1、Designation: F 597 83 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Practice forEvaluation of One-Time Carbon Paper in Carbon-InterleavedBusiness Forms by Use of an Electric Typewriter1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 597; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigin
2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a standardized procedure using anelectric t
3、ypewriter to determine the image quality of one-timecarbon paper for use in carbon-interleaved business forms.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safet
4、y and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related Product2F 221 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and InkedRib
5、bon Products and Images Made Therefrom2F 497 Practice for Use of the Electric and Electronic Type-writer as a Test Instrument23. Terminology Definitions3.1 Refer to Terminology F 221.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice consists of a comparison test under actualuse conditions whereby a sample of
6、one-time carbon paper isinterleaved side by side with a control carbon of known imagequality into a business form (or with forms bond paper tosimulate a business form) and imaged on an electric typewriterat a designated setting and pressure. A visual comparison ismade of the typed images from both s
7、ample and controlcarbon.4.2 This practice is used primarily to determine whether ornot a one-time carbon will produce a satisfactory image in abusiness form of predetermined composition with a qualitysimilar to that of the control carbon.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is used primarily to
8、evaluate the imagequality of a one-time carbon paper by comparison with acontrol carbon of known performance in a business form ofpredetermined composition on an electric typewriter.5.2 This practice can also be used for the selection of aone-time carbon for a particular business form where a contro
9、lcarbon does not exist.5.3 This practice can be used for production, quality control,and research and development.6. Interferences6.1 Different pressures and settings on the same typewritercan affect the carbon-image quality.6.2 Platens of different durometer in the same typewritercan affect the car
10、bon-image quality.6.3 Different typewriters can affect the carbon-image qual-ity.6.4 The length of time, the pressure, and the temperatureduring which the carbons are interleaved in the form can affectthe carbon-image quality.6.5 The length of time that the carbon paper was originallycoated and the
11、storage conditions during that period can affectthe image quality.6.6 Weight, thickness, and finish of form bond paper canaffect image quality.6.7 Basis Weight of carbon substrate and carbon ink hard-ness, coat weight or thickness, can affect image quality.6.8 Typewriter platen misalignment could pr
12、oduce lighterimages on the left of the form than on the right or reverse.6.8.1 To check the platen make write with control carbons,remove carbons, cut vertically, replace in form in the sameorder, but reverse the left and right positions of each carbonsheet. Repeat exactly the same write and examine
13、 carbon copyfor evidence of variation.7. Apparatus7.1 Commercial Electric Typewriter, see Practice F 497.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.02 onInked-Transfer Imaging Products.Current editi
14、on approved Oct. 28, 1983. Published December 1983. Originallypublished as F 597 78. Last previous edition F 597 78.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8. Material8.1 Carbon-Inter
15、leaved Business Forms.8.2 One-Time Carbon, for control.8.3 Forms Bond Paper.9. Sampling9.1 Sample the roll carbon or carbon sheets in accordancewith Practice D 585.10. Test Specimen and Sample Preparation10.1 Comparison with Carbon-Interleaved in a FormCutthe test specimens to the same length and ha
16、lf the width of thecarbon interleaved in the form, and in the same machine andcross-direction dimensions as the interleaved carbon. Thenumber of specimens will be one less than the number of partsin the form.10.2 Comparison with Control Carbon in a Form of Speci-fied Dimensions, Without Interleaved
17、CarbonCut the sampleand control specimens to half the width and the same length asthe form, the length being in the machine direction of thecarbon paper. The number of specimens will be one less thanthe number of parts specified for the form.10.3 Form Dimensions Not SpecifiedCut the specimens ofboth
18、 sample and control carbons 414 by 11 in. (108 by 279.4mm) with the machine direction of the carbon paper beingparallel to the 11-in. dimension.10.3.1 Cut the forms bond paper 812 by 11 in. (215.9 by279.4 mm) the machine direction being parallel to the 11-in.dimension.11. Preparation of Apparatus11.
