothbecause of fatigue damage and by the lower tensile strength ofthe components at the high temperatures developed. Therefore,a catastrophic loss of air pressure shall be anticipated at everystage of
23、 the test. Such a failure may be accompanied byfragments having a high energy level being thrown from thedegenerated tire. Adequate machine safeguards and fire andpersonnel protection equipment shall be provided at all times.8. Calibration8.1 Use a system calibration.8.2 Calibration standards shall
24、be comprised of instrumen-tation and measuring apparatus that are used for verification ofthe accuracies of the indicating-recording instrumentationFIG. 1 Laboratory Tire Test RoadwheelF551/F551M 09a2associated with the laboratory wheel. Calibration standardsshall be of sufficient accuracy and resol
25、ution to ensure that theindicating-recording instrumentation system subject to calibra-tion is accurate to the tolerances listed in 6.6. Calibrationstandard accuracy will be ascertained by comparison of thestandard with primary standards maintained by the NationalInstitute of Standards and Technolog
26、y (NIST) or secondarystandards traceable to NIST. The frequency of calibration shallbe at least every six months and as often as necessary to ensurethat all functions are within the tolerances listed in 6.6.NOTE 1Caution: This instrumentation shall be used only for pur-poses of calibration and shall
27、 be maintained in a manner that will ensurethe retention of their accuracies between calibration intervals.8.3 Tire Load (Force)The calibration of the tire-loadingsystem shall consist of orienting a force transducer standard sothat it is subjected to the normal force applied to a tire that hasbeen f
28、orced against the surface of the roadwheel. Apply aseries of loads (forces) covering the range of increasing anddecreasing load intervals normally employed during testing,and the load (force) values obtained from the standard,compared with those obtained from the indicating-recordingsystem associate
29、d with the roadwheel. The load intervals usedfor calibration purposes shall be small enough and repeated atleast once to enable determination of linearity trends andrepeatability of the indicating-recording system.8.4 SpeedPerform the calibration of the roadwheel sur-face speed indicating-recording
30、system by comparing the linearsurface velocity of the wheel with an appropriate standard. Alinear surface velocity observation may be made at the periph-ery of the wheel or obtained by determining the frequency ofthe roadwheel revolutions at the shaft and computing the linearsurface velocity. Operat
31、e the roadwheel throughout the rangeof speeds employed during testing and the speed valuesobtained with the standard compared to those indicated orrecorded by the usual instrumentation. For calibration pur-poses, the speed intervals used should be small enough, ofsufficient duration, and repeated at
32、 least once to enabledeterminations of linearity and repeatability trends of theindicating-recording system.8.5 Inflation Pressure Monitoring Equipment (Optional)Perform the calibration of the tire inflation pressure indicating-recording system by direct comparison with an appropriatepressure transd
33、ucer standard accurate to 61.7 kPa 60.25 psi.Make the comparison with the two systems in pressureequilibrium. Set the pressure source to values throughout therange of inflation pressure normally experienced during thetest. The intervals chosen should be small enough, of sufficientduration, and repea
34、ted at least once to enable observations oflinearity and repeatability trends of the indicating-recordingsystem.8.6 Tire Temperature Measuring Equipment (Optional):8.6.1 Perform the calibration of the temperature measuringequipment indicating-recording system by the direct compari-son with an approp
35、riate temperature transducer standard. Makethe comparison with the two systems in thermal equilibrium.8.6.2 Make the calibration at values throughout the range oftemperatures normally experienced during the test. The inter-vals chosen should be small enough, of sufficient duration, andrepeated at le
36、ast once to enable observations of linearity andrepeatability trends of the indicating-recording system.NOTE 2In Section 8, the phrase “repeated at least once” shall beinterpreted to mean that the entire calibration procedure is repeated frombeginning to end. Merely taking two duplicate readings in
37、succession ofeach specified condition does not constitute a replication of the process ofcalibration.9. Keywords9.1 durability; endurance; laboratory tire testing; structuralfatigue; testing tiresASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
38、 with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible t
39、echnical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful conside
40、ration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr
41、 Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F551/F551M 09a3
