1、Designation: F 767 98 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Test Method forImage Stability of Chemical Carbonless Paper to Light1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 767; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the imagestability of chemical carbonless paper by exposure to fluo
3、res-cent light for a controlled time period. Stability to light isdetermined by visual comparison between exposed and unex-posed samples.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to e
4、stablish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related Products2F 221 Terminology Relating
5、to Carbon Paper and InkedRibbon Products and Images Made Therefrom2F 497 Practice for Use of the Electric and Electronic Type-writer as a Test Instrument2F 549 Terminology Relating to Carbonless Copy Products23. Summary of Test Method3.1 Carbonless paper to be tested and previously testedcontrol pap
6、er are selected and prepared for imaging. The testsamples and control shall be imaged during the same timeperiod with the same imaging device and pressure settings.Images are produced either on the coated front (CF) surface ofCF paper or on the CF surface of the coated front and back(CFB) paper. A p
7、ortion of the image area for each test sampleand control is exposed to fluorescent light for a controlledperiod of time. Image stability to light is determined by visualcomparison of exposed and unexposed imaged areas of thesame sample to exposed and unexposed imaged areas of acontrol paper. Compari
8、sons are made by establishing animage-stability ranking order.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is a comparative test for determiningthe relative image stability of chemical carbonless papersamples.4.2 The light source used simulates that of an office envi-ronment, while accelerating image
9、 fade.5. Interferences5.1 Test results will depend upon image intensity and theimaging method. The greater the pressure of the imagingdevice, the greater the amount of reactive material transferred,and the greater the intensity of the image. Fade resistance isgenerally increased when the intensity i
10、s high. Also, allcarbonless papers do not exhibit the same reactive materialtransfer efficiency with different imaging devices. Therefore,the imaging device used should ideally be the same as that onwhich the paper that is used in the final application. If this isnot possible, a commercial office el
11、ectric typewriter set inaccordance with Practice F 497 (maximum impact pressurewithout embossing) should be used.5.2 The image produced on carbonless paper is a result ofthe interaction of the coated back (CB) and coated front (CF)surfaces. The light stability of the image is thus a function ofboth
12、coatings. Although the images on the CF surface areexposed to light with this method, what is actually being testedis the light stability of the CB-CF combination. Therefore a CBpaper is tested in combination with a CF paper, and vice versa;a coated front and back (CFB) paper is tested separately wi
13、tha CB paper and a CF paper to evaluate both surfaces.5.3 Only the images from the same combinations of coatedpapers should be compared (CB-CF; CB-CFB; CFB-CF;CFB-CFB) since one side of most chemical carbonless papersis affected by light more than the other.5.4 Any variation in light intensity or in
14、 the ambientconditions of temperature or humidity, or both, could affect theresults. Observe the manufacturers recommendations for lamplife.5.5 Testing differences between test facilities using replace-ment lamps may result in ranking differences due to differencesin spectral output.6. Apparatus6.1
15、Commercial Offce Typewriter, set in accordance with1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.06 onCarbonless and Thermal Imaging Products.Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1998. Published Februar
16、y 1999. Originallypublished as F 76782(1996)e1.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Practice F 497, or other imaging device as explained in 5.1.6.2 Light-Exposure Cabinet, construc
17、ted as follows (seeFig. 1):6.2.1 Cabinet, built from12-in. (13-mm) plywood. It shouldhave exterior dimensions of 21-in. (533 mm) width by 1134-in.(298-mm) height by 13-in. (330-mm) depth. The front panelshould be hinged to provide a door for inserting and removingtest specimens. A21-in. (533-mm) wid
