1、Designation: F841 84 (Reapproved 2011)An American National StandardStandard Specification forThrusters, Tunnel, Permanently Installed in Marine Vessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F841; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 Th
3、is specification supplies general characteristics andinterface details of propeller type, fixed-tunnel thruster unitspermanently installed in marine vessels or structures.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach s
4、ystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.NOTE 1This specification supplies only general design, interface, andpurchase information and does not include requi
5、rements for use, thrustercontrols, or associated equipment.The purchaser of the thruster equipmentspecified herein is cautioned that he must properly correlate the operatingrequirements with the thruster specified.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, assoc
6、iated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:23A296 Discontinued 1980: Specification for Corrosion-Resis
7、tant Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium Nickel andNickel-B Alloy Castings; Replaced by A 743, A 7443F25 Test Method for Sizing and CountingAirborne Particu-late Contamination in Cleanrooms and Other Dust-Controlled Areas2.2 American Bureau of Shipping:4ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels2
8、.3 ISO Document:5ISO Recommendation ISO/DIS 484/11 (Draft)3. Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard3.1 thrustera device constructed such as to provide aforce or thrust of controlled variable magnitude and directionto a marine vessel or structure, usually, but not limited to, apropeller mount
9、ed within a tunnel located below water level.3.2 fixed pitch(FP) a propeller in which the blades are partof, or are rigidly attached to, the hub such that the propellerpitch is constant for a given radius.3.3 controllable pitch(CP) a propeller in which the bladesare attached to a mechanism within th
10、e hub by means of boltsor fasteners, so that controlled movement of the mechanismcauses the blades to change pitch in unison.3.4 tunnela part of thruster assembly of circular crosssection which houses structure supporting a propeller and drivemechanism.3.5 peak powerhighest horsepower developed by t
11、heprime mover, or as limited by the thruster manufacturer.3.6 continuous dutyoperation of the thruster continuouslyat any power range, up to manufacturers rating, for extendedperiods, but not to overlap into recommended maintenanceintervals.3.7 intermittent dutyoperation of the thruster at peakpower
12、 or RPM levels, or both, for periods not exceeding 1 hfollowed by periods of1hatthecontinuous rating or less, withtotal running time not exceeding8hin24h.3.8 landing barspermanent attachments, usually in theform of plates welded to the tunnel during manufacture,intended to provide joining facilities
13、 for deck plates or bulk-heads, or both, at installation. Landing bars are neither in-tended to be part of the support structure for the thruster, norprovide support or transmit forces from the vessel structure tothe thruster.3.9 prime moverthe motor(s) or engine(s) providing thepower to drive the t
14、hruster.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.11 onMachinery and Piping Systems.Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edi
15、tion approved in 2006 as F841 84 (2006).DOI: 10.1520/F0841-84R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM webs
16、ite.3Withdrawn.4Available from American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), ABS Plaza, 16855Northchase Dr., Houston, TX 77060, http:/www.eagle.org.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 B
17、arr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.10 grid barsbars installed at the tunnel entrances in theform of a mesh to prevent large objects from passing throughthe thruster tunnel. The area occupied by the grid bars shall notexceed 6 % of the tunnel cross-sectio
18、nal area.4. Classification4.1 Thrusters manufactured in accordance with this specifi-cation shall be identified as follows:4.1.1 Type IFixed pitch.4.1.2 Type IIControllable pitch.4.2 Each type of thruster may be manufactured to thefollowing grade:4.2.1 Grade 1Intermittent duty for docking and naviga
19、-tion.4.2.2 Grade 2Continuous duty for stationkeeping or dy-namic positioning.5. Ordering Information5.1 Requests for quotation and purchase orders shall specifythe following (in absence of specific requirements in orderingdata, the unit will be provided only as specified herein):5.1.1 Description o
