1、Designation: F 645 04An American National StandardStandard Guide forSelection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water-Pressure Piping Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intended for use in the selection, design,and installation of th
3、ermoplastic water systems for use outsidebuildings. For specific projects, a thorough review of this guideis recommended for the purpose of selecting specific materials,methods of joining, system design factor, and any specialprocedures deemed necessary to assure a satisfactory system.1.2 It is reco
4、mmended that governing codes and projectspecifications be consulted prior to the use of this guide.Nothing in this guide should be construed as recommendingpractices or systems at variance with governing codes andproject specifications.1.3 Units- The values stated in either SI units or inch-pounduni
5、ts are to be regarded separately as standard. Values inparentheses are for informational purposes only. The values ineach system may not be exact equivalents, therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other, Combiningvalues for the two systems may result in non-conformance withthe sta
6、ndard. The pipe, fittings, and joining materials shall meetthe requirements of one or more of the following componentproduct standards listed in 1.3.11.3.1 through 1.3.3 1.3.3to theextent applicable. Those pipe standards followed by (a) areoutside diameter-controlled pipes. Those followed by (b) are
7、inside diameter-controlled pipes.1.3.1 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic piping compo-nents:Title of SpecificationASTMDesignationPoly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80and 120 (a)D 1785Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) (a) D 2241Threaded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PV
8、C) Plastic Pipe Fittings,Schedule 80D 2464Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule40D 2466Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic PipeFittings, Schedule 80D 2467Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipeand FittingsD 2564Bell-End Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) P
9、ipe (a) D 2672Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Tubing (a) D 2740Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic LineCouplingsD 3036Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible ElastomericSealsD 3139Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe F 477PVC and ABS Injected Solvent Cemented P
10、lastic PipeJointsF 5451.3.2 For polyethylene (PE) plastic piping components:Title of SpecificationASTMDesignationPolyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Schedule 40 (b) D 2104Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, (SDR-PR) (b) D 2239Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80,Based on Outside Diameter (a)D
11、 2447Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe D 2609Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter-Controlled Polyethylene Pipe (a)D 2683Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing (a) D 2737Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Based onControlled Outside Diameter (a)D 3035Butt Heat
12、 Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Fittings forPolyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and TubingD 32611.3.3 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polyethylene (PE)Plastic Piping Components Issued By the American WaterWorks Association:C900 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure Pipe,4-inch through 12-inch, for Wat
13、er (a)C901 Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe, Tubingand Fittings,12-inch through 3-inch, for Water1.3.4 Pipes with wall thicknesses less than 1.50 mm (0.06in.) are not recommended.1.4 Other Joining DevicesJoining devices other thanthose covered by the listed standards may be selected by theuser on the
14、 basis of his own engineering evaluation and serviceexperience.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic PipingSystems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.61 on Water Systems.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originallyapproved i
15、n 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 645 02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibil
16、ity of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 1785 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Ch
17、loride) (PVC) Plas-tic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120D 2104 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe,Schedule 40D 2239 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside DiameterD 2241 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Ser
