1、Designation: F 585 94 (Reapproved 2007)An American National StandardStandard Practice forInsertion of Flexible Polyethylene Pipe Into Existing Sewers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 585; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.
3、1 This practice describes design and selection consider-ations and installation procedures for the construction of newsanitary and storm sewers by the insertion of polyethylene pipethrough existing pipe and along the previously existing line andgrade. The procedures are designed to minimize traffic
4、disrup-tion, surface damage, and restoration, with little or no inter-ruption of service.NOTE 1See CGSB 41-GP-25M.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of
5、thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 543 Practices for Evalu
6、ating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical ReagentsD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 2657 Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyolefin Pipeand FittingsD 3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe andFittings MaterialsF 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping
7、SystemsF 714 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(SDR-PR) Based on Outside DiameterF 894 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Large DiameterProfile Wall Sewer and Drain Pipe3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F 412, unless otherwise specified.4. Si
8、gnificance and Use4.1 The procedures described can be used in conjunctionwith the manufacturers specific recommendations to installpolyethylene pipe using the insertion method. The proceduresare intended as an aid to and not in replacement of the designand review of the project engineer.5. Design an
9、d Selection Considerations5.1 General Guidelines:5.1.1 If the original sewer piping is structurally deteriorateddue to offset at the joints or rupture and collapse of the pipewalls, measures should be taken to determine its condition indetail, prior to the selection of pipe size and installationproc
10、edure.5.1.2 Protrusions of lateral or service piping into the oldsewer, root growths, sedimentation, or mineral deposits, or anycombination of these four, may restrict the access for insertingthe polyethylene piping. The presence of obstructions must bedetermined (see 6.3).5.1.3 The clearance betwee
11、n the liner pipe and the originalpipe should be sufficient to ensure that no interference occursduring insertion. For pipes made in accordance with Specifi-cation F 714, in general, the liner pipe outside diameter shouldbe no larger than 10 % smaller than the original sewer. Forpipes manufactured in
12、 accordance with Specification F 894,ingeneral, the liner pipe outside diameter should be no larger than2 in. smaller than the original sewer.5.1.4 Insertion shafts should be kept to a minimum andshould coincide with the areas in which problems have beendetected in the existing sewer (see Section 7)
13、.5.1.5 Pipe may be preassigned by the heat fusion techniquein accordance with Practice D 2657.5.1.6 Pipe may also be assembled at the time of insertionusing mechanical connections or heat fusion.5.2 Flow CharacteristicsNew polyethylene pipe has avery smooth interior surface of low roughness coeffici
14、ent.Normal usage does not corrode nor abrade the surface andlong-term flow characteristics are not substantially impaired.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.62 on Sewer.Current edition approved
15、May 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 585 94(2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer t
16、o the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 External Loading:5.3.1 Hydraulic LoadsWhen there is the possibility ofground water level above the pipe, the level and its d
17、urationshould be estimated by the design engineer and the pipe systemdesigned to withstand the pressure without collapsing.5.3.1.1 In the event the collapse resistance of the pipe is notsufficient to resist this pressure, the engineer should specifyeither a stiffer pipe or filling the annular space
18、with acementatious grout or other material that will provide adequatesupport for the pipe.5.3.1.2 The following equation may be used to determinethe standard dimension ratio of pipe required:SDR 2 1 5 F3EaS21 2 2DPh5 F3 2.508EaPh(1)where:SDR = standard dimension ratio (D0/t) of the pipe,Ph= pressure
19、 due to head of water, kPa or psi,Ea= apparent (time-corrected) modulus (MPa 3 103orpsi) for the grade of polyethylene used to manufac-ture the pipe,F = design factor to account for installed out of round-ness, variability in the estimation of water head, etc.(F has a value less than 1.0), and = Poi
20、ssons ratio (0.45 average value).NOTE 2The choice of value (from manufacturers literature) of Eawill depend on the estimated duration of the application of the load Phinrelation to the design life of the structure. For example, if the total durationof the load Phis estimated to be 25 years, either c
21、ontinuously applied, orthe sum of intermittent periods of loading, the appropriately conservativechoice of value for Eawill be that given for 25 years of continuous loadingat the maximum ground temperature expected to be reached over the lifeof the structure.5.3.2 Earth LoadingAt all points where th
22、e polyethylenepipe has been exposed, such as at the insertion shafts, at serviceconnection fittings, or other points where the old pipe must beremoved, the polyethylene pipe and fittings should be encasedin a minimum of 6 in. (150 mm) of concrete, cement-stabilizedsand, or other high-density materia
23、l as specified by the engi-neer to prevent deflection due to earth loading or subsidence.At this point, in preparation for the placing of the encasementmaterial, debris and soil should be removed along each side ofthe existing pipe down to the spring line. After the encasementmaterial is in place an
24、d accepted by the engineer, backfill isplaced and compacted to required finished grade in accordancewith the engineers specifications. At service line connections,particular care should be taken to ensure compaction of earthbeneath the lateral pipe in order to reduce subsidence andresultant bending
25、at the lateral connection.5.3.3 Existing pipe deterioration on occasion, deteriorationof the original pipe may continue to occur even after the linerhas been installed. As a result, uneven or concentrated pointloading upon the pipe liner or even subsidence of the soil abovethe pipe system may occur.
26、 This can be avoided by filling theannular space with a cement-sand mixture, a low-density groutmaterial, or fine ash.5.3.4 Axial Bending and Radial DeflectionPolyethylenepipe is relatively flexible and may be curved for convenience inhandling and installation. It will accommodate reasonableirregula
27、rities in external loading or in line and grade. Excessivebending, however, should be avoided, particularly in handlingand installation. Longitudinal (axial) bends induced during theinsertion step in transporting pipe lengths from assembly sitesto job sites, or permanent bends to accommodate line or
28、 gradechanges, should be limited to radii equivalent to a longitudinalstrain recommended by the pipe manufacturer. The minimumallowable radius of curvature for any size and weight of pipecan be closely approximated from the following equation:Rc5D2ea(2)where:Rc= radius of curvature, mm or in.,D = di
29、ameter of the inserted pipe, mm or in., andea= allowable axial strain.Radial deflection at bends is automatically controlled if theradius of curvature is maintained as in the preceding paragraph.NOTE 3As an example, some PE pipe manufactures recommend anallowable long-term axial strain of 1.55. The
30、minimum installed bendingradius would then be:Rc = D/(2X.015) = 33 DPipe joints may be more susceptible to failure due to axial bending thanpipe. Particular attention should be paid to recommended radii ofcurvature for joints.5.4 Anchoring and Encasement:5.4.1 Anchor blocks of concrete poured around
31、 the pipeshould be constructed at all points where the old pipe has beenbroken away, at excavated points, and at lateral connections.This is particularly important when excavations are shallow.5.4.2 Where the inserted pipe diameter is smaller than twothirds of the inside diameter of the existing pip
32、e, spot anchor-ing or continuous encasement by grouting the entire length willbe desirable to minimize movement of the polyethylene pipedue to changes in temperature or ground water level. Whengrouting is used, the grouting pressure should not exceed theallowable external hydraulic pressure for the
33、inserted pipe.5.5 Force and Length:5.5.1 The length of the pipe to be inserted will seldom belimited by the strength of the pipe itself. The limitations willusually be in the available capacity and the length of thepulling cable.5.5.2 Utilizing the pulling method, smaller diameter pipe 24in. (610 mm
34、) or less can usually be handled with wincheshaving about 12-tons-force (110-KN) pulling capacity. Largerpipe may require heavier equipment, particularly if the condi-tion of the existing pipe is poor or if there are bends or offsetswhich obstruct the passage of the pipe being inserted.5.5.3 Pipe jo
