1、Designation: F 711 02 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Specification forFiberglass-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Rod and Tube Used inLive Line Tools1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 711; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers insulating rods and foam-filledtubes made from fiberglass-reinforc
3、ed plastic (FRP) that areintended for use in live line tools.1.2 This specification does not include insulating foam-filled tubes and rods from other materials. Specifications forfittings and attachments to rods and foam-filled tubes forcomplete tools are not covered in this specification.1.3 This s
4、pecification establishes the technical characteris-tics that the tubes and rods must satisfy.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 12, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with
5、 its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Stren
6、gth of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidPlastics3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 acceptance testa type of test made at the
7、 option ofthe purchaser.3.1.2 design testa type of test made on a sample treated asrepresentative of an industrial product. These tests will notgenerally be repeated in quantity production.3.1.3 insulating tubes and rodsfiberglass-reinforced plas-tic (FRP) products manufactured using processes so th
8、at thetubes and rods produced will meet the electrical and mechani-cal tests prescribed in this specification.3.1.4 interior foam-filled tubehomogeneous unicellularthermosetting foam filling with closed cells blown with non-combustible gases. The foam filling shall be bonded to theinterior tube wall
9、. The foam filling should be free of voids,separations, holes, cracks, etc.3.1.5 routine testa type of test made regularly on produc-tion material.3.1.6 visual inspectiona visual check made to detectconstructional defects.4. Ordering Information4.1 Outside Diameter SizesFoam-filled FRP tube andsolid
10、 FRP rod shall meet the outside diameter dimensionsshown in Table 1. The tolerances shown will assist in ensuringinterchangeability with interfacing equipment.4.2 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the seller as part of the purchase contract.5. Materials and Man
11、ufacture5.1 Except for those test methods leading to destruction,neither the FRP tube, foam, or the bond between them shalldeteriorate during the prescribed mechanical and electricaltests of this specification.6. Physical Requirements Physical Requirements6.1 The materials shall conform to the diame
12、ters prescribedin Table 1 for tube and rod.6.2 The standard sizes listed by nominal diameter arerecommended and do not preclude the manufacture of othersizes or shapes.7. Weight7.1 It has not been found necessary to specify the weight ofthe product produced under this specification in order for it t
13、ocomply with performance requirements.8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 The external surface shall be uniform, symmetrical, andfree of abrasions, scratches, blemishes, and surface defects.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 onElectrical Protective Equipment fo
14、r Workers and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F18.35 on Tools the high-potential end of the sample shall be the same forboth tests.12.2.4.3 Test ResultsThe currents (I1) measured shall beless than the values in Table 2. The difference between I1 andI2 shall be less than 20 A.12.2.5 Elect
15、rical Withstand Routine TestsEither Method 1or Method 2 shall be used to perform the routine electricalwithstand test for both FRP rods and FRP foam-filled tubes.12.2.5.1 Electrical Withstand Acceptance Test (Method 1)Without Dielectric Current MonitoringThe typical test setupis shown in Fig. 10. Ho
16、rizontally mount the test specimen atleast 3 ft (0.9 m) above the floor on an insulating support. Theelectrodes shall be spaced 12 in. apart.(a) During the electrical withstand acceptance test, thetubes or rods shall be subjected to an alternating voltage of 100kV rms at power frequency in accordanc
17、e with Test MethodD 149 at a maximum voltage rise of 3000 V/s. The test voltageshall be applied between electrodes for 5 min.FIG. 6 Electrode Cap DetailFIG. 7 Brass Electrode DetailFIG. 8 Nylon Electrode Support DetailFIG. 9 Brass Screw DetailF 711 02 (2007)5(b) During the course of the testing, the
18、re shall be no signof flashover, puncture, tracking, or erosion on the surface ofany sample. There shall be no perceptible temperature rise ofany sample.12.2.5.2 Electrical Withstand Test (Method 2) With Dielec-tric Current MonitoringThe typical test set-up is shown inFigs. 11 and 12. The necessary
