1、Designation: F551/F551M 16Standard Practice forUsing a 1.707-m 67.23-in. Diameter Laboratory TestRoadwheel in Testing Tires1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F551/F551M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the requirements for a 1.707-m67.23-in. diameter laboratory roadwheel for durabi
3、lity andendurance testing of tires under controlled operating andenvironmental conditions.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independe
4、ntly of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and h
5、ealth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements, see Section 7 and Note 1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-formance of Tires3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDe
6、finitions given in Terminology F538 areregarded as standard.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes the specifications and dimen-sions of a 1.707-m 67.23-in. diameter laboratory roadwheelsystem for testing of one or more tire assemblies undercontrolled conditions. It also describes the cal
7、ibration proce-dures for the standard operation of the wheel.5. Significance and Use5.1 The 1.707-m 67.23-in. diameter laboratory test road-wheel is one of the most extensively employed testing devicesfor tire durability and endurance testing.5.2 This test apparatus operating in the laboratory at co
8、n-trolled surface speeds, loads, and ambient temperaturessimulates, to a degree, tire-operating conditions resemblingactual service. Because of the roadwheel curvature, the test tireis fatigued more rapidly than a tire operating on a road.5.3 The laboratory roadwheel described in this practice issui
9、table for comparative evaluation of tires under controlledoperating and environmental conditions.5.4 While the laboratory roadwheel may not reproducestructural fatigue exactly as it occurs in service, the laboratorywheel can be used to produce fatigue under controlled condi-tions.6. Apparatus6.1 Lab
10、oratory Test RoadwheelA laboratory test road-wheel consists of a large steel wheel against which one or moretire-wheel assemblies are pressed at specific loads (see Fig. 1).6.1.1 The roadwheel shall have an outside diameter of 1.707m 67.23 in. 6 0.5 %. This dimension originated from thechoice of the
11、 circumference of the roadwheel as being1300mile.6.1.2 The width of the roadwheel shall be such that theedges are not in contact with the tire under test.6.1.3 The surface roughness of the roadwheel that is incontact with the tire shall not be in excess of 3.18 m 125 in.and must be continuous and wi
12、thout holes or projections.Where it is necessary to provide for the affixing of special testaccessories such as cleats, the empty bolt holes in the path ofthe tire contact width should be plugged, so as to match thewheel curvature and be within the maximum specified surfaceroughness.6.1.4 The total
13、indicated radial runout of the wheel shall notexceed 0.25 mm 0.01 in.6.2 Loading System:1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.10 on Equipment, Facilities andCalibration.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Publis
14、hed February 2016. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F551/F551M 09a.DOI: 10.1520/F0551_F0551M-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume infor
15、mation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.2.1 The loading system shall be capable of applying andcontrolling the tire loading force to the desired level.6
16、.2.2 The tire loading force shall pass through the axis of thetire under test and the axis of the roadwheel at all times.6.2.3 The axis of rotation of the roadwheel and the axis ofrotation of the tire undergoing test shall be parallel within 10min of arc for camber and slip angle.6.2.4 Each tire-loa
17、ding system should be equipped with adevice that causes the tire to be retracted from the roadwheelimmediately upon its reaching a preset deflection indicative oftire failure or air loss.6.3 DriveThe drive shall be capable of rotating the road-wheel and maintaining the desired surface speed under al
18、l loadconditions.6.4 Ambient Temperature ConditionsPlease refer to thetest method used for specifics regarding ambient temperatureand measuring distance requirements. If there is no referencedtest method, ambient temperature surrounding the tires shall becontrolled at 38 6 3C 100 6 5F measured at a
19、point located305 6 37 mm 12 6 1.5 in. from any point of the edge of therim flange for all operating conditions.6.5 Instrumentation:6.5.1 Equipment shall be provided to indicate roadwheelsurface speed and to provide a measure of the linear equivalentdistance traveled.6.5.2 Optional equipment may be p
20、rovided to indicate orrecord, or both, the load, ambient temperature, and inflationpressure, and to record the roadwheel speed.6.6 Control Tolerances on Speed, Load, and Distance:Wheel Speed ToleranceUp to 80 km/h 50 mph80 to 400 km/h 50 to 250 mph0.8 km/h 0.5 mph1.6 km/h 1.0 mphNormal Force Toleran
21、ceAt Specified Load 1 %Linear Travel of the Test ToleranceWheel Surface 0.5 %7. Safety Precautions7.1 The tire, rim, and wheel must be free of obvious defects,as judged by visual inspection. In particular, the bolt holes, thevalve, and the base of the rim flange must not be wornexcessively.7.2 Hazar
