1、Designation: F645 12An American National StandardStandard Guide forSelection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water-Pressure Piping Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This guide is intended for use in the selection, design,and installation of ther
3、moplastic water systems for use outsidebuildings. For specific projects, a thorough review of this guideis recommended for the purpose of selecting specific materials,methods of joining, system design factor, and any specialprocedures deemed necessary to assure a satisfactory system.1.2 It is recomm
4、ended that governing codes and projectspecifications be consulted prior to the use of this guide.Nothing in this guide should be construed as recommendingpractices or systems at variance with governing codes andproject specifications.1.3 Units-The values stated in either SI units or inch-poundunits
5、are to be regarded separately as standard. The valuesstated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-ing values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The pipe, fittings, and joiningmaterials sh
6、all meet the requirements of one or more of thefollowing component product standards listed in 1.3.1 through1.3.3 to the extent applicable. Those pipe standards followedby (a) are outside diameter-controlled pipes. Those followedby (b) are inside diameter-controlled pipes.1.3.1 For poly(vinyl chlori
7、de) (PVC) plastic piping compo-nents:Title of SpecificationASTMDesignationPoly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80and 120 (a)D1785Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) (a) D2241Threaded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,Schedule 80D2464Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
8、(PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule40D2466Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic PipeFittings, Schedule 80D2467Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipeand FittingsD2564Bell-End Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe (a) D2672Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Tubing (a) D2740So
9、cket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic LineCouplingsD3036Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible ElastomericSealsD3139Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe F477PVC and ABS Injected Solvent Cemented Plastic PipeJointsF5451.3.2 For polyethylene (PE) plastic piping compone
10、nts:Title of SpecificationASTMDesignationPolyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, (SDR-PR) (b) D2239Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe D2609Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter-Controlled Polyethylene Pipe (a)D2683Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing (a) D2737Polyethylen
11、e (PE) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Based onControlled Outside Diameter (a)D3035Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Fittings forPolyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and TubingD32611.3.3 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polyethylene (PE)Plastic Piping Components Issued By the American WaterWorks Associat
12、ion:C900 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure Pipe,4-inch through 12-inch, for Water (a)C901 Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe, Tubingand Fittings,12-inch through 3-inch, for Water1.3.4 Pipes with wall thicknesses less than 1.50 mm (0.06in.) are not recommended.1.4 Other Joining DevicesJoining devices
13、other thanthose covered by the listed standards may be selected by theuser on the basis of his own engineering evaluation and serviceexperience.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic PipingSystems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.61 on Water.Curren
14、t edition approved April 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F645 11. DOI:10.1520/F0645-12.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoho
15、cken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limit
16、ations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD1785 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) PlasticPipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120D2239 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Insid
17、e DiameterD2241 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)D2464 Specification for Threaded Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80D2466 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) PlasticPipe Fittings, Schedule 40D2467 Specification for Poly(Vi
18、nyl Chloride) (PVC) PlasticPipe Fittings, Schedule 80D2564 Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly(VinylChloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping SystemsD2609 Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyeth-ylene (PE) Plastic PipeD2672 Specification for Joints for IPS PVC Pipe UsingSolvent CementD2683
