1、Designation: F 843 98 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Test Method forAssessing the Color Strength and Dispersibility of AlkaliBlue Pigment in Hot Melt Carbon Copy Paper Ink1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 843; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforig
2、inal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides a procedure to determine thecolor st
3、rength of dry or flushed alkali blue pigment in hot meltcarbon copy paper ink compared to an alkali blue controlmutually agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
4、user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warningstatements are given in 9.1 and 9.2.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigmen
5、t-Vehicle Systems2D 3460 Specification for White Watermarked and Unwater-marked Bond, Mimeograph, Duplicator, and XerographicCut-Sized Office Papers3F 129 Test Method for Amount of Ink Deposit on CarbonPaper and Inked Ribbons, Other Than Fabric Type3F 149 Terminology Relating to Optical Character Re
6、cogni-tion3F 221 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and InkedRibbon Products and Images Made Therefrom3F 497 Practice for the Use of the Electric and ElectronicTypewriter as a Test Instrument3F 597 Practice for the Evaluation of One-Time CarbonPaper in Carbon-Interleaved Business Forms by Use of a
7、nElectric Typewriter32.2 ANSI Standards:4PH2.17 Density MeasurementsGeometric Conditions forReflection DensityPH2.18 Density MeasurementsSpectral Conditions3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 steel scraper, nalso referred to as a drawdown knife(see Fig. 1).3.1.2 drawdown, na film of ink deposited on
8、 paper by asmooth edged blade to evaluate the characteristics of the ink(see Fig. 2).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Samples of the control and the test material(s) aredispersed in a hot melt carbon paper ink, utilizing a laboratorybatch-type heated shot mill apparatus or a heated ball mill.Resultant i
9、nks produced are compared by making drawdownson grease proof translucent paper or by coating on carbonizingtissue in a proper and reasonable coating weight range. Theseare evaluated visually, with a densitometer or by use of theelectric typewriter as a test instrument.5. Significance and Use5.1 This
10、 test method is intended to provide a means ofevaluating the comparative color strength and dispersibility ofalkali blue dry pigment or flushed color in hot melt carbonpaper inks.6. Interferences6.1 Temperature limits must be maintained during disper-sion and test sample preparation for reproducibil
11、ity of testresults.6.2 Dispersion time must be carefully timed to a dispersionlevel agreed upon between supplier and consumer. For guid-ance, the following grind levels on the fineness of grind gagemay be considered sufficient:Grind Level Gage Scale5.5 to 6.0 Hegman (North Standard)7.0 to 8.0 Produc
12、tion Club (PC)1.25 to 0.75 Mils (0.001 in.)32.0 to 25.0 Micrometres12.5 to 7.5 NPIRI (2 mil gage)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.02 onInked-Transfer Imaging Products.Current edition app
13、roved Dec. 10, 1998. Published February 1999. Originallypublished as F 84383. Last previous edition F 84383(1992).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.4Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Flr.,New York, NY 10036.1Co
14、pyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 In making the drawdowns for visual or densitometerassessments, or both, care must be exercised in holding themetal scraper in the same position each time and applying thesame pressure.
15、 The control must always be included on eachdraw down.6.4 Color hue differences between control and test materialcan introduce errors in visual strength estimates.7. Apparatus7.1 Drill Press, or similar drive capable of turning a516-in.(8.0-mm) shaft at variable speeds with a maximum constantspeed o
16、f 2000 r/min. Should have provisions for securing a600-mL heating mantle beneath the drive mechanism.7.2 Three-Blade Stirring Propeller, 2-in. (51.0-mm) diam-eter mounted on 12 by516-in. (305 by 8.0-mm) shaft, stainlesssteel.7.3 Heating Mantle, 600-mL.7.4 Autotransformer, voltage range 0 to 120 V or
17、 otherequivalent voltage controller.7.5 Metal Cans,14-pt (118-mL), 1-pt (473-mL), 1-qt (946-mL) and 1-gal (3.8-L), unlined with lids.7.6 Lids, for pint cans with516-in. (8.0-mm) hole in center(for use with shot mill).7.7 Stainless Steel Shot, diameter size as mutually agreedupon by supplier and manu
18、facturer.7.8 Strainer, with mesh smaller than diameter of steel shotused.7.9 Ring Stand, to support strainer.7.10 Metal Stem Thermometer, dial-type 5 divisions, 0 to300F (2 divisions, 22 to 149C).7.11 Two Surface Thermometers, dial, 5 divisions, 0 to300F (2 divisions, 22 to 149C).7.12 Laboratory Bal
19、l Mill, having the following equipment:7.12.1 Jacket, connected to a steam or hot water supplymaintained at a specified temperature, 65F (63C). Thisspecified temperature should be in the range of 190 to 235F(88113C).7.12.2 Abrasion-Resistant Interior.7.12.3 Vent Plug.7.12.4 Grinding Cover and a Slot
20、ted Discharge Cover,oragrinding cover with a discharge valve.7.12.5 Steel or Iron BallsCharge of14 to58-in. (6 to16-mm) steel or iron balls occupying 50 % of the mills interiorvolume. Different ball sizes, a mixture of balls of differentsizes, and different ball charge levels can only be used whenag
21、reed upon by the purchaser and supplier.7.12.6 Motor Drive, with provision for mill speed adjust-ment so that mill can be set at its critical speed.7.13 Laboratory Oven, capable of maintaining a constanttemperature comparable to the ball mill operating temperature,65F (63C).7.14 Stop Watch or Timer.
22、7.15 Gloves, insulated heat resistant.7.16 Safety Glasses.7.17 Safety Solvent Storage Cans.7.18 Hot Plates, two, capable of maintaining 205 6 5F(96 6 3C), with 10 by 10-in. (254 by 254-mm) top surfaces.7.19 Spatula, 6-in. blade.7.20 Steel Scraper, also referred to as a drawdown knife(see Fig. 1). Th
23、is has a stiff blade, 4 in. (102 mm) at the bottomwith a handle at the top. The edge should be honed toFIG. 1 Drawdown KnifeFIG. 2 DrawdownF 843 98 (2003)2smoothness with emery paper to produce a smooth, levelcontact surface. Similar in design to a putty knife.57.21 Suitable Laboratory Coater.7.22 R
24、eflection Densitometer,6with spectral characteristicsin accordance with ANSI PH2.18, capable of measuringreflection density in accordance with ANSI PH2.17.7.23 Fineness of grind gage with any of the followingscales: Hegman (North Standard), Production Club (PC),National Printing Ink Research Institu
25、te (NPIRI), Mils orMicrometers. A heated, thermostatically controlled gage mayalso be used.7.24 Weight, 1000 g.7.25 Balance, with a 0.001-g sensitivity at 50.000-g load,for weighing pigment or flushed color.7.26 Balance, with 0.1-g sensitivity at 200-g load andcapacity of 750.0 g for other weighings
26、.8. Materials8.1 Ingredients for Wax-Oil Carbon Paper Ink Composition,without alkali blue, as agreed upon by the purchaser andsupplier.8.2 Alkali BlueControl alkali blue dry pigment and alkaliblue dry pigment to be tested, or control flushed alkali blue andflushed alkali blue to be tested.8.3 Grease
27、 Proof Translucent Paper, 25-lb weight (17 by22-in.; 500 sheets) (94.00 g/m2).8.4 Bond Paper, Grade 4, Type I (Specification D 3460), 12to 15 lb weight (17 by 22-in.; 500 sheets) (45.12 to 56.40g/m2).8.5 Carbonizing Tissue, having a basic weight of 7.0 to 9.0lb (20 by 30-in.; 500 sheets) (16.38 to 2
28、1.06 g/m2)8.6 Mill Cleaning Materials, such as ink oil, paraffin, slackwax, or other vehicles used in the ink formulation.8.7 Cleaning SolventsAs selected using the nonmanda-tory information in the appendix of Test Method F 129.8.8 Cleaning Cloths.9. Procedures9.1 Laboratory Shot Mill Method:9.1.1 W
29、arningProtective gloves should be worn whenhandling hot apparatus. Safety glasses should be worn duringthis procedure.9.1.2 Insert a 1-pt (473-mL) unlined metal can into the600-mL heating mantle. Clamp the heating mantle with can,beneath the stirring drive mechanism. Place shaft and stirrer inthe ca
30、n and secure shaft to the drive mechanism. Position thestirrer12-in. (13 mm) from the bottom of the can.9.1.3 Determine the weights of the ingredients of the carbonpaper ink needed to provide a total batch weight of 300 g. Thecomposition of the carbon paper ink and the percent of alkaliblue used is
31、to be mutually agreed upon by the purchaser andsupplier.9.1.4 Weigh up the required amounts of all the ingredientsexcept the alkali blue, which is weighed up separately on themore sensitive balance.9.1.5 Add 750.0 g of steel shot and all the ingredients exceptthe alkali blue to the can.9.1.6 Connect
32、 the auto transformer to the heating mantleand adjust the temperature of the contents to 205 6 5F (96 63C).9.1.7 Start slow agitation and allow the contents of the canto mix until all waxes are melted and mixture appears uniform.9.1.8 Continue slow agitation and slowly add the alkaliblue. Stir 5 min
33、 or until pigment is completely mixed and up totemperature.9.1.9 Disengage the stirrer shaft from the drive mechanismand slip over it a can lid containing a516-in. (8.0-mm) hole inthe center. Lower the lid on the shaft and affix tightly to thecan. Re-attach the stirrer shaft to the drive mechanism a
34、ndposition stirrer12-in. (13.0 mm) from the bottom of the can.9.1.10 Adjust the speed of agitation to 2000 r/min and grind,maintaining temperature of 205 6 5F (96 6 3C) byadjustment of the heating element, until an agreed uponfineness of grind gage reading is obtained for the ink. Option-ally, a spe
35、cific grinding time, mutually agreed on by thepurchaser and supplier may be used. Also optionally, thecontrol may be ground to an agreed upon fineness of grind gagereading and the test material(s) ground the same amount oftime. The fineness of grind gage is preheated to 205 6 5F (966 3C) by placing
