1、Designation: F 841 84 (Reapproved 2006)An American National StandardStandard Specification forThrusters, Tunnel, Permanently Installed in Marine Vessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 841; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scop
3、e1.1 This specification supplies general characteristics andinterface details of propeller type, fixed-tunnel thruster unitspermanently installed in marine vessels or structures.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated i
4、neach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.NOTE 1This specification supplies only general design, interface, andpurchase information and does not includ
5、e requirements for use, thrustercontrols, or associated equipment.The purchaser of the thruster equipmentspecified herein is cautioned that he must properly correlate the operatingrequirements with the thruster specified.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any
6、, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 296 Specification for Corrosion-Resistant Iron-Ch
7、romium and Iron-Chromium Nickel and Nickel-BAlloyCastings3F 25 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Airborne Par-ticulate Contamination in Cleanrooms and Other Dust-Controlled Areas2.2 American Bureau of Shipping:4ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels2.3 ISO Document:5ISO Recommendation I
8、SO/DIS 484/11 (Draft)3. Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard3.1 thrustera device constructed such as to provide aforce or thrust of controlled variable magnitude and directionto a marine vessel or structure, usually, but not limited to, apropeller mounted within a tunnel located below wate
9、r level.3.2 fixed pitch(FP) a propeller in which the blades are partof, or are rigidly attached to, the hub such that the propellerpitch is constant for a given radius.3.3 controllable pitch(CP) a propeller in which the bladesare attached to a mechanism within the hub by means of boltsor fasteners,
10、so that controlled movement of the mechanismcauses the blades to change pitch in unison.3.4 tunnela part of thruster assembly of circular crosssection which houses structure supporting a propeller and drivemechanism.3.5 peak powerhighest horsepower developed by theprime mover, or as limited by the t
11、hruster manufacturer.3.6 continuous dutyoperation of the thruster continuouslyat any power range, up to manufacturers rating, for extendedperiods, but not to overlap into recommended maintenanceintervals.3.7 intermittent dutyoperation of the thruster at peakpower or RPM levels, or both, for periods
12、not exceeding 1 h1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.11 onMachinery and Piping Systems.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2006. Published February 2006. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last p
13、revious edition approved in 1998 as F 841 84 (1998).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdraw
14、n.4Available from American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), ABS Plaza, 16855Northchase Dr., Houston, TX 77060.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1
15、9428-2959, United States.followed by periods of1hatthecontinuous rating or less, withtotal running time not exceeding8hin24h.3.8 landing barspermanent attachments, usually in theform of plates welded to the tunnel during manufacture,intended to provide joining facilities for deck plates or bulk-head
16、s, or both, at installation. Landing bars are neither in-tended to be part of the support structure for the thruster, norprovide support or transmit forces from the vessel structure tothe thruster.3.9 prime moverthe motor(s) or engine(s) providing thepower to drive the thruster.3.10 grid barsbars in
17、stalled at the tunnel entrances in theform of a mesh to prevent large objects from passing throughthe thruster tunnel. The area occupied by the grid bars shall notexceed 6 % of the tunnel cross-sectional area.4. Classification4.1 Thrusters manufactured in accordance with this specifi-cation shall be
18、 identified as follows:4.1.1 Type IFixed pitch.4.1.2 Type IIControllable pitch.4.2 Each type of thruster may be manufactured to thefollowing grade:4.2.1 Grade 1Intermittent duty for docking and naviga-tion.4.2.2 Grade 2Continuous duty for stationkeeping or dy-namic positioning.5. Ordering Informatio
19、n5.1 Requests for quotation and purchase orders shall specifythe following (in absence of specific requirements in orderingdata, the unit will be provided only as specified herein):5.1.1 Description of thruster.5.1.2 ASTM designation and date of issue.5.1.3 Type.5.1.4 Grade.5.1.5 Input Shaft AngleRe
20、fer to Fig. 1.5.1.6 Tunnel ExtensionsRefer to Fig. 2.5.1.7 Landing bars or other weldments to the thruster to beshown in a sketch or drawing provided by the purchaser.5.1.8 Type of prime mover.5.1.9 Input HP and RPM to thruster.5.1.10 Material Options for Hub and Blades:5.1.10.1 Ni-Al Bronze ABS Typ
21、e 4.5.1.10.2 Stainless steel Specification A 296 72 GR CF-3or CF-8C or other ABS approved material.5.1.10.3 Manganese bronze ABS Type 2.5.1.11 Blade hatch.5.1.12 Instruction books (unless otherwise specified, sixcopies in English).5.1.13 Tunnel insert (erosion liner).5.1.14 Painting or coating, exte
22、rnal (water contact surfaces).5.1.15 Painting or coating, internal (inside hull).5.1.16 Blade BalancingManufacturer standard practice orISO Recommendation F484 Class II Draft International Stan-dard ISO/DIS 484/2.5.1.17 Special tools.5.1.18 Spare parts.5.2 As a minimum, the following vessel particul
23、ars shall befurnished when the thruster manufacturer is required to deter-mine the thruster size; other particulars may be required by thethruster manufacturer.5.2.1 Vessel type.5.2.2 Applicable classification society.5.2.3 Length at waterline.65.2.4 Width at waterline.65.2.5 Draft, loaded forward a
24、fter or draft, ballast forwardafter.5.2.6 Dimension of keel to thruster centerline.5.2.7 Dimension of bow at waterline to thruster centerline.5.2.8 Beam at the thruster centerline.5.2.9 Vessel displacement.65.2.10 Vessel service and operating environment.5.2.11 Whether grid bars are to be installed.