19、 Specification for Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittingsfor Outside Diameter-Controlled Polyethylene Pipe andTubingD2737 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic TubingD2740 Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) PlasticTubing3D2774 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermo-plastic Pressure
20、 PipingD2855 Practice for Making Solvent-Cemented Joints withPoly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and FittingsD3035 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(DR-PR) Based on Controlled Outside DiameterD3036 Specification for Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Plastic Line Couplings3D3139 Specif
21、ication for Joints for Plastic Pressure PipesUsing Flexible Elastomeric SealsD3261 Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene(PE) Plastic Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe andTubingD3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe andFittings MaterialsF412 Terminology Relating to Pla
22、stic Piping SystemsF477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Join-ing Plastic PipeF545 Specification for PVC and ABS Injected SolventCemented Plastic Pipe Joints3F1498 Specification for Taper Pipe Threads 60 for Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD1784 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Ch
23、loride) (PVC)Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(CPVC) Compounds2.2 American Water Works Association Standards4:C651 Disinfecting Water MainsC900 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure Pipe, 4-InchThrough 12-Inch, for WaterC901 Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe, Tubing and Fittings,12-Inch Thr
24、ough 3-Inch, for Water2.3 Plastics Pipe Institute Report:5PPI-TR 3 HDB/PDB/SDB/MRS PoliciesPPI-TR 4 HDB/SDB/PDB/MRS Listed MaterialsPPI-TR 9 Recommended Design Factors and Design Coef-ficients for Thermoplastic Pressure Pipe2.4 NSF Standards:NSF/ANSI Standard No. 14 for Plastic Piping Componentsand
25、Related Materials6NSF/ANSI Standard No. 61 for Drinking Water SystemsComponentsHealth Effects62.5 Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association7Uni-Bell Handbook of PVC Pipe , Chapter VIII, Table 8.73. Terminology3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412and abbreviations are in accordance with Termino
26、logy D1600and Symbols unless otherwise specified.3.2 relation between standard dimension ratio, hydrostaticdesign stress, and pressure ratingthe following expression isused in this guide to relate standard dimension ratio, hydro-static design stress, and pressure rating:2S/P 5 R 2 1or2S/P 5D/t!21 (1
27、)where:S = hydrostatic design stress, MPa (or psi),P = pressure rating, MPa (or psi),D = average outside diameter, mm (or in.),t = minimum wall thickness, mm (or in.), andR = standard thermoplastic pipe dimension ratio alsoknown as SDR or SIDR, whichever is applicable.d = average inside diameter, mm
28、 (or in.)substitute d forD in equations and change minus sign to plus.4. Significance and Use4.1 The requirements of this specification are intended toprovide information to select, design and install thermoplastic,2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM
29、Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from American Water Works Association (A
30、WWA), 6666 W. QuincyAve., Denver, CO 80235, http:/www.awwa.org.5Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825,Irving, TX 75062, http:/www.plasticpipe.org.6Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., AnnArbor, MI 48113-0140, http:/www.nsf.org.7Av
31、ailable from UNI-BELL PVC Pipe Association, 711 LBJ Freeway, Suite1000, Dallas, TX 75234, http:/www.uni-bell.orgF645 122water-pressure piping systems for use outside buildings. Ma-terials covered in this specification are Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) and Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe fittings.5. Syste
32、m Pressure Design5.1 The maximum pressure ratings in Tables 1-7 makeallowance for normal operating conditions, reasonable instal-lation procedures, good handling, good joining workmanship,operating temperatures below 27C (80F), and surges likely tobe encountered at water flow velocities up to 5 ft/s
33、 (1.5 m/s).Tubing Sizes with pressure ratings less than 160 psi are listedin the tables. (Note 1, Note 2).NOTE 1See Marking section and appendix of applicable pipe speci-fication for marking pipe with pressure ratings lower than the maximumvalues given in Tables 1-7.NOTE 2Changes to Specification D3
34、350 and PPI-TR 3 led to changesin thermoplastic materials designation codes, resulting in materials des-ignation PE 2406 being superseded by materials designations PE 2606 andPE 2708, materials designations PE3306 and PE 3406 being supersededby PE 3606 and materials designation PE 3408 being superse