18、th by 312-in. (89-mm)height by 1134-in. (298-mm) depth cabinet base is recom-mended to provide easy door movement on a flat table. Theinterior of the cabinet should be painted with a flat white paint.6.2.2 Unshielded Fluorescent Light Fixtures, three 120-V,60-Hz, with rapid start ballasts should be
19、installed in the top ofthe cabinet interior. The fixtures should be equipped withF15T12 cool white fluorescent tubes. Mount the fixtures andtubes parallel to and across the 21-in. (533-mm) dimension ofthe cabinet, and center 334 in. (95 mm) apart. The rear fixtureshould be34 in. (19 mm) from the rea
20、r of the cabinet, and thefront fixture 1 in. (25 mm) from the front of the cabinet.6.2.3 Single-Pole Single-Throw Switch, 10-A, 120-V, in-stalled outside the right side of the cabinet and wired to thelamp fixtures.6.2.4 Blower, 120-V, 60-Hz, rated at 15 c ft3/min (free air)minimum mounted outside th
21、e left side of the cabinet toprovide cooling to prevent heat buildup from the lamps. Cut ahole the size of the blower outlet through the cabinet panel toallow air into the cabinet interior. Mount the blower at thecenter of the panel.6.2.5 Single-Pole Single-Throw Switch, 10-A, 120-V,mounted directly
22、 under the blower.6.2.6 Exhaust Vent, 6 by 10-in. (152 by 254-mm), con-structed on the left side of the rear panel.6.2.7 All electrical accessories should be wired to a 120-Va-c service cord with ground. A15-A, 120-V slow-blow fuseshould be installed in line with the service cord.7. Materials7.1 She
23、ets of Paperboard,812 by 11-in. (216 by 279-mm),made from recycled paper stock and commonly referred to as“chipboard.” Plain 20 point chipboard with an approximatebasis weight of (376 g/m2) is recommended. Sheets of othercompletely opaque materials that are poor heat conductors anddo not interact wi
24、th the CF and CB coatings may be substitutedfor chipboard.7.2 Previously tested carbonless papers to serve as controlsand test references.8. Sampling8.1 Sample the carbonless paper to be tested in accordancewith Practice D 585.9. Test Specimens9.1 The test specimens shall be 812 by 11-in. (216 by1.
25、Base 6. F15T12 cool white fluorescent tube2. Exhaust vent 7. Unshielded fluorescent fixtures3. Shaded pole blower 8. Door hinges4. Fan switch 9. Door knob5. Light switchFIG. 1 Light Exposure CabinetF 767 98 (2002)2279-mm) sheets of the CF, CB, and CFB carbonless papers.The 11-in. dimension should be
26、 parallel to the machinedirection of the paper.9.2 For each CF test sheet, select an 812 by 11-in. (216 by279-mm) sheet of CB carbonless. The CB sheet used should, ifpossible, be the same as that manifolded with the CF test sheetin its final application. If this is not possible, use the CB sheetreco
27、mmended by the CF paper manufacturer. Similarly foreach CB test sheet, select a CF sheet under the same conditionsas above.9.3 Each CFB test sheet requires a CF and a CB sheet.When imaging from the CB surface of the CFB test sheet,place a CF sheet underneath the CB surface with the CFsurface of the
28、CF sheet in contact with the CB surface of theCFB test sheet. When imaging onto the CF surface of the CFBtest sheet, place a CB sheet on top of the CFB test sheet withthe CB surface of the CB sheet in contact with the CF surfaceof the CFB test sheet. The types of CF and CB sheets used withthe CFB te
29、st sheet follow the same conditions as noted in 9.2.10. Procedure10.1 Testing CF Sheets:10.1.1 Manifold one CF sheet with a CB sheet with the CFand CB surfaces in contact with each other. The CF sheetshould be on the bottom. Handle sheets by their edges only,since finger prints may affect image deve
30、lopment.10.1.2 In 10.1.3 through 10.1.4 an imaging device otherthan a typewriter may be used, as explained in 5.1.10.1.3 Place the manifold set in an electric typewriter withthe 11-in. (279-mm) dimension perpendicular to the rollers.Type a line of the character # across the full 812-in. (216-mm)widt
31、h of the set. Using the manual return with no line feed,return to the first character. Type an X over each #.10.1.4 Using the manual line feed (on single spacing), movedown to the next line and repeat 10.1.3. Continue until at leastseven lines have been typed. The depth of the 812-in.(216-mm) wide i
32、maged area should be 1 in. (25-mm) mini-mum.10.1.5 Remove the manifold set from the typewriter. Sepa-rate the CF sheet from the CB sheet and store the CF sheet ina dark drawer with the imaged side up. Time for imagedevelopment prior to light exposure should be the same for allsamples which are to be