19、equipment should be adequatelyshielded to provide accurate readings. The test fixture shouldbe enclosed for worker protection and equipped with anexhaust fan to provide a stable atmosphere. A motor driveshould be utilized to ensure a uniform rate of feed. The feedrate should be proportional to the r
20、esponse time of the meteringcircuit; that is, it shall be run slowly enough that maximumreadings are obtained. At no time should this rate of feedexceed 40 ft/min.(a) With 6-in. electrode spacing, the applied voltage willbe 50 kV. The equipment shall be designed such that aflashover, excessive diele
21、ctric current will disable the motordrive so that intentional action on the part of the operator isrequired to reset the equipment.(b) Acceptable rise above ambient of less than I1 as listedin Table 2. During the course of the testing, there shall be nosign of flashover, puncture, tracking, or erosi
22、on on the surfaceof any sample.12.3 Mechanical Testing of FRP Tube:12.3.1 Bending Deflection Test (design)A tube 8 ft 5 in.(2.6 m) or longer shall be placed in a testing device such thatthe overhang arm is 60 in. (1.5 m) in length, and the distancebetween supports is as shown in Fig. 13.12.3.1.1 The
23、 support shall be of the pole clamp-type (ap-proximately 4-in. (100-mm) long) with the back clamp tight-ened to hold specimen in place while the front clamp remainsloose and serves only as a fulcrum. Both clamps shall be freeTABLE 2 Flexure Forces and Leakage CurrentATYPEOutside Diameter Flexure For
24、cesLeakageCurrent, I1in. (mm) lbf (N) ATube 1 (25.4) 220 (978.6) 5114 (31.8) 270 (1201.0) 6112 (38.1) 370 (1645.8) 8134 (44.5) 550 (2446.5) 92 (50.8) 670 (2980.3) 10212 (63.5) 1680 (7473.0) 123 (76.2) 3030 (13 478.1) 14Rod38 (9.5) 50 (222.4) 612 (12.7) 150 (667.2) 658 (15.9) 375 (1668.0) 634 (19.1)
25、800 (3058.6) 6AValues listed for maximum I1 are based on pole constructed of a relatively thinwall and filled internally with foam. Some special applications require a thicker wall,denser foam, or different materials, which could change the dielectric constant ofthe test setup and consequently I1. T
26、ubes such as these will still meet therequirements of this specification if the dry leakage is less than twice the listedmaximum value of I1 in the table.FIG. 10 Typical Test Arrangement for Electrical WithstandAcceptance TestFIG. 11 Typical Test Set-UpFIG. 12 Typical Test Set-UpFIG. 13 Bending Defl
27、ection TestF 711 02 (2007)6to pivot as load (in Table 3) is applied 60 in. (1.5 m) fromcenter of front clamping device (see Fig. 13).12.3.1.2 The deflection of each tube tested shall not exceedthe value specified in Table 3.12.3.2 Horizontal Crush Test (design)The test specimensshall be 3 nominal di
28、ameters in length. Each specimen shall betested separately. Each specimen shall be placed betweensmooth, flat, parallel, and rigid plates for the test (see Fig. 14).The length of the plates shall be at least equal to the specimenlength plus34 in. (19 mm).12.3.2.1 Reduce the distance between the two
29、plates until aforce, not greater than 20 lb, registers on the load instrumen-tation. Zero all instrumentation.12.3.2.2 The distance between the two plates is then con-tinuously decreased at a constant rate between 0.08 to 0.2 in. (2to 5 mm)/min. Once selected this constant rate shall not bechanged f
30、or that test.NOTE 1It is recognized that horizontal crush tests performed at ahigher constant displacement rate are more severe.12.3.2.3 Record the constant displacement rate selected.Record the maximum force applied to the test specimen duringthe first 0.25-in. (6-mm) displacement. All tubes shall
31、becapable of exhibiting a crush strength equal to or in excess ofminimum values listed in Table 4.12.3.3 Tension Test (design)The FRP tube shall exhibitaxial tension strength equal to or in excess of the minimumvalues listed in Table 5. Cut the test specimens from the wallof a tube and accurately me
32、asure to permit cross section areacalculations within 5 % of true value and in accordance withTest Method D 638 (see example in Fig. 1). The tensilestrength of a tube is the product of the specimen ultimate loadand the ratio of the area of the entire tube wall cross section tothat of the test specim
33、en. At the manufacturers option, thecomplete tube may be loaded to the tensile minimum of Table5. When this option is chosen, the specimen length and holdingmeans are optional with the manufacturer.12.3.4 Shear Test (design)FRP tube shall have a mini-mum average shear strength, parallel to the axis
34、of the tube, asindicated in Table 6. Place the specimens between flat andparallel blocks for testing. Test two specimens from the sametube, with the shear planes radially separated by approximately90. Apply the testing force at a crosshead speed of 0.2 in. (5mm)/per min. Record the maximum load at t