36、on a hot plate. Temperature of hot platesurface should be checked with the dial surface thermometer(see Test Method D 1210 for fineness of grind test). Alter-nately, a fineness of grind gage with a built-in heating unit maybe used.9.1.11 When the grinding is complete, support the straineron the ring
37、 stand above a 1-pt (473 mL) can and separate thecarbon paper ink from the steel shot, allowing ink to flow intothe can.9.1.12 The steel shot should be cleaned immediately byagitating in a can with hot ink oil.9.1.13 Repeat 9.1.2 through 9.1.12 for the control or formaterials to be tested.9.2 Labora
38、tory Ball Mill Grinding Method:9.2.1 WarningProtective gloves should be worn whenworking with hot mill and hot carbon copy ink. Safety glassesshould be worn when venting and opening the mill. Mill shouldbe located in well-ventilated area to reduce solvent fumes.Waste solvent from cleaning should be
39、put in an approvedsafety container.9.2.2 Check that the ball mill is operating at its correctcritical speed. The critical speed, Sc, in r/min is determined bythe equation:Sc54.19 / =R!where:R = ball mill inside radius in feet.9.2.3 Preheat the ball mill hatch covers to the mill operatingtemperature.
40、5Available as Russell No. 254 or No. 530-4 from Fred L. Brooke Co., ParkForest, IL.6Among instruments that have been found satisfactory in this purpose are:Model 61, manufactured by the Cosar Corporation, Garland, TX; The GAM model126P, manufactured by Graphics Arts Mfg, Co., Houston, TX, or the Mac
41、BethModel RD-517 (or other comparable models), manufactured by MacBeth Corp.,Newburgh, NY.F 843 98 (2003)39.2.4 Heat the ball mill to the specified temperature bysteam or hot water. Check the jacket inlet and outlet tempera-ture. Check the temperature of the mills contents.9.2.5 Determine the weight
42、s of the ingredients of the carbonpaper ink needed to provide a total volume equal to 25 % of theball mills capacity. The composition of the ink and the percentof alkali blue used is to be mutually agreed on by the purchaserand supplier.9.2.6 Weigh the required amounts of all the ingredientsexcept t
43、he alkali blue, which is weighed separately on the moresensitive balance.9.2.7 Add all ingredients except the alkali blue to the ballmill. Secure the hatch cover on the mill. If the cover isequipped with a valve, make sure it is securely closed.9.2.8 Start mill and run for 15 min to heat the content
44、s tospecified temperature. Check the mills temperature.9.2.9 Stop the mill with vent plug in the top position andcarefully remove the plug. Check vent for blockage if nopressure is observed. Replace vent plug and manually rotatethe mill so that the hatch is in the top position. Open hatch andadd the
45、 alkali blue. Close and secure the hatch.9.2.10 Start mill and grind until the agreed-upon fineness ofgrind gage reading is obtained for the ink. Optionally, a specificgrinding time, mutually agreed on by the purchaser andsupplier may be used. Also optionally, the control may beground to an agreed u
46、pon fineness of grind gage reading andthe sample(s) under test ground the same amount of time.9.2.11 Stop mill (at end of grind time or for a fineness ofgrind test) and open as in 9.2.9. The fineness of grind gage ispreheated to 205 6 5F (96 6 3C) by placing on the hot plate.The temperature of the h
47、ot plate surface should be checkedwith the dial surface thermometer. (See Test Method D 1210for fineness of grind test.) If grind is complete, put preheatedslotted hatch cover or replace hatch cover if equipped with adischarge valve and drain ink into a 1-pt (476-mL), 1-qt(946-mL) or 1-gal (3.8 L) c
48、an depending on the mill size. Ifgrind is not complete, close the mill hatch and repeat 9.2.10and 9.2.11 until agreed-upon grind level is obtained.9.2.12 Cleaning Ball MillThe mill should be cleaned byone of the following methods:9.2.12.1 Two or more rinsings of oil, paraffin, or slack wax.9.2.12.2
49、Two or more rinsings of the vehicle used in the testink.9.2.12.3 If complete cleanness and dryness is desired, useone or more rinsings with oil, paraffin, or slack wax followedby two rinsings with a cleaning solvent (see 8.7). Thoroughlydry mill by hosing with dry compressed air. Check for evidenceof wetness by inserting blade of spatula under the ball charge,removing and examining blade for wetness and solvent odor.Blade should be dry and odor free. When rinsing mill, alwaysvent mill before opening hatch.9.2.13 Repeat 9.2.3 thro
