1、Designation: F 686 94 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Practice forEvaluation of Image Quality Produced by Carbonless CopyPaper with an Electric or Electronic Typewriter1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a method for the visual evaluationof the imag
3、e quality formed by a carbonless copy paper in abusiness form when imaged with an electric or electronictypewriter.NOTE 1Electric or electronic typewriters covered by this procedurehave a full-character type element. Examples of such elements are typebar, ball, and daisy wheel.1.2 The evaluation is
4、made by comparison of the samplecarbonless copy to a control.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5、bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related ProductD 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingF 221 Terminology Relating to Carbon
6、Paper and InkedRibbon Products and Images Made TherefromF 497 Practice for Use of the Electric and Electronic Type-writer as a Test InstrumentF 549 Terminology Relating to Carbonless Copy Products3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions relating to carbonless copypaper, see Terminologies F 221 a
7、nd F 549.4. Summary of Practice4.1 A sample carbonless copy paper is positioned alongsidea control carbonless copy paper with known image quality in abusiness form and imaged on an electric or electronic type-writer at a designated setting and pressure.Avisual comparisonis made of the typed images f
8、rom both the sample and thecontrol carbonless copy paper.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is used primarily to evaluate the imagequality produced on an electric or electronic typewriter of acarbonless copy paper by comparison with a control carbonlesscopy paper with known performance qualiti
9、es in a businessform of a predetermined composition.5.2 This practice can be used for the selection of a carbon-less copy paper where no control is available.5.3 This practice can be used to evaluate carbonless copypaper business forms by comparison to similar control formwith known performance qual
10、ities.5.4 This practice can be used to determine which surface(Coated Back (CB) or Coated Front (CF) of a carbonless copypaper in a business form that has an unsatisfactory performanceis defective by replacing each surface one at a time with controlCB or CF surfaces with known satisfactory performan
11、ce.5.5 This practice can be used for production, quality control,and research and development.6. Interferences6.1 Pressure settings, durometer of platens, and typewriterwill affect the image quality.6.2 Weight, thickness, color, and finish of the carbonlesscopy paper or of the form as well as the nu
12、mber of parts in theform will affect the image quality.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.06 onCarbonless and Thermal Imaging Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 20
13、06. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F 686 94 (2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Sum
14、mary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 Fluctuations of temperature and humidity will affect theimage quality. Tests run on different days can show variation inthe image quality. All tests sho
15、uld be dated with the tempera-ture and relative humidity recorded.6.4 Image density development does vary with time. Allcomparisons should be made with the same development timefor the carbonless image.6.5 Carbonless copy papers from different manufacturersmay not be compatible and must not be inter
16、mixed in thesample form used in the comparison tests.6.6 Differences in image color and shade will affect theevaluation of the image quality.7. Apparatus7.1 Electric or Electronic Typewriter (see Practice F 497).8. Material8.1 Control CB, CFB (Coated Front and Back), and CFcarbonless copy papers in
17、sheets or in a control form.9. Sampling9.1 Sample the rolls, sheets, or forms of carbonless copypaper in accordance with Practice D 585.10. Preparation of Apparatus10.1 Prepare the electric or electronic typewriter in accor-dance with Practice F 497.11. Conditioning11.1 Conduct the test in an enviro
18、nment with stable condi-tions of temperature and relative humidity. The test materials(carbonless paper or forms) should be conditioned for 24 h inthe area in which the test will be conducted.11.2 If available, condition the test materials in accordancewith Practice D 685.12. Procedure12.1 Preparati
19、on of Forms with the Control CarbonlessCopy Paper Already Inserted:12.1.1 Measure the width of the control carbonless copypaper in the form and remove the left half of the control bycutting with scissors parallel to the length of the form. Thecontrol may be the CB, CFB, or CF.12.1.2 Cut the sample c