25、6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 General RequirementsThe tunnel shall be made oftested steel of ABS quality or equal, fabricated, cast or forged,or a combination thereof. All structural welding shall be inaccordance with the applicable regulatory agency or thethruster manufacturers recommendations or
26、 both. All weldsexposed to (sea) water shall be overlayed with weld metalcontaining 2 % nickel, minimum. The minimum tunnelmaterial thickness shall meet applicable classification societyrequirements. A replaceable insert may be provided in thetunnel in way of the propeller tips to prevent erosion of
27、 thetunnel wall (Fig. 3). The minimum width of the insert shallbe10 % of the propeller diameter. If an insert is not used, thetunnel thickness in way of the blades, and for a minimumlength of 10 % of the tunnel diameter, shall be increased by atleast 10 % of the required thickness. Reenforcement rin
28、gs/stiffeners may be applied at each end of the tunnel by themanufacturer. The rings may or may not become part of thejoint detail to the tunnel extension.6.2 Propeller blades and hub may be one of the followingmaterials or other material approved by the applicable classi-fication society and shall
29、be specified in the ordering data.6.2.1 Ni-Al Bronze ABS Type 4.6.2.2 Stainless Steel Specification A 296 77 GR CF-3 orCF-8C.6.2.3 Manganese Bronze ABS Type 2.6.3 All fasteners exposed to (sea) water shall be of monel,stainless-steel, or bronze alloy, unless otherwise specified inthe ordering data.6
30、.4 All materials shall be free of imperfections and defectsthat adversely affect serviceability.6.5 All steel surfaces exposed to (sea) water shall becleaned, painted, or coated in accordance with manufacturerscommercial practice or as otherwise specified in ordering data.6.6 All steel surfaces that
31、 will be within the hull of thevessel shall be cleaned, painted, or coated in accordance withmanufacturers commercial practice or as otherwise specifiedin ordering data.6With reference to fully loaded design conditions.F 841 84 (2006)26.7 The thruster shall consist of a propeller mounted withina str
32、ongly fabricated circular tunnel. The propeller will besecured to a shaft that is rigidly supported in oil lubricatedantifriction bearings.6.7.1 A thrust bearing shall be contained within a housingthat is securely attached to the tunnel section such as totransmit the thrust developed by the propelle
33、r.6.7.2 A drive mechanism shall be provided to transmitpower to the propeller. This also shall be within the housingand be oil lubricated.6.7.3 The right-angle drive shafting and propeller hub shallbe removable, if necessary, for inspection or repair withoutremoving the tunnel from the vessel.6.7.4
34、The propeller shall be statistically balanced as speci-fied in the ordering data.6.7.5 For Type 2 controllable pitch thrusters, the tunnel maybe equipped with a removable hatch over the propeller topermit withdrawal of blades. This requirement shall be speci-fied in the ordering data.NOTE 1The thrus
35、ter will be supplied without the blade hatch unless otherwise specified in the ordering data.FIG. 1 Input Shaft AngleF 841 84 (2006)36.8 The tunnel shall be attached to the ships structure bymeans of tubular extensions that are part of or are welded to theends of the tunnel. No other welding on the
36、assembled unit ispermitted without the manufacturers approval in view ofpossible damage to the alignment of drive mechanism andbearings. Should other weldments, for example, landing bars,be required, they shall be specified by the purchaser before thetunnel manufacture.6.9 A lubrication system shall
37、 be provided for bearings andgears. Seals shall be provided to prevent leakage of oil out ofNOTE 1Ordering InformationDimensions in the table shall be supplied by the vendor, except dimensions EX and EY shall be specified by thepurchaser.NOTE 2The thruster will be supplied without the blade hatch an
38、d without the tunnel extensions unless otherwise specified in the ordering information.FIG. 2 Thruster DimensionsLegend:T = Minimum tunnel material thickness to meet applicable classification society requirementsD = Tunnel diameter (inside)P = Propeller diameterS = Tunnel insert (erosion liner) thic
39、kness316 in. (5 mm) minimum for D # 60 in. (1.52 m)14 in. (6 mm) minimum for D 60in.(1.52m)FIG. 3 Tunnel Insert (Erosion Liner) or Alternative MethodF 841 84 (2006)4the thruster and ingress of (sea) water into the thruster. Apressure shall be maintained within the thruster that is at least1 psig (7
40、kPa) greater than the outside water pressure measuredat the thruster centerline.7. Other Requirements7.1 Propeller Design (General), shall be based on standardseries model tests carried out at a recognized marine laboratoryor by substantiated test data from previous application.7.2 The thruster manu
41、facturer shall submit, as a minimum,the following plans for review by the purchaser.7.2.1 Installation drawing.7.2.2 Outline drawings of major assemblies showing overalldimensions, interface details, and weights.7.3 It is recommended that an hour meter be installed in thesystem such that preventive
42、maintenance and records ofoperation may be maintained.7.4 One Set of Special Tools, as deemed necessary by themanufacturer, for removing the propeller hub and blades,shafting and right-angle drive parts shall be provided unlessotherwise stated in the ordering data.7.5 One Set of Normal Onboard Spare
43、 Parts, as recom-mended by the manufacturer for one years service shall beprovided unless otherwise stated in the ordering data.7.6 Copies of instruction books of standard commercialformat shall be provided, as required by the ordering data.Instruction books shall describe the installation, startup,
44、 opera-tion, planned maintenance, troubleshooting, assembly, anddisassembly of the manufacturers equipment.8. Dimensions and Ratings8.1 Interface dimensions of thrusters shall be provided bythe vendor and shall include at least the dimensions defined inFig. 2 and Fig. 1.8.2 At its normal continuous
45、rating, the thruster shall becapable of producing a minimum thrust of 23 lb/hp (0.137N/W). The input horsepower per square foot (propeller diskarea) shall not exceed 50, for example, horsepower per areashall be #50 (401.5 kW/m2). Propeller tip speed shall notexceed 6300 ft/min (1920 m/min).8.3 The n
46、ominal thrust of 23 lb/hp (0.137 N/W) does nottake into account losses for added tunnel length, bends, or gridbars and assumes a minimum submergence of one propellerdiameter to the thruster centerline.9. Workmanship9.1 All workmanship shall be workmanlike and of accept-able commercial marine standar
47、d in all respects, and allmaterials, machinery, pieces, or parts specified shall be ofrecent manufacture and unused except for normal testing asrequired.10. Inspection and Shop Testing10.1 The manufacturer shall test the thruster unit to ensureproper assembly, alignment, and functioning of the inter
48、nalmechanisms.10.2 The manufacturer shall inform the purchaser at leastten days before testing such that the testing may be witnessedshould the purchaser so desire.10.3 During manufacture of the thruster, inspection recordsshall be made of at least the following:10.3.1 Backlash, alignment, and patte
49、rn of gear (if used).10.3.2 Blade tip clearances, each blade at eight equallyspaced intervals.10.3.3 For units with detachable blades, the blade weightand balance.10.3.4 Mounting and clearance dimensions.10.4 Final test and inspection shall include at least thefollowing:10.4.1 FP Units:10.4.1.1 Spin test in air of sufficient duration to verifysatisfactory operation,10.4.1.2 Oil temperature before and during spin test, and10.4.1.3 Visual inspection for leaks before and after spintest.10.4.2 CP Units:10.4.2.1 Spin test in air of sufficient dura