18、ies)D 2447 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe,Schedules 40 and 80 Based on Outside DiameterD 2564 Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly(VinylChloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping SystemsD 2737 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic TubingD 2740 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
19、 (PVC) Plas-tic Tubing3D 2774 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermo-plastic Pressure PipingD 2855 Practice for Making Solvent-Cemented Joints WithPoly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and FittingsD 3035 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(SDR-PR) Based on Controlled Outside Diameter
20、D 3139 Specification for Joints for Plastic Pressure PipesUsing Flexible Elastomeric SealsF 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF 477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) forJoining Plastic PipeF 545 Specification for PVC and ABS Injected SolventCemented Plastic Pipe Joints3F
21、1498 Specification for Taper Pipe Threads 60 for Ther-moplastic Pipe and Fittings2.2 American Water Works Association Standards4:C 651 Disinfecting Water MainsC 900 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure Pipe, 4-InchThrough 12-Inch, for WaterC 901 Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe, Tubing and Fit-tings,1
22、2-Inch Through 3-Inch, for Water2.3 Plastics Pipe Institute Report:PPI-TR 4 HDB/SDB/PDB/MRS Listed Materials52.4 NSF Standards:ANSI/NSF 14 for Plastic Piping Components and RelatedMaterials6ANSI/NSF61 for Drinking Water Systems ComponentsHealth Effects63. Terminology3.1 Definitions are in accordance
23、 with Terminology F 412and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D 1600and Symbols unless otherwise specified.3.2 relation between standard dimension ratio, hydrostaticdesign stress, and pressure ratingthe following expression isused in this guide to relate standard dimension ratio, hydro
24、-static design stress, and pressure rating:2S/P 5 R 2 1or2S/P 5D/t!21 (1)where:S = hydrostatic design stress, MPa (or psi),P = pressure rating, MPa (or psi),D = average outside diameter, mm (or in.),t = minimum wall thickness, mm (or in.), andR = standard thermoplastic pipe dimension ratio alsoknown
25、 as SDR or SIDR, whichever is applicable.d = average inside diameter, mm (or in.)substitute d forD in equations and change minus sign to plus.4. Significance and Use4.1 The requirements of this specification are intended toprovide information to select, design and install thermoplastic,water-pressur
26、e piping systems for use outside buildings. Ma-terials covered in this specification are Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) and Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe fittings.5. System Pressure Design5.1 The maximum pressure ratings in Tables 1-9 makeallowance for normal operating conditions, reasonable instal-lati
27、on procedures, good handling, good jointing workmanship,operating temperatures below 27C (80F), and surges likely tobe encountered at water flow velocities up to 5 ft/s (1.5 m/s).Tubing Sizes with pressure ratings less than 160 psi are listedin the tables. (Note 1).NOTE 1See Marking section and appe
28、ndix of applicable pipe speci-fication for marking pipe with pressure ratings lower than the maximumvalues given in Tables 1-9.5.2 The maximum safe water velocity in a thermoplasticpiping system depends on the specific details of the system andthe operating conditions. In general, 5 ft/s (1.5 m/s) i
29、sconsidered to be safe. Higher velocities may be used in caseswhere the operating conditions can be controlled or a higherdesign factor than 2.0 is used, or both. The total pressure in thesystem at any time (operating plus surge or water hammer) dueto surges or water hammers shall not exceed 150 % o
30、f thepressure rating of the system.5.3 The maximum pressure ratings in Tables 1-9 make someallowance for surge and water hammer. However, when2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vol
31、ume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American Water Works Association (AWWA), 1401 New YorkAve., NW, Suite 640, Washington, DC 20005.5Available from Plastics Pipe Institute, 355 Lexington Ave., New York, NY10017.6Available from N
32、SF International, P.O. Box 130140, Ann Arbor, MI 48113-0140.F645042excessive surges and water hammer are likely to be encoun-tered, extra allowance should be made or protective devicesinstalled. The surge or water hammer resulting from rapid flowstoppage may be calculated by means of the following e
33、qua-tion:p 5 V4,033S1 1300 000dEtD(2)where:p = peak water surge pressure, psi,E = modulus of elasticity of the pipe material, psi,d = inside diameter of the pipe, inclusive, in.,t = wall thickness, in., andV = water velocity, ft/s.5.4 The pressure rating of properly solvent-cemented jointsis the sam
34、e as the pipe joined after reasonable time for cure ofthe joint. The pressure rating of well-made heat-fused joints isthe same as the pipe joined, after the material in the joint hascooled to the pipe temperature.5.5 PVC threaded pipe shall be pressure rated at 50 % ofthat of nonthreaded pipe (see S