20、arbonless copy paper to the samedimensions as the half width of the control that was removed.The sample must be of the same type (CB, CFB, CF), color,and basis weight as the control. The sample should be cut in thesame machine direction as the control.12.1.3 Replace the half width of the control tha
21、t wasremoved with the prepared sample. After the sample is identi-fied, staple the sample to the form. To ensure that the CBs aremated to the CFs, mark an “X” on Part 1 of the form. Thencheck that the image has developed on all CF parts of the form.If not, take the appropriate corrective action. The
22、 form is nowprepared for typing.12.2 Preparation of Forms from Control and Test Samplesof CB, CFB, and CF Papers:12.2.1 On the paper cutter, cut both the sample and thecontrol carbonless papers to half width of the test form with themachine direction parallel to length of the form. The sampleand the
23、 control should be identified. The sample should be ofthe same type (CB, CFB, and CF), color, and basis weight asthe control.12.2.2 Collate the form with the CB as the first part, theCFBs as the internal parts, and the CF as the last part of theform. The carbonless manifold set frequently contains s
24、ix partsconsisting of one CB, four CFBs, and one CF. To ensure thatthe CBs are mated to the CFs, mark an “X” on Part 1 of theform. Then check that the image has developed on all CF partsof the form. If not, take the appropriate corrective action.Prepare the control in the same manner as the test sam
25、ple. Theform may be stapled together. The form is now prepared fortyping.12.3 Identification:12.3.1 Identify control and sample carbonless paper orforms with appropriate information such as color, grade (basisweight and type CB, CFB, CF), manufacturer, roll numbers,and date of manufacture.12.3.2 Rec
26、ord date, temperature, and relative humidity ofthe testing period.12.4 Procedure for Producing the Carbonless Copy Imageswith the Electric or Electronic Typewriter:12.4.1 Prepare the typewriter in accordance with PracticeF 497.12.4.2 Release the gripper rolls tension to platen (to avoidthe staples r
27、uining the platen) and insert the test form contain-ing both the test sample and the control at the stapled end andmanually pull around the platen to the desired typing position.12.4.3 Apply tension to the platen by returning the gripperrolls to the contact position.12.4.4 Adjust the typing pressure
28、 and setting correctly forthe form thickness used and the intensity of image required.12.4.5 Type across the web the desired test pattern or usingkeys that are close to the center (“G” or “H”).12.4.6 Type the desired test pattern or each letter alternatelyin one line across the form with lower case
29、type at a steadyrate. Repeat with upper case type (capitals) to give a total oftwo lines across the form with single spacing.12.4.7 Write or type the date above the lines of typing andbelow these lines type or write the identification of each testsubject. The form is prepared for image evaluation.13
30、. Comparative Image Quality Evaluations13.1 Visually compare the images produced from thesample and control on each CF part of form for image quality.For sample CB and control CB, evaluate the images on CF ofPart 2. For sample CF and control CF, evaluate the images onthis part. For sample CFB and co
31、ntrol CFB, evaluate images onthe CF side for CF evaluation and on the next CF side for CBevaluation. The image quality is a composite of the following:13.1.1 Intensity,13.1.2 Sharpness (edge),13.1.3 Fill-in,13.1.4 Granularity, and13.1.5 Spread.F 686 94 (2006)214. Report14.1 Report the relative quali
32、ty of the carbonless copyimage from the test sample as equal to, greater than, or lessthan the quality of the image from the control carbonless copypaper for the image characteristics listed in 13.1.1 to 13.1.5.These are all obtained by visual observations without use ofoptical devices.15. Precision
33、 and Bias15.1 Determination of ranking order is repeatable within alaboratory and reproducible between laboratories. The test iscomparative and subjective, and no quantitative data areintended.16. Keywords16.1 carbonless copy paper; electric typewriter; electronictypewriter; image quality; typewrite
34、r image qualityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of s
35、uch rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for add
36、itional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to t
37、he ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 686 94 (2006)3