20、f thruster.5.1.2 ASTM designation and date of issue.5.1.3 Type.5.1.4 Grade.5.1.5 Input Shaft AngleRefer to Fig. 1.5.1.6 Tunnel ExtensionsRefer to Fig. 2.5.1.7 Landing bars or other weldments to the thruster to beshown in a sketch or drawing provided by the purchaser.5.1.8 Type of prime mover.5.1.9 I
21、nput HP and RPM to thruster.5.1.10 Material Options for Hub and Blades:5.1.10.1 Ni-Al Bronze ABS Type 4.5.1.10.2 Stainless steel SpecificationA296 72 GR CF-3 orCF-8C or other ABS approved material.5.1.10.3 Manganese bronze ABS Type 2.5.1.11 Blade hatch.5.1.12 Instruction books (unless otherwise spec
22、ified, sixcopies in English).5.1.13 Tunnel insert (erosion liner).5.1.14 Painting or coating, external (water contact surfaces).5.1.15 Painting or coating, internal (inside hull).5.1.16 Blade BalancingManufacturer standard practice orISO Recommendation F484 Class II Draft International Stan-dard ISO
23、/DIS 484/2.5.1.17 Special tools.5.1.18 Spare parts.5.2 As a minimum, the following vessel particulars shall befurnished when the thruster manufacturer is required to deter-mine the thruster size; other particulars may be required by thethruster manufacturer.5.2.1 Vessel type.5.2.2 Applicable classif
24、ication society.5.2.3 Length at waterline.65.2.4 Width at waterline.65.2.5 Draft, loaded forward after or draft, ballast forwardafter.5.2.6 Dimension of keel to thruster centerline.5.2.7 Dimension of bow at waterline to thruster centerline.5.2.8 Beam at the thruster centerline.5.2.9 Vessel displacem
25、ent.65.2.10 Vessel service and operating environment.5.2.11 Whether grid bars are to be installed.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 General RequirementsThe tunnel shall be made oftested steel of ABS quality or equal, fabricated, cast or forged,or a combination thereof. All structural welding shall be
26、inaccordance with the applicable regulatory agency or thethruster manufacturers recommendations or both. All weldsexposed to (sea) water shall be overlayed with weld metalcontaining 2 % nickel, minimum. The minimum tunnelmaterial thickness shall meet applicable classification societyrequirements. A
27、replaceable insert may be provided in thetunnel in way of the propeller tips to prevent erosion of thetunnel wall (Fig. 3). The minimum width of the insert shallbe10 % of the propeller diameter. If an insert is not used, thetunnel thickness in way of the blades, and for a minimumlength of 10 % of th
28、e tunnel diameter, shall be increased by atleast 10 % of the required thickness. Reenforcement rings/stiffeners may be applied at each end of the tunnel by themanufacturer. The rings may or may not become part of thejoint detail to the tunnel extension.6.2 Propeller blades and hub may be one of the
29、followingmaterials or other material approved by the applicable classi-fication society and shall be specified in the ordering data.6.2.1 Ni-Al Bronze ABS Type 4.6.2.2 Stainless Steel Specification A296 77 GR CF-3 orCF-8C.6.2.3 Manganese Bronze ABS Type 2.6.3 All fasteners exposed to (sea) water sha
30、ll be of monel,stainless-steel, or bronze alloy, unless otherwise specified inthe ordering data.6.4 All materials shall be free of imperfections and defectsthat adversely affect serviceability.6.5 All steel surfaces exposed to (sea) water shall becleaned, painted, or coated in accordance with manufa
31、cturerscommercial practice or as otherwise specified in ordering data.6.6 All steel surfaces that will be within the hull of thevessel shall be cleaned, painted, or coated in accordance withmanufacturers commercial practice or as otherwise specifiedin ordering data.6.7 The thruster shall consist of
32、a propeller mounted withina strongly fabricated circular tunnel. The propeller will besecured to a shaft that is rigidly supported in oil lubricatedantifriction bearings.6.7.1 A thrust bearing shall be contained within a housingthat is securely attached to the tunnel section such as totransmit the t
33、hrust developed by the propeller.6.7.2 A drive mechanism shall be provided to transmitpower to the propeller. This also shall be within the housingand be oil lubricated.6With reference to fully loaded design conditions.F841 84 (2011)26.7.3 The right-angle drive shafting and propeller hub shallbe rem
34、ovable, if necessary, for inspection or repair withoutremoving the tunnel from the vessel.6.7.4 The propeller shall be statistically balanced as speci-fied in the ordering data.6.7.5 For Type 2 controllable pitch thrusters, the tunnel maybe equipped with a removable hatch over the propeller topermit
35、 withdrawal of blades. This requirement shall be speci-fied in the ordering data.6.8 The tunnel shall be attached to the ships structure bymeans of tubular extensions that are part of or are welded to theends of the tunnel. No other welding on the assembled unit ispermitted without the manufacturers
36、 approval in view ofpossible damage to the alignment of drive mechanism andbearings. Should other weldments, for example, landing bars,be required, they shall be specified by the purchaser before thetunnel manufacture.6.9 A lubrication system shall be provided for bearings andgears. Seals shall be p
37、rovided to prevent leakage of oil out ofthe thruster and ingress of (sea) water into the thruster. Apressure shall be maintained within the thruster that is at leastNOTE 1The thruster will be supplied without the blade hatch unless otherwise specified in the ordering data.FIG. 1 Input Shaft AngleF84
38、1 84 (2011)31 psig (7 kPa) greater than the outside water pressure measuredat the thruster centerline.7. Other Requirements7.1 Propeller Design (General), shall be based on standardseries model tests carried out at a recognized marine laboratoryor by substantiated test data from previous application
39、.7.2 The thruster manufacturer shall submit, as a minimum,the following plans for review by the purchaser.7.2.1 Installation drawing.7.2.2 Outline drawings of major assemblies showing overalldimensions, interface details, and weights.NOTE 1Ordering InformationDimensions in the table shall be supplie
40、d by the vendor, except dimensions EX and EY shall be specified by thepurchaser.NOTE 2The thruster will be supplied without the blade hatch and without the tunnel extensions unless otherwise specified in the ordering information.FIG. 2 Thruster DimensionsLegend:T = Minimum tunnel material thickness
41、to meet applicable classification society requirementsD = Tunnel diameter (inside)P = Propeller diameterS = Tunnel insert (erosion liner) thickness316 in. (5 mm) minimum for D # 60 in. (1.52 m)14 in. (6 mm) minimum for D 60in.(1.52m)FIG. 3 Tunnel Insert (Erosion Liner) or Alternative MethodF841 84 (
42、2011)47.3 It is recommended that an hour meter be installed in thesystem such that preventive maintenance and records ofoperation may be maintained.7.4 One Set of Special Tools, as deemed necessary by themanufacturer, for removing the propeller hub and blades,shafting and right-angle drive parts sha
43、ll be provided unlessotherwise stated in the ordering data.7.5 One Set of Normal Onboard Spare Parts, as recom-mended by the manufacturer for one years service shall beprovided unless otherwise stated in the ordering data.7.6 Copies of instruction books of standard commercialformat shall be provided
44、, as required by the ordering data.Instruction books shall describe the installation, startup, opera-tion, planned maintenance, troubleshooting, assembly, anddisassembly of the manufacturers equipment.8. Dimensions and Ratings8.1 Interface dimensions of thrusters shall be provided bythe vendor and s
45、hall include at least the dimensions defined inFig. 2 and Fig. 1.8.2 At its normal continuous rating, the thruster shall becapable of producing a minimum thrust of 23 lb/hp (0.137N/W). The input horsepower per square foot (propeller diskarea) shall not exceed 50, for example, horsepower per areashal
46、l be #50 (401.5 kW/m2). Propeller tip speed shall notexceed 6300 ft/min (1920 m/min).8.3 The nominal thrust of 23 lb/hp (0.137 N/W) does nottake into account losses for added tunnel length, bends, or gridbars and assumes a minimum submergence of one propellerdiameter to the thruster centerline.9. Wo
47、rkmanship9.1 All workmanship shall be workmanlike and of accept-able commercial marine standard in all respects, and allmaterials, machinery, pieces, or parts specified shall be ofrecent manufacture and unused except for normal testing asrequired.10. Inspection and Shop Testing10.1 The manufacturer
48、shall test the thruster unit to ensureproper assembly, alignment, and functioning of the internalmechanisms.10.2 The manufacturer shall inform the purchaser at leastten days before testing such that the testing may be witnessedshould the purchaser so desire.10.3 During manufacture of the thruster, i
49、nspection recordsshall be made of at least the following:10.3.1 Backlash, alignment, and pattern of gear (if used).10.3.2 Blade tip clearances, each blade at eight equallyspaced intervals.10.3.3 For units with detachable blades, the blade weightand balance.10.3.4 Mounting and clearance dimensions.10.4 Final test and inspection shall include at least thefollowing:10.4.1 FP Units:10.4.1.1 Spin test in air of sufficient duration to verifysatisfactory operation,10.4.1.2 Oil temperature before and during spin test, and10.4.1.3 Visual inspection