19、1 Prepare the commercial electric typewriter accordingto Practice F 497.12. Conditioning12.1 It is not necessary to condition the carbon papers andbond papers to a standard percent relative humidity andtemperature.13. Procedure13.1 Preparation of Forms with Interleaved Carbon (Con-trol) Already Inse
20、rted:13.1.1 Measure the width of the carbon paper in the formand remove the left half of each sheet of carbon by cutting withscissors parallel to the length of the form.13.1.2 Cut the sample carbons to the same dimensions as thecontrol carbons removed from the form, taking care that thelength is in
21、the machine direction, and that there are the samenumber of specimens as in the form.13.1.3 Interleave in the left side of the form and staple allcarbons through the form. The form is now prepared for typing.13.2 Preparation of Forms without Carbons Interleaved:13.2.1 On the paper cutter, cut both s
22、ample and controlcarbons to half the width of the form with the machinedirection parallel to the length of the form and the number ofspecimens one less than the number of parts in the form.13.2.2 Interleave the sample carbons in the left side betweenthe forms paper and staple together.13.2.3 Interle
23、ave the control carbons in the right sidebetween the forms paper and staple together. The form is nowprepared for typing.13.3 Preparation of Forms without Interleaved Carbons orSpecified Forms Paper:13.3.1 Cut the form paper to 812 by 11 in. (215.9 by 279.4mm) with the 11-in. dimension in the machin
24、e direction.13.3.2 Cut both control and sample carbons 414 by 11 in.(108 by 279.4 mm) with the 11-in. dimension in the machinedirection.13.3.3 Interleave the sample carbons in between the formspaper on the left side, to the number of parts selected, andstaple together.13.3.4 Interleave the control c
25、arbons in between the formspaper on the right side, and staple together. The form is nowprepared for typing.13.4 Identification:13.4.1 Identify control and sample carbons on all formswith appropriate information such as color, grade, manufac-turer, roll numbers, and date of manufacture.13.4.2 Write
26、date interleaved and information of formspaper such as grade, basis weight, and manufacturer.13.5 Procedure for Producing Carbon Images on the Elec-tric Typewriter:13.5.1 Refer to Practice F 497.13.5.2 Release gripper rolls tension to platen (to avoid thestaples ruining the platen) and insert the te
27、st form at the stapledend and pull around the platen manually until in the desiredposition for typing.13.5.3 Apply tension to the platen by returning the gripperrolls to the correct position.13.5.4 Adjust typing pressure and set controls correctly forthe form thickness used and the intensity of imag
28、e required.13.5.5 Type across the web using keys that are close to thecenter (“G”, “H”).13.5.6 Type each letter alternately in one line across theform with lower-case type at a steady rate. Repeat withupper-case type to give a total of two lines across the form withsingle spacing.13.5.7 Write the da
29、te typed above the lines of typing andbelow the identification. The form is prepared for imageevaluation.14. Comparative Image Quality Evaluation14.1 Visually compare the images from the sample andcontrol carbons for each part of the form. For relative quality,retain the carbons interleaved in the f
30、orm. The image quality isa composite of the following:14.1.1 Intensity,14.1.2 Sharpness (edge),14.1.3 Fill-in,14.1.4 Granularity, and14.1.5 Spread.15. Report15.1 Report the relative quality of the carbon images pro-duced from the test specimen (sample carbon) as equal to,greater to, or less than the
31、 quality produced from the controlcarbons. These are obtained by visual observation without theF 597 83 (2003)2use of optical instruments or devices and include the imagecharacteristics listed in 14.1.1 through 14.1.5.15.2 Because some carbon papers change with aging in aform repeat 13.5, 14, and 15
32、.1 of the test after aging the formfor three days at room temperature at a pressure of13 psi (2.3kPa). Identify new test write with new date. This is the averagepressure exerted at the bottom of a box of business forms.Obtain this pressure by placing a known weight over a givenarea of the form to be
33、 typed (for example 7 by 9 in. = 63 in.2weight applied for13psi is 21 lb).16. Precision and Bias16.1 This practice will provide repeatable ranking orderresults or repeatable relationship to a control within a labora-tory using the same typewriter. Ranking order and comparativeresults may not be repr
34、oduced between testing locationsbecause of differences in typewriter actions and conditions.17. Keywords17.1 business forms; continuous forms; image quality; one-time carbon paperASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item me
35、ntionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committe
36、e and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeti
37、ng of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
38、 Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 597 83 (2003)3