35、ints with bell and spigot joints, can be insertedby pushing. Typically, the pushing distance is limited by theaxial strength of the pipe resistance of the joints to telescoping.Particular pipe and joint properties should be obtained from themanufacturer.F 585 94 (2007)26. Inspection and Cleaning6.1
36、WarningPrior to entering access areas, such as man-holes, to perform inspection or cleaning operations, evaluationof the atmosphere to determine the presence of toxic orflammable vapors must be undertaken in accordance withlocal, state, or federal regulations.6.2 Preliminary InvestigationAlthough vi
37、sual inspectionto determine the condition of the original piping may bepractical over short distances, closed-circuit TV inspectionequipment is generally required to provide detail of problemareas, such as degree of offset of joints, crushed walls,obstruction, and in particular, the location of serv
38、ice entrancesand other lateral connections.6.3 When it is determined that obstructions to the insertionof the polyethylene pipe exist, they must be cleared. Inparticular, debris or other materials should be removed fromthe bottom of the original pipe so that the inserted pipe will notbe resting on o
39、r against, nor be irregularly supported by suchmaterials. Service lines protruding into the original pipe shouldbe cleared.6.4 Immediately before the insertion operation, it may bedesirable to pass a test-head of the same diameter as thepolyethylene pipe to be inserted through the original pipe toen
40、sure free passageway. Test heads should be inspected fordamage. Test-heads may be made from a short section of thepolyethylene pipe, and should be attached to pulling cables atboth ends.7. Excavation7.1 WarningIn making excavations, the contractor mustcomply with local, state, or federal regulations
41、 for safety ofexcavations together with other applicable laws and ordinancescovering public and private access, protection, and safety of thepublic and of property.7.2 Insertion ShaftFor prefused pipelines, the excavationdown to the springline of the existing pipe should have an entryslope grade of
42、212 :1. The length of the level excavation shouldbe at least 12 times the diameter of the polyethylene pipe beinginserted. The width of the shaft should be as small as possible,consistent with the diameter of the pipe, kind of soil, height ofwater table, and length of the original sewer (see Fig. 1)
43、. Forsingle joints being pushed or jacked into position, the length ofthe excavation should be sufficient to handle the pipe jointlength and if necessary, for the jacking equipment, typically 10ft (see Fig. 2).7.3 Lateral Connection ShaftsThese shafts should belocated at points from which the connec
44、tion of the lateralpiping to the original sewer can be exposed. These points arereadily located from TV inspection records, though othertechniques may be employed. Remote tapping methods utiliz-ing entrances to service or other lateral piping remote from theactual point of connection may be used on
45、the basis of theengineers evaluation. Provision for sealing and anchoring theconnection should be included in proposals to use suchsystems.8. Storage, Handling, and Joining of Polyethylene Pipe8.1 Unloading and Storage:8.1.1 Polyethylene pipe should not be dumped from trucksor railcars. Straight len
46、gths of 12 in. (300 mm) and smaller pipecan usually be safely unloaded by hand using ropes and skids.Mobile handling equipment is generally required for largerpipes or for pipe bundles.8.1.2 Wide “belly-band” slings are recommended for hoist-ing pipe using boom-type trucks or other hoisting equipmen
47、t.Natural or synthetic fiber ropes may be used for slings but mustsupport the pipe lengths at two points, using inverted “y” orspreader beams to distribute the weight. Chain or wire ropesare not recommended.8.2 Piling for Storage:8.2.1 Pipe should be stored on level ground, free of stones,debris, or
48、 litter of any type which could create points of loadingon pipe in contact with it. The use of dunnage should beavoided, but if necessary, should be closely spaced, not morethan 5 ft (1.5 m) apart and consist of pieces at least 3.5 in. (90mm) in width.8.2.2 Pipe may be placed in a pyramidal pile of
49、no morecourses than recommended in the manufacturers literature andchocked to prevent roll-out of the bottom layer. The bottomFIG. 1 Insertion Hole DetailF 585 94 (2007)3courses should have the ends of the pipe covered to prevent dirtor debris from entering the pipes and damaging the insidesurface.8.2.3 The exterior surface of pipe can withstand consider-able abrasion or gouging without serious damage but careshould be taken to minimize this (see 7.3). Pipe need not beprotected from sunlight or weather over normal storage peri-ods.8.3 Inspection and Joining:
