1、Designation: F793 10aStandard Classification ofWall Covering by Use Characteristics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F793; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in pare
2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This classification covers the classification of wallcovering by use characteristics, that is, according to itsserviceability in use, recognizing that
3、certain wall covering isdesigned primarily for decorative effect, while other wallcovering is also designed to achieve a high degree of service-ability.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units tha
4、t are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe theproperties of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskas
5、sessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and dete
6、rmine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor Testing3D751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals onClear and Pigmented Organic Finishes
7、D2486 Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Wall PaintsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE2404 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting ofTextile, Paper or Polymeric (Including Vinyl) Wall orCeiling Coverings to Assess Surface Burning Characteris-ticsG21 Pr
8、actice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Poly-meric Materials to Fungi2.2 Federal Standards:4Fed. Std. No. 191A Textile Test Methods (Superseding Fed.Std. No. 191) (Revisions to August 2000)Fed. Spec. CCC-W-408D Wall Covering, Vinyl-Coated(Dated January 1994, Reinstated December 2003)2.3 ICC C
9、odes:5IBC International Building CodeIFC International Fire Code2.4 NFPA Codes and Standards:6NFPA 101 Life Safety CodeNFPA 265 Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room FireGrowth Contribution of Textile Coverings on Full HeightPanels and WallsNFPA 286 Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Contribu-
10、tion of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room FireGrowthNFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code2.5 UL Standard:7UL 723 Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Build-ing Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 abrasion resistanceability to withst
11、and mechanicalaction such as rubbing, scraping, or scrubbing that mayprogressively tend to remove material from the surface of awall covering.3.1.2 blocking resistanceability to resist adhesion orsticking between two surfaces of a wall covering that touchunder uniform loading and temperature conditi
12、ons for a speci-fied time.1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.15 onWallcoverings.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition
13、approved in 2010 as F793 10. DOI:10.1520/F0793-10A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn
14、. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, ATTN: NPODS.5Available from International Code Council (ICC), 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite600, Fall
15、s Church, VA 22041.6Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.7Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
16、 Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.3 breaking strengthability of a wall covering to with-stand a pulling force in the plane of the web.3.1.4 coating adhesionmeasure of the strength of thebond between the surface coating and the backing or substrateof a wall covering.3.1.5 cold cracking
17、resistanceability to resist cracking ofthe coated or decorative surface when a wall covering is foldedduring exposure to low temperatures.3.1.6 colorfastnessability to resist change or loss of colorresulting from exposure to light.3.1.7 crocking resistanceability to resist transfer of colorfrom a wa
18、ll covering surface when rubbed.3.1.8 flame spread indexcomparative measure expressedas a dimensionless number, derived from visual measurementsof the spread of flame versus time in Test Method E84 (see1.3).3.1.9 heat aging resistanceability to resist deterioration ofthe coated or decorative surface
19、 when a wall covering isexposed to elevated temperatures over an extended period.3.1.10 mildew-resistant wall coveringwall covering thathas been treated to deter the growth of fungi (mildew) on thedecorative surface.3.1.11 peelable wall coveringwall covering from whichthe decorative surface may be d
20、ry-peeled from the substrate,leaving a continuous layer of the substrate on the wall, whenthe wall covering has been installed and peeled in accordancewith the manufacturers instructions.3.1.12 scrubbabilityability of a wall covering to with-stand scrubbing with a brush and a prescribed detergentsol
21、ution.3.1.13 shrinkabilitychange in the dimension of the wallcovering after wetting it and drying it.3.1.14 smoke developed indexcomparative measure ex-pressed as a dimensionless number, derived from measure-ments of smoke obscuration versus time in Test Method E84.3.1.15 stain resistanceability of
22、a wall covering to showno appreciable change in appearance after application andremoval of specified reagents.3.1.16 strippable wall coveringwall covering that can bedry-stripped from the wall after having been installed andstripped in accordance with the manufacturers instructions,leaving a minimum
23、 of product residue on the wall and withoutdamage to the wall surface.3.1.17 tear strengthability of a wall covering to resist thepropagation of an existing tear.3.1.18 wall coveringflexible product designed to coverwalls and ceilings for decorative or functional purposes, orboth.3.1.19 washabilitya
24、bility of a wall covering to withstandoccasional sponging with a prescribed detergent solution.4. Significance and Use4.1 This classification provides criteria by which wall cov-ering of appropriate use characteristics can be chosen forparticular residential and commercial decorating applications.5.
25、 Basis of Classification5.1 Wall covering is classified based on its performance intests for:Abrasion resistanceBlocking resistanceBreaking strengthCoating adhesionCold cracking resistanceColorfastnessCrocking resistanceHeat aging resistanceMaximum flame spread indexMaximum shrinkageMaximum smoke de
26、veloped indexOther flammability characteristicsScrubbabilityStain resistanceTear resistanceWashability5.2 Wall covering shall be classified in accordance with theperformance criteria listed in Table 1 when tested in accor-dance with the appropriate test methods in Section 7.5.2.1 Category I, Decorat
27、ive OnlyWall covering manu-factured for decorative purposes that can be hung withoutdamage in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.5.2.2 Category II, Decorative with Medium ServiceabilityWall covering primarily decorative but more washable andcolorfast than Category I wall covering.5.2.3 C
28、ategory III, Decorative with High ServiceabilityWall covering manufactured for medium use, where abrasionresistance, stain resistance, scrubbability, and increased color-fastness are necessary. Category III wall covering must alsomeet breaking strength and crocking resistance criteria.5.2.4 Category
29、 IV, Type I Commercial ServiceabilityWallcovering manufactured for use where higher abrasion resis-tance, stain resistance, and scrubbability are necessary in heavyconsumer and light commercial use. Category IV wall coveringmust also meet crocking resistance, tear resistance, blockingresistance, col
30、d cracking resistance, heat aging resistance, andbreaking strength criteria. Wall covering meets Type I perfor-mance as defined by Fed. Spec. CCC-W-408D.5.2.5 Category V, Type II Commercial ServiceabilityWallcovering manufactured for use where better wearing qualitiesare required and exposure to wea
31、r is greater than normal.Category V wall covering must meet high abrasion resistance,stain resistance, and colorfastness criteria, in addition to highercrocking resistance, tear resistance, and breaking strengthcriteria than Categories I to IV. Blocking resistance, coldcracking resistance, coating a
32、dhesion, and heat aging resistancetests also apply. Wall covering meets Type II performance asdefined by Fed. Spec. CCC-W-408D.5.2.6 Category VI, Type III Commercial ServiceabilityWall covering manufactured for use in heavy traffic areas.Category VI wall covering must meet highest abrasion resis-tan
33、ce, stain resistance, tear resistance, colorfastness, crockingresistance, and breaking strength criteria. Blocking resistance,coating adhesion, cold cracking resistance, and heat agingresistance tests also apply. Wall covering meets Type IIIperformance as defined by Fed. Spec. CCC-W-408D.5.3 Wall co
34、vering required to exhibit a flammability classi-fication shall be tested and classified as a “Class A, B, or CInterior Finish” in accordance one of the codes below:F793 10a25.3.1 Chapter 10 of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code,5.3.2 Chapter 10 of NFPA 5000, Building Construction andSafety Code,5.3.3 Chapt
35、er 8 of IBC, International Building Code, and5.3.4 Chapter 8 of IFC, International Fire Code.5.3.5 Test Method E84 is suitable for assessing the flamespread index and smoke developed index of a wall covering.When a wall covering is tested using Test Method E84,itisclassified by the codes as follows:
36、5.3.5.1 A Class A material exhibits a flame spread index nogreater than 25 and a smoke developed index no greater than450,5.3.5.2 A Class B material exhibits a flame spread indexgreater than 25 but no greater 75 and a smoke developed indexno greater than 450, and5.3.5.3 A Class C material exhibits a
37、 flame spread indexgreater than 75 but no greater than 200 and a smoke developedindex no greater than 450.5.3.6 Tests conducted in accordance with with UL 723 arelikely to produce results that are consistent with those producedfrom tests in accordance with Test Method E84.5.3.7 If textile, paper, or
38、 vinyl wall coverings are tested inaccordance with Test Method E84, the tests shall be conductedusing the specimen preparation and mounting methods con-tained in Practice E2404.5.3.8 Tests conducted in accordance with NFPA 286,aroom-corner fire test, and exhibiting pass/fail criteria of heatrelease
39、and smoke release as shown in the codes are permittedto be used wherever wall covering materials are required tomeet a classification of Class A, B, or C in accordance withTest Method E84.5.3.9 Tests conducted on textile wall coverings or onexpanded vinyl wall coverings in accordance with NFPA 265,a
40、 room-corner fire test, and exhibiting pass/fail criteria of heatrelease and flashover as shown in the codes are permitted to beused, with some restrictions, wherever such wall coveringmaterials are required to meet a classification of Class A, B, orC, in accordance with Test Method E84.5.3.10 Local
41、 authorities having jurisdiction, including trans-portation authorities, are entitled to develop specific flamespread index, smoke developed index, or other flammabilitycriteria, different from those in the codes described.5.4 Wall covering described as peelable shall be capable ofhaving the decorat
42、ive surface removed as a discrete self-supporting film by a dry method defined by the manufacturer,leaving a surface that is either removable in the conventionalmanner or able to be left on the wall for rehanging.5.5 Wall covering described as strippable shall be capable ofbeing dry-stripped in acco
43、rdance with the manufacturersinstructions without leaving appreciable residue or otherwisedamaging the wall.5.6 Wall covering described as mildew-resistant shall beprotected to resist fungi (mildew) growth on the decorativesurface to achieve a rating of 0 or 1 when tested in accordancewith Practice
44、G21.6. Labeling6.1 Either of the following statements is suggested for use inrepresenting products as conforming to all requirements of thisclassification:6.1.1 “This Category _ (descriptive phrase) wall coveringconforms to all requirements established in Standard Classifi-cation of Wall Covering by
45、 Use Characteristics ASTM F793.Full responsibility for the conformance of this product to thestandard is assumed by (name and address of manufacturer ordistributor);” or6.1.2 “Conforms to ASTM F793, Category _ (descriptivephrase) (name and address of manufacturer or distributor).”TABLE 1 Classificat
46、ion CriteriaPropertySectionReferenceCategory IDecorativeOnlyCategory IIDecorativewith MediumServiceabilityCategory IIIDecorativewith HighServiceabilityCategory IVType ICommercialServiceabilityCategory VType IICommercialServiceabilityCategory VIType IIICommercialServiceabilityMinimum colorfastness 7.
47、3 23 h 46 h 200 h 200 h 200 hMinimum washability 7.4 100 cycles 100 cycles 100 cycles 100 cycles 100 cyclesMinimum scrubbability 7.7 50 cycles 200 cycles 300 cycles 500 cyclesMinimum abrasion resistance 7.8 200 cycles(220 grit)300 cycles(220 grit)1000 cycles(220 grit)Minimum breaking strengthMD (mac
48、hine direction)CMD (cross machine direction)7.9 40 lb30 lb50 lb55 lb100 lb95 lbMinimum crocking resistance 7.6 good good good goodMinimum stain resistance 7.5 Reagents 1 to 9 Reagents 1 to 9 Reagents 1 to 12 Reagents 1 to 12Minimum tear resistanceA7.10 192 gf 800 gf 1600 gfMaximum blocking resistanc
49、e 7.11 22Minimum coating adhesion 7.12 2 lb/in 3 lb/in. 3 lb/in.Minimum cold cracking resistance 7.13 no change no change no changeMinimum heat aging resistance 7.14 pass pass passMaximum flame spread index (Class A) 5.2 25 25 25 25 25Maximum smoke developed 5.2 450 450 450 450 450Index (Class A)Other Flammability 5.2 No flashover and heat release and smoke release as required by the codes in accordance withNFPA 286 (any wall covering) or NFPA 265 (textile and expanded vinyl wall coverings)Maximum shrinkageMD (machine direction)CMD (cross machine direc