22、ds During Roadwheel Tire TestingA tire is apressure vessel that experiences changes due to the conditionsof the test. Laboratory roadwheel test conditions, includingload, inflation, speed, pressure, and temperature, are intendedto generate end of test conditions. Therefore, a rapid loss of airpressu
23、re shall be anticipated at every stage of the test. Such anevent may be accompanied by fragments having a high energylevel being thrown from the tire being tested. Appropriatemachine safeguards and fire and personal protection equipmentshall be provided at all times.8. Calibration8.1 Use a system ca
24、libration.8.2 Calibration standards shall be comprised of instrumen-tation and measuring apparatus that are used for verification ofFIG. 1 Laboratory Tire Test RoadwheelF551/F551M 162the accuracies of the indicating-recording instrumentationassociated with the laboratory wheel. Calibration standards
25、shall be of sufficient accuracy and resolution to ensure that theindicating-recording instrumentation system subject to calibra-tion is accurate to the tolerances listed in 6.6. Calibrationstandard accuracy will be ascertained by comparison of thestandard with primary standards maintained by the Nat
26、ionalInstitute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or secondarystandards traceable to NIST. The frequency of calibration shallbe at least every six months and as often as necessary to ensurethat all functions are within the tolerances listed in 6.6.NOTE 1Caution: This instrumentation shall be used on
27、ly for purposesof calibration and shall be maintained in a manner that will ensure theretention of their accuracies between calibration intervals.8.3 Tire Load (Force)The calibration of the tire-loadingsystem shall consist of orienting a force transducer standard sothat it is subjected to the normal
28、 force applied to a tire that hasbeen forced against the surface of the roadwheel. Apply aseries of loads (forces) covering the range of increasing anddecreasing load intervals normally employed during testing,and the load (force) values obtained from the standard,compared with those obtained from t
29、he indicating-recordingsystem associated with the roadwheel. The load intervals usedfor calibration purposes shall be small enough and repeated atleast once to enable determination of linearity trends andrepeatability of the indicating-recording system.8.4 SpeedPerform the calibration of the roadwhe
30、el surfacespeed indicating-recording system by comparing the linearsurface velocity of the wheel with an appropriate standard. Alinear surface velocity observation may be made at the periph-ery of the wheel or obtained by determining the frequency ofthe roadwheel revolutions at the shaft and computi
31、ng the linearsurface velocity. Operate the roadwheel throughout the rangeof speeds employed during testing and the speed valuesobtained with the standard compared to those indicated orrecorded by the usual instrumentation. For calibrationpurposes, the speed intervals used should be small enough, ofs
32、ufficient duration, and repeated at least once to enabledeterminations of linearity and repeatability trends of theindicating-recording system.8.5 Inflation Pressure Monitoring Equipment (Optional)Perform the calibration of the tire inflation pressure indicating-recording system by direct comparison
33、 with an appropriatepressure transducer standard accurate to 61.7 kPa 60.25 psi.Make the comparison with the two systems in pressureequilibrium. Set the pressure source to values throughout therange of inflation pressure normally experienced during thetest. The intervals chosen should be small enoug
34、h, of sufficientduration, and repeated at least once to enable observations oflinearity and repeatability trends of the indicating-recordingsystem.8.6 Tire Temperature Measuring Equipment (Optional):8.6.1 Perform the calibration of the temperature measuringequipment indicating-recording system by th
35、e direct compari-son with an appropriate temperature transducer standard. Makethe comparison with the two systems in thermal equilibrium.8.6.2 Make the calibration at values throughout the range oftemperatures normally experienced during the test. The inter-vals chosen should be small enough, of suf
36、ficient duration, andrepeated at least once to enable observations of linearity andrepeatability trends of the indicating-recording system.NOTE 2In Section 8, the phrase “repeated at least once” shall beinterpreted to mean that the entire calibration procedure is repeated frombeginning to end. Merel
37、y taking two duplicate readings in succession ofeach specified condition does not constitute a replication of the process ofcalibration.9. Keywords9.1 durability; endurance; laboratory tire testing; structuralfatigue; testing tiresASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any p
38、atent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revisi
39、on at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your co
40、mments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrigh
41、ted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 163