35、ded bymaterials designations PE 3608, PE 3708, PE 3710, PE 4608, PE 4708,and PE 4710. Recognizing that a period of time is necessary for thedissemination of information and to update specifications and literature,during the transitional period, product markings that include both olderand newer mater
36、ials designations, for example PE 2406/PE 2606, mayoccur.5.2 The maximum safe water velocity in a thermoplasticpiping system depends on the specific details of the system andthe operating conditions. In general, 5 ft/s (1.5 m/s) isconsidered to be safe. Higher velocities may be used in caseswhere th
37、e operating conditions can be controlled or a higherdesign factor than 2.0 is used, or both. The total pressure in thesystem at any time (operating plus surge or water hammer) dueto surges or water hammers shall not exceed 150 % of thepressure rating of the system.5.3 The maximum pressure ratings in
38、 Tables 1-7 make someallowance for surge and water hammer. However, whenexcessive surges and water hammer are likely to be encoun-tered, extra allowance should be made or protective devicesinstalled. The surge or water hammer resulting from rapid flowstoppage may be calculated by means of the follow
39、ing equa-tion:p 5 V4,033S1 1300 000dEtD(2)where:p = peak water surge pressure, psi,E = modulus of elasticity of the pipe material, psi,d = inside diameter of the pipe, inclusive, in.,t = wall thickness, in., andV = water velocity, ft/s.5.4 The pressure rating of properly solvent-cemented jointsis th
40、e same as the pipe joined after reasonable time for cure ofthe joint. The pressure rating of well-made heat-fused joints isthe same as the pipe joined, after the material in the joint hascooled to the pipe temperature.5.5 PVC threaded pipe shall be pressure rated at 50 % ofthat of nonthreaded pipe (
41、see Specification F1498). Pipe withwall thicknesses less than those of Schedule 80 pipe shall notbe threaded. PE pipe shall not be threaded.5.6 Joints and the allied fittings made by means other thanthose covered above shall be pressure-rated by engineeringevaluations and service experience by eithe
42、r the design engi-neer or user, or both. The recommendations of the manufac-turers should also be considered (see Specification D3139).5.7 Allowance shall be made for operating conditions inwhich the water will be above 27C (80F) under normalservice conditions. Hydrostatic design stresses for thermo
43、plas-tic pipe materials are given in PPI-TR 4, RecommendedHydrostatic Strengths and Design Stresses for ThermoplasticPipe and Fittings Compounds, a report issued at intervals bythe Plastics Pipe Institute.5.8 In piping system design the selection of a design orsafety factor depends on the operating
44、conditions that will beencountered. It may be necessary to use pressure ratings lowerthan the pressure ratings listed in Tables 1-7 when thefollowing are likely to be encountered: (1) surges or waterhammer, (2) cyclic pressure oscillations, (3) air pockets, (4)quick-closing valves, (5) pumps with mo
45、re capacity than thelines can deliver, (6) flow velocities more than 5 ft/s, and (7)similar factors or combinations of (1) through (6). This willresult in using pipe and fittings with heavier walls. Consultmanufacturers for specific recommendations. Operating tem-peratures above 23C (73F) will make
46、the pipe more flexibleand will lower both the short-term and long-term hydrostaticstrengths; for a temperature of 38C (100F) a pressure ratingof 80 % of the 23C (73F) values has been found to beadequate for most thermoplastic piping materials covered incurrent ASTM standards. The designer of the pip
47、ing systemshall use any additional design (safety) factors that are deemednecessary to cover any unusual or special conditions that maybe encountered on a specific job. When long-term factors aretranslated to short-term pressure loadings, the correspondingshort-term factors are 2 to 4 times greater,
48、 depending on thekind and type of plastic; for example, a 2.0 long-term factor forPVC 1120 gives a 4.0 short-term factor; a 2.0 long-term factorfor PE 3306 gives a 5.0 short-term factor.5.9 Pressure surges may adversely affect the long-termperformance of system components and shall be kept to theabs
49、olute minimum practical. Where surges are anticipated dueto the action of pressure regulating valves, pumps, and otheroperating equipment, the manufacturer shall be consulted forrecommendations.6. PVC System Design for Above Ground Installationwith Solvent Cemented Joints6.1 PVC Thermal Expansion:6.1.1 When designing above ground solvent cemented PVCpiping systems, thermal expansion/contraction shall be consid-ered. Expansion/contraction along the longitudinal axis can besignificant and is dependent on the coefficient of thermalexpansion and the change in te
