1、Designation: F735 11Standard Test Method forAbrasion Resistance of Transparent Plastics and CoatingsUsing the Oscillating Sand Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F735; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines the resistance of transpar-ent plastics and transparent coatings util
3、ized in windows orviewing ports, to surface abrasion using oscillating sand.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionThe inch-pound units in parentheses areprovided for information only.1.3 This standar
4、d does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
5、 Standards:2C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent PlasticsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The
6、test method consists of measuring and recording thehaze and light transmission of a test specimen, mounting thespecimen so that it forms part of the bottom tray (sand cradle),covering the specimen with abrading media, and subjecting thecradle to a specific number of oscillations. After exposure toth
7、e abrasion, the haze and light transmission are remeasured todetermine any change in these values.3.2 At the stroke velocity specified in this practice, theentire mass of sand shifts significantly within the sand cradlebecause of its inertia; therefore the relative motion betweensand and specimen at
8、 the interface is large.3.3 The thickness or height of the sand resting on top of thetest specimen remains relatively constant during the motion ofthe cradle. Therefore, the average pressure of the sand alsoremains constant, giving highly reproducible results over theentire surface of the test speci
9、men.3.4 The degree of abrasion is measured by the amount ofchange in luminous transmission and haze after exposure to thetest.4. Significance and Use4.1 Plastic materials, when used as transparencies, covers,or enclosures, are subject to wiping, cleaning, or other types ofrubbing actions that cause
10、abrasion. It is the intent of this testmethod to provide a means of estimating the resistance of suchmaterials to this type and degree of abrasion.5. Apparatus5.1 AbraderThe abrader consists of a specimen holder,sand cradle, drive mechanism, variable power supply andcounter. One such example is show
11、n in Fig. 1.5.1.1 The specimen holder shall have a cutout approxi-mately 100 by 100 mm (4 by 4 in.) to receive the specimen.Alternative specimen holders can be used to test other couponsizes as long as they can be used within the testing limitationsdefined in this specification. The specimen shall b
12、e mountedflush to within 1 mm (0.04 in.) high with the specimen holder.5.1.2 The specimen holder forms the bottom of the sandcradle.5.1.3 Sufficient abradent will be used to fill the sand cradle13-mm (0.50 in.) above the sample surface.5.1.4 A drive mechanism shall provide 300 strokes perminute of r
13、eciprocating motion of approximately 100-mm(4-in.) travel. Motion in one direction is defined as one stroke.One forward stroke and one reverse stroke is defined as oneoscillation.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 onAerospace and Aircraft and is the direct responsibili
14、ty of Subcommittee F07.08 onTransparent Enclosures and Materials.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F735 06. DOI:10.1520/F0735-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
15、contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.5 Avariable po
16、wer supply shall be utilized to control theabrader motor to operate at 300 strokes per minute.5.1.6 A counter shall record the number of strokes during atest.5.2 PhotometerAn integrating sphere photoelectric pho-tometer, described in Test Method D1003, shall be used tomeasure the light scattered by
17、the abraded surface.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Abrading MediumQuartz Sand3The sand shall bequartz silica, graded 4/10, and shall meet the followingrequirements:6.1.1 PropertiesSee Table 1.6.1.2 Test Methods:NOTE 1These tests need be applied only when qualifying a newsupply of sand.6.1.2.1 Perform
18、sieve analysis in accordance with TestMethod C136.6.1.2.2 Plot the cumulative percent retained, on logarithmicprobability paper.6.1.2.3 Read from the plot the sizes in millimetres at 40, 50,and 90 % retained.6.1.2.4 Calculate the uniformity coefficient as the ratio(millimetres at 40 %/millimetres at
19、 90 %).3The sole source of supply of the sand known to the committee at this time isOglebay Norton Industrial Sands, Brady, TX 76825. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a mee
20、ting of the responsibletechnical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Oscillating Sand AbraderTABLE 1 PropertiesE11 Sieve DesignationMean % onSieveStandard De-viation, %Cululative %Retained, MeanU.S. No mm4 4.75 0 06 3.35 7.6 7.67 2.8 22.3 29.98 2.36 45.1 75.010 2.00 21.9 96.912 1.70 2.6 99.5Pan .
21、 0.5 100.0ARoundness 0.6+; Sphericity 0.6+; Hardness 7.0; S.G. 2.65, Loss on Ignition0.1; MP 2800/3100; Color Tan/White; pH 6.9-7.0.Typical Chemical Content (%); SiO299.48; Fe2O30.06; Al2O30.21; MgO 0.01;CaO 0.01; and TiO2 0.01.F735 1126.1.2.5 Count out 100 grains, taking care to be nonselective,and
22、 weigh to 6 10 mg.6.1.2.6 Calculate the shape factor asweight of 100 particles!265 millimetres at 50 % retained!3(1)NOTE 2There are many conflicting definitions of shape factor.4Thedefinition given in 6.1.2.6 is arbitrary and not comparable with any others,except that for a single quartz sphere it h
23、as the usual value of 0.524 (p/6).7. Test Specimens7.1 The specimens shall be clean, transparent plates,100-mm (4-in.) square, having both sides substantially planeand parallel, unless otherwise specified and defined in 5.1.1.Three specimens shall be tested. Any specimen thickness canbe utilized whe
24、n positioned in the specimen holder to conformto the mounting tolerances.8. Conditioning8.1 Where conditioning of the test specimen is required,utilize Procedure A of Practice D618.8.2 Tests shall be conducted in the Standard LaboratoryAtmosphere of 23 6 2C and 50 6 5 % relative humidity,unless othe
25、rwise specified.9. Procedure9.1 Calibrate motor speed to 300 strokes per minute with thespecimen in the specimen holder plate and the desired quantityof sand in the cradle. Sand used for calibration shall bediscarded.9.2 Prior to testing, measure the specimens transmission andhaze in accordance with
26、 9.7.9.3 Mount a specimen in the holding plate using a protectivemeans (such as masking) to prevent abrasion or scratching ofthe specimens bottom surface.9.4 Cover specimen with sand to a uniform depth of 13 mm(0.50 in.).9.4.1 A given batch of sand may be used for a maximum of600 strokes. New sand s
27、hall be used for each specimen tested.9.5 Subject the specimen to 100, 200, 300, and 600 strokes.9.6 After each increment (as listed in section 9.5) of strokes,remove the specimen from the holder. Handle specimen byedges only. Wash with distilled water for a minimum of 10 s byholding under a stream
28、or by swirling under water in acontainer. Dry by blowing lightly with filtered air or nitrogen.Alternative acceptable cleaning methods can be used if agreedupon with the customer. Measure the transmission and haze inaccordance with section 9.7.9.7 Using a photoelectric, integrating sphere photometer
29、and Test Method D1003, measure the percentage of transmittedlight and percent of haze.10. Report10.1 The report shall include the following:10.1.1 Type of material being tested,10.1.2 The percentage of the transmitted light and percenthaze for each specimen tested, both before and after exposureto a
30、brasion of 100, 200, 300, and 600 strokes, and10.1.3 Test results shall be reported as the average of thethree specimens tested.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionNo justifiable statement can be made onthe precision of the procedure in Test Method F735 formeasuring abrasion, because no standard mat
31、erial has beendesignated.11.2 BiasNo justifiable statement can be made on the biasof the procedure in Test Method F735 for measuring abrasion,because no standard material has been designated.12. Keywords12.1 abrader; abrasion; haze; oscillation; plastic; strokes;transmission; transparentASTM Interna
32、tional takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely th
33、eir own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should
34、 be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standa
35、rds, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-83
36、2-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).4Orr, C., and Dallavalle, J. M., Fine Particle Measurement , The MacmillanCo., New York, NY1959, pp 3536.F735 113
