1、Designation: F556 88 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forCurl of Carbonless Copy Papers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F556; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the curl ofcarbonless copy papers, that is, the degree of curvature of asheet of these papers
3、 when exposed to varying conditions ofhumidity.1.2 This test method may be used for manufacturing con-trol, development, and research.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to esta
4、blish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related Product3D685 Practice for Conditioning
5、Paper and Paper Productsfor Testing3E104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidityby Means of Aqueous SolutionsF221 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and InkedRibbon Products and Images Made TherefromF549 Terminology Relating to Carbonless Copy Products2.2 TAPPI Standard:TIS 0808 Equili
6、brium Relative Humidities over SaturatedSalt Solutions43. Terminology Definitions3.1 For the definitions of terms curl and carbonless copypaper, refer to Terminology F221 and F549, respectively.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Sheets of carbonless copy paper are placed on a flatsurface under different c
7、onditions of humidity and with acontrolled temperature. The amount of curl is expressed asheight above a flat surface attained by the edge of a carbonlesscopy paper sheet.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to measure the amount ofcurl of a carbonless copy paper sheet relative to
8、 the flat surfacesupporting the sample. The test is useful as a quality controlmethod and for predicting field performance.6. Interferences6.1 Test results may be subject to change depending on theprevious handling of the samples. The samples should be keptsmooth and flat, preferably in closed plast
9、ic bags. Exposure ofthe sample to moisture from hands, contact with liquids, orextremes of temperature or humidities above 58 % relativehumidity may alter the samples curl characteristics.7. Apparatus7.1 Template6-in. (152-mm) square metal.7.2 Sharp Knife.7.3 Rule, 6-in. (or an equivalent metric rul
10、e 150 mm)Therule shall be graduated either in inches with 0.1-in. subdivi-sions or in centimetres with 1-mm subdivisions, and the zeromark must be at the edge of the rule.Also, the width of the ruleshould be a minimum of12 in. (12.7 mm) to facilitatesupporting the rule in an upright perpendicular po
11、sition relativeto the flat supporting surface.7.4 Conditioning Cabinets(see Fig. 1.) Humidity cabi-nets, electric with positive uniform air circulation, capable ofmaintaining the relative humidity and temperature rangesspecified. The cabinets should be free of any hygroscopicmaterials such as wood,
12、fabric, paper, and so forth; sealed fromexternal moisture and either insulated from external tempera-ture changes or used in a room maintained at constanttemperature. The cabinets should be small, constructed withtransparent sides, 14 in. wide by 8 in. high by 26 in. long(metric units 356 by 203 by
13、660 mm). The front shall overlapthe sides and be hinged to serve as the door. An inverted 6-in.(152-mm) rule can be supported on each wall of the condition-ing cabinet to facilitate testing. The zero mark of the rule shall1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F05 on BusinessIm
14、aging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.06 onCarbonless and Thermal Imaging Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published March 2012. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F55688 (2006). DOI:10.1520/F0556-88R11.2For referenced A
15、STM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is reference
16、don www.astm.org.4Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI),P.O. Box 105113,Atlanta, GA30348; 15 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA30092.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.coincide w
17、ith the top of the shelving upon which the sample isplaced. A glass tray holding a saturated salt solution shall beplaced on the bottom of the conditioning cabinet and below theshelving which is perforated to assist circulation.7.5 HygrometerAccurate to 61 % relative humidity overa range of 20 to 80
18、 % relative humidity. Size should beappropriate so that it will fit within a conditioning cabinet.Electronic sensing units may be substituted. The accuracy ofthe humidity measuring unit should be periodically checked.7.6 ShelvingFlat wire screens or similar shelving, suffi-ciently rigid to hold its
19、flatness, to fit inside the conditioningcabinets, approximately 3 in. (76 mm) above the bottom of thecabinets. They shall be so constructed as to allow uniform aircirculation.8. Reagents8.1 Reagents for maintaining appropriate relativehumiditiesSaturated solutions of:Reagent Relative Humidity,%Tempe
20、rature F (C)Potassium acetate, KC2H3O222.9 73 (23)Potassium acetate, KC2H3O220.4 100 (38)Magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)26H2O 53.5 73 (23)Magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)26H249.0 100 (38)Sodium chloride, NaCl 75.5 73 (23)A saturated salt solution is one in which the dissolved salt isin equilibrium with undisso
21、lved material of the same compo-sition. Therefore, in order to be certain that saturation exists,there should always be some solid visible in the same tray thatcontains the saturated solution. Distilled water should be usedin making up the salt solution.8.2 The temperature at which the salt solution
22、s are main-tained governs the humidity level. These salt solutions havebeen chosen because over the range from 73 to 100F (23 to38C), the relative humidity variation is small. It is intendedfor this test to be performed at the 73F (23C) level. Refer toPractice E104 or TAPPI TIS 0808 for information
23、on otherrelative humidity conditions.9. Sampling9.1 Sample the carbonless copy paper in accordance withPractice D585.9.2 Samples shall be kept flat, free from wrinkles and folds.Protect from exposure to direct sunlight, liquids, varyinghumidity conditions, and any other harmful influences. Storageof
24、 the samples in closed plastic bags is recommended. Handlethe sample by the edges only.10. Test Specimens10.1 From each test unit of the sample, take a flat strip 8 or10 in. (203 or 254 mm) wide across the web of the paper.10.2 Using the template and knife, cut 6-in. (152-mm)square specimens and mar
25、k the grain direction of each with asoft pencil on the top side.11. Conditioning11.1 Condition the carbonless copy paper sheets in accor-dance with Method D685.11.2 The recommended test conditions are three levels ofrelative humidity (22.9 6 2.1; 53.5 6 2.0; and 75.5 6 2.0 %)at a temperature of 73 6
26、 3.5F (23 + 2C) and an exposuretime of 2 h for the coated front (CF), the coated front and back(CFB), and the coated back (CB) carbonless copy papers.12. Procedure12.1 Check that the relative humidity value in the cabinet isnear the value expected before placing samples in the cabinet.Also check tha
27、t undissolved salt is visible in the lower tray.12.2 Place three separate test specimens top or face side upand three separate test specimens top or face side down in theconditioning cabinets. Repeat this procedure for each testcondition specified.12.3 At the end of the exposure time, visually inspe
28、ct thethree pairs of samples. Record which samples have curled, forexample, the sheets positioned face up or the sheets positioned1Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) chamber: 14 in. wide by 8 in. high by 26 in. long (356 by 203 by 660 mm)2Hinge3Soft rubber gasket4PMMA door5PMMA bar on each side of cham
29、ber to support shelf6Rotary-type window pull catches7Glass trays containing saturated salt solution8Fan connected to motor9Air deflector sheet10Shelf, perforated11Chamber support bars12Rheostat13Motor14Electrical connection, 115 V, 60 HzFIG. 1 Side View of Curl Test ChamberF556 88 (2011)2face down,
30、or both. Record the relative humidity, temperature,and time duration of conditioning.12.4 Without removing the sheets from the cabinet, quicklymeasure and record the height of the curled-up edge of thecurled sheets. Record the class of curl as 0,14 ,12 , I, II, III, IV,or tube curl, described as fol
31、lows:12.4.1 Class 0No curl by visual inspection. Paper will beflat.12.4.2 Class14 Curl greater than Class 0 where any edgeor corner of the paper measures not more than14 in. (6.3 mm)above a flat surface.12.4.3 Class12 Curl greater than Class14 where anyedge or corner of the paper measures more than1
32、4 in. but notmore than12 in. (12.7 mm) above a flat surface.12.4.4 Class ICurl greater than Class12 where any edgeor corner of the paper measures more than12 in. but not morethan 1 in. (25.4 mm) above a flat surface.12.4.5 Class IICurl includes any edge or corner of thepaper greater than Class I but
33、 equal to or less than the point ofintersection of a vertical line tangent to the paper.12.4.6 Class IIICurl includes any edge or corner of thepaper greater than Class II but equal to or less than the point ofintersection of a horizontal line tangent to the paper.12.4.7 Class IVCurl includes any edg
34、e or corner of thepaper greater than Class III but less than a point of actualcontact with any other point in the paper.12.4.8 Tube CurlCurl includes any edge or corner of thepaper greater than Class IV.12.5 Record the direction of the curl and type of curldescribed as follows:12.5.1 Normal Curl Dir
35、ection of curl towards the top orface side of the sample.12.5.2 Reverse Curl Direction of curl away from top orface side of the sample.12.5.3 “Against the Grain CurlType of curl where theedge of the sample which has lifted is perpendicular to themachine direction of the paper. May also be referred t
36、o astension, roll, or machine direction curl.12.5.4 Cross Directional CurlA type of curl where theedge that has lifted is parallel to the machine direction of thepaper.12.5.5 Diagonal Curl A type of curl where one corner ortwo opposite corners of the paper lift.12.6 Report the curl data of each set
37、of samples indicatingthe class of curl, the direction (normal or reverse) and type(cross direction, machine direction, or diagonal). In the eventone of the samples is much different than the other tests, it maybe advisable to repeat this test.13. Precision and Bias13.1 Repeatable ranking order is ob
38、tained that is reproduc-ible within a laboratory and between laboratories. The test is acomparative test, is subjective, and no quantitative data areintended.14. Keywords14.1 carbonless copy paper; carbonless paper; curl; papercurlASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any p
39、atent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revisi
40、on at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your co
41、mments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrigh
42、ted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F556 88 (2011)3