35、pecification F 1498). Pipe withwall thicknesses less than those of Schedule 80 pipe shall notbe threaded. PE pipe shall not be threaded.5.6 Joints and the allied fittings made by means other thanthose covered above shall be pressure-rated by engineeringevaluations and service experience by either th
36、e design engi-neer or user, or both. The recommendations of the manufac-turers should also be considered (see Specification D 3139).5.7 Allowance shall be made for operating conditions inwhich the water will be above 27C (80F) under normalservice conditions. Hydrostatic design stresses for thermopla
37、s-tic pipe materials are given in PPI-TR4, Recommended Hy-drostatic Strengths and Design Stresses for Thermoplastic Pipeand Fittings Compounds, a report issued at intervals by thePlastics Pipe Institute.5.8 In piping system design the selection of a design orsafety factor depends on the operating co
38、nditions that will beencountered. It may be necessary to use pressure ratings lowerthan the pressure ratings listed in Tables 1-9 when thefollowing are likely to be encountered: (1) surges or waterhammer, (2) cyclic pressure oscillations, (3) air pockets, (4)quick-closing valves, (5) pumps with more
39、 capacity than thelines can deliver, (6) flow velocities more than 5 ft/s, and (7)similar factors or combinations of (1) through (6). This willresult in using pipe and fittings with heavier walls. Consultmanufacturers for specific recommendations. Operating tem-peratures above 23C (73F) will make th
40、e pipe more flexibleand will lower both the short-term and long-term hydrostaticstrengths; for a temperature of 38C (100F) a pressure ratingof 80 % of the 23C (73F) values has been found to beadequate for most thermoplastic piping materials covered incurrent ASTM standards. The designer of the pipin
41、g systemshall use any additional design (safety) factors that are deemednecessary to cover any unusual or special conditions that maybe encountered on a specific job. When long-term factors aretranslated to short-term pressure loadings, the correspondingshort-term factors are 2 to 4 times greater, d
42、epending on thekind and type of plastic; for example, a 2.0 long-term factor forPVC 1120 gives a 4.0 short-term factor; a 2.0 long-term factorfor PE 3306 gives a 5.0 short-term factor.5.9 Pressure surges may adversely affect the long-termperformance of system components and shall be kept to theabsol
43、ute minimum practical. Where surges are anticipated dueto the action of pressure regulating valves, pumps, and otheroperating equipment, the manufacturer shall be consulted forrecommendations.6. Joints and Connections6.1 Plastic pipe, tubing, and fittings may be joined by thesolvent-cement method, h
44、eat-fusion method, threading, elasto-meric seals, or by means of other mechanical devices. Consultapplicable ASTM practices. The method used shall be compat-ible with the materials being joined. The recommendations ofthe manufacturer shall be taken into consideration whendetermining which method and
45、 the details of the procedure tobe used.6.2 Joint Requirements:6.2.1 Solvent-cement joints and heat-fusion joints shall bemade in accordance with qualified procedures that have beenestablished and proven by test to produce water-tight joints atleast as strong as the pipe or tubing being joined.6.2.2
46、 Solvent-cement or heat-fusion joints shall not be madebetween different kinds of plastics.6.2.3 Heat-fusion or mechanical joints shall be used whenjoining polyethylene pipe, tubing, or fittings.6.2.4 Solvent-cement joints may be made between PVCpipe and PVC fittings.6.2.5 Flanges or special joints
47、may be used, provided thatthey are properly qualified and utilized by the design engineeror user, or both.6.3 Solvent-Cement Joints:6.3.1 Square-cut ends free of burrs are required for a propersocket joint.TABLE 1 Maximum Water Pressure Ratings at 23C (73F) forSchedule 40 PVC Plastic Pipe (Specifica
48、tion D 1785)Nominal PipeSize, in.PVC 1120PVC 1220PVC 2120Pressure Rating, psiAPVC 2116PVC2110PVC211212 600 480 300 37034 480 390 240 3001 450 360 220 280114 370 290 180 230112 330 260 170 2102 280 220 140 170212 300 240 150 1903 260 210 130 160312 240 190 120 1504 220 180 110 1405 190 160 100 1206 1
49、80 140 90 1108 160 120 80 10010 140 110 NPRB9012 130 110 NPR 80AThese maximum pressure ratings apply only to unthreaded pipe. The industryrecommends against the use of threaded PVC plastic pipe in Schedule 40 wallthickness in nominal pipe sizes 6 in. and smaller. See applicable ASTM standardfor code designation, for example, PVC 1120. Pipe with pressure ratings less than0.34 MPa (50 psi) is not recommended for use in pressure systems.BNPR = not pressure rated.F6450436.3.2 Proper fit between the pipe or tubing and matingsocket or sleeve is essential to a go