35、he point thesample shears (see example in Fig. 2).12.4 Mechanical Test of Solid Rod (design)The tensilestrength of the rod in the direction of the fibers, when tested inaccordance with Test Method D 638, shall be 80 000 psi (550MPa) minimum. Compressive strength of the rod in thedirection of the fib
36、ers, when tested in accordance with TestMethod D 695, shall be 30 000 psi (205 MPa) minimum. Therod tensile modulus of elasticity when tested in accordancewith Test Method D 638 shall be 1.5 3 106minimum.12.5 Mechanical Aging Test (design)Submit specimens oftubes and rods to cycles of simple flexure
37、 as described below.Each test is to be made on three specimens at environmentaltemperature of 60F (16C) minimum.12.5.1 FlexurePlace a tube 8-ft (2.4-m) long or a rod 4-ft(1.2-m) long between two supports consisting of pulleys (seeFig. 15), the support points being separated as follows:20 in. for sol
38、id rod 0.5 m for solid rod60 in. for 1 in., 114 in. tube 1.5 m for 32 mm tube80 in. for 112 in. tube and larger 2.0 m for 39 mm tube and larger12.5.1.1 At the center of the span, apply a vertical force toa fiber strap 2-in. (50-mm) wide, placed on the tube. The testTABLE 3 DeflectionOutside Diameter
39、of TubeApplied Force Max Deflectionin. (mm) lbf (N) in. (mm)1 (25.4) 20 (89.0) 20 (508.0)114 (31.8) 50 (222.4) 20 (508.0)112 (38.1) 50 (222.4) 10 (254.0)134 (44.5) 50 (222.4) 5.5 (139.7)2 (50.8) 50 (222.4) 3.5 (88.9)212 (63.5) 50 (222.4) 1.75 (44.5)3 (76.2) 150 (667.2) 2 (50.8)FIG. 14 Crush TestTABL
40、E 4 Crush MinimumsDiameter Min Crush Strengthin. (mm) lbf (N)1 (25) 650 (2891)114 (32) 750 (3336)112 (39) 800 (3559)134 (44) 850 (3781)2 (51) 890 (3959)212 (64) 1210 (5382)3 (76) 1500 (6672)TABLE 5 Tensile Minimums for FRP TubesDiameter Min Tensile Strengthin. (mm) lbf (N)1 (25.4) 14 000 (62 275.1)1
41、14 (31.8) 18 000 (80 068.0)112 (38.1) 29 000 (12 8998.4)134 (44.5) 42 000 (18 6825.3)2 (50.8) 43 000 (19 1273.5)212 (63.5) 64 000 (28 4686.2)3 (76.2) 99 000 (44 0374.0)TABLE 6 Average Shear Minimums for FRP TubesDiameter Min Average Shear Strengthin. (mm) lbf (N)1 (25.4) 590 (2624.5)114 (31.8) 590 (
42、2624.5)112 (38.1) 815 (3625.3)134 (44.5) 1000 (4448.2)2 (50.8) 890 (3958.9)212 (63.5) 1050 (4670.6)3 (76.2) 1350 (6005.1)F 711 02 (2007)7consists of submitting each specimen to 1000 cycles of flexurein each quadrant by applying the force specified in Table 2.12.5.1.2 The flexure frequency during the
43、 test shall bebetween 1 and 5 cpm. After completion of the test, the tubesand rods shall reveal no visible signs of deterioration, bearingsurfaces excluded.12.5.2 Wicking Test (design)Take three samples, each1-in. (25-mm) long from midspan of mechanically aged tubes,and immerse them in Superior Viki
44、ng Quick Drying Ink orequal with 50/50 ink/water solution to a minimum depth of12in. (12 mm). After 24 h in the ink solution, no wicking shall beobserved at the free end of the 1-in. (25-mm) sample.12.6 Dimensional Check (Routine)Measure the diametersto verify conformity with the requirements of Tab
45、le 1.13. Rejection and Rehearing13.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer orsupplier may request a
46、nother test in the presence of hisrepresentative, and such a request should be granted.14. Certification14.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,a manufacturers certification that the material was manufac-tured and tested in accordance with this specification, togetherwith a repor
47、t of the test results, shall be furnished at the timeof shipment.15. Packaging, Marking, Shipping, and Preservation15.1 Finished tubes and rods shall carry the followinginformation affixed to the item in a manner that does not affectthe performance:15.1.1 Name of manufacturer,15.1.2 Month and year o
48、f manufacture, and15.1.3 That the product meets the requirements and bearsthe designated number of this specification.SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirement shall apply only when specified in the purchaser order.S1. AcceptanceS1.1 At the option of the purchaser, all or any
49、 part of anorder of tubes or rods may be subjected to the followingchecks:S1.1.1 Visual check for general appearance, surface blem-ishes, air bubbles, or foreign bodies,S1.1.2 Dimensional checks,S1.1.3 Electrical TestsTubes or rods selected shall with-stand 100 kV at 60 Hz/12 in. (300 mm) for 5 min with amaximum rise of 3000 V/s or 50 kV at 60 Hz over a minimumlength of 6 in. (150 mm), andS1.1.4 Mechanical TestsTubes selected for mechanicaltests shall be subjected to the bending deflection test and theloading forces as prescribe