33、 compared. Allow 24 h for completeimage development.10.1.6 Repeat 10.1.1 through 10.1.5 for each carbonlesspaper to be tested, including the control. Label each as tomanufacturer, lot number, roll number, basis weight, grade, andcoating.10.2 Preparing Samples for Light Exposures:10.2.1 Cut an 812by
34、3-in. (216 by 76-mm) grain shortsample from an imaged CF sheet with the imaged area runningfull width across the 812-in. dimension and located in thecenter of the 3-in. dimension.10.2.2 Staple the sample to an 812 by 3-in. (216 by 76-mm)sheet of chipboard. Expose the imaged surface.10.2.3 Staple a 4
35、-14by 3-in. (108 by 76-mm) piece ofchipboard over one half of the sample, exposing the test area.The chipboard will shield one half of the sample from light,providing visual observation of image fade during and uponcompletion of the testing.10.2.4 Repeat 10.2.1-10.2.3 for each imaged CF sheet, boths
36、amples and control.10.3 Light Exposure:10.3.1 Turn on cabinet lights and blower a minimum of 2 hprior to introduction of the samples. If new lamps have beeninstalled, a longer time of several days is suggested.10.3.2 Place the samples and control in the light exposurecabinet with the imaged side up
37、exposed to the light source. Donot overlap or place specimens on top of one another. Amaximum of five specimens (four test samples and the control)may be placed in the cabinet with the 8-12-in. (216-mm)dimension running front to rear.10.3.3 Expose the specimens to cabinet light for 1446 2hcontinuous
38、ly. Rotate the specimens daily so that each specimenis located on the left, center, and right for an equal time duringthe 144 h.10.3.4 At the end of the exposure period, remove thespecimens from the light exposure cabinet.10.4 Testing CB Sheets:10.4.1 Repeat 10.1.1-10.3.4.10.5 Testing CFB Sheets-CF
39、Surface:10.5.1 Manifold one CB sheet with a CFB sheet, with theCB sheet on top and its surface in contact with the CF surfaceof the CFB sheet. Place a sheet of 12-lb Bond paper next to theCB surface of the CFB paper, as CB material may transfer ontothe typewriter rollers. Handle sheets by their edge
40、s only, sincefingerprints may affect image development.10.5.2 Repeat 10.1.2-10.1.4.10.5.3 Remove the manifold set from the typewriter. Sepa-rate the CFB sheet and store it in a dark drawer with the imagedside up. Allow 24 h for complete image development.10.5.4 Repeat 10.1.6-10.3.4.10.6 Testing CFB
41、Sheet-CB Surface:10.6.1 Manifold one CF sheet with a CFB sheet with the CFsheet on the bottom and its surface of the CF sheet in contactwith the CB surface of the CFB sheet. Handle sheets by theiredges only since fingerprints may affect image development.10.6.2 Repeat 10.1.2-10.3.4.11. Interpretatio
42、n of Results11.1 Compare visually the exposed and unexposed area ofthe control to a previously tested control of the same combi-nations of papers. This comparison ensures that the test was runproperly. If obvious differences exist, check the operation ofthe cabinet, the operation of the imaging devi
43、ce, and otheraspects of the test. When the difficulty has been found andeliminated, rerun the test.11.2 Compare the exposed and unexposed areas of eachspecimen. Note changes in image intensity, image color, imagesharpness, and background color.11.3 Compare each specimen to the control. Note thechang
44、es in stability of each sample and rate them to the controlas demonstrated in 11.2. (If the test objective is to comparedifferent specimens, note the changes in stability of eachsample compared to each other.)F 767 98 (2002)312. Report12.1 Report significant changes found in 11.2 for eachsample test
45、ed.12.2 Report on the stability of each sample compared to thecontrol as found in 11.3. Samples can also be compared witheach other.12.3 Establish a ranking order based on the evaluations of11.3 with the control or among themselves, if required.13. Precision and Bias13.1 Determination of ranking ord
46、er is repeatable within alaboratory and reproducible between laboratories. The test is acomparative test, is subjective, and no quantitative data areintended.14. Keywords14.1 carbonless copy paper; carbonless paper; image stabil-ity; light stability; chemical carbonless paperASTM International takes
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48、onsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addresse
49、d to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddre
