1、Designation: F844 07a (Reapproved 2013)Standard Specification forWashers, Steel, Plain (Flat), Unhardened for General Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F844; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers round and miscellaneous shapesteel plain (flat) washers furnished in an unhardened
3、condition.1.2 The washers are intended for general use bolt, nut, andstud applications to provide increased bearing surface, spacing,and to prevent galling.1.3 Unless otherwise specified, the washers are furnishedwith dimensions conforming to B18.22.1, Type A, Tables 1Aand Tables 1B.1.4 Hardened was
4、hers for use with heat-treated structuralbolts are covered by Specifications F436 and F436M.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for Genera
5、l Requirements for SteelBars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-WroughtA568/A568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon,Structural, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled andCold-Rolled, General Requirements forA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsB633 Specifi
6、cation for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc onIron and SteelB695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-posited on Iron and SteelD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingF436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF436M Specification for Hardened Steel Washers (Metric)F606 Test Methods f
7、or Determining the Mechanical Proper-ties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-chanical Properties and Performance InspectionF2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-ments for
8、 Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners2.2 ASME Standards:3B18.22.1 Plain WashersB18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan-dard for B18 Fastener Products2.3 Military Specification:DOD-P-16232 Phosphate Coating for Ferrous Metals4
9、2.4 Federal Specification:QQ-P-416 Plating, Cadmium (Electrodeposited)43. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for washers under this specification shall in-clude:3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces of same item and size).3.1.2 Name of item (steel plain washers).3.1.3 Size (Nominal inside diameter and thickn
10、ess. Includeoutside diameter, when required).3.2 The following requirements are optional and may bespecified when required:3.2.1 Dimensions if other than B18.22.1, Type A.3.2.2 Finish if other than oiled (see 4.3 through 4.3.6).3.2.3 Chemical composition, if required (see 5.1.2).3.2.4 Hardness, if r
11、equired (see 6.2).3.2.5 Shipment lot Testing, if required (see 9.2).3.2.6 Test Reports, if required (see Section 12).3.2.7 Marking, if required (see 14.1).3.2.8 For establishment of a part identifying system, seeASME B18.24.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 MaterialThe washers shall be punched from ho
12、t-rolled, hot-rolled and pickled, or cold-rolled steel; or shall be1This specification is under the jurisdiction of Committee F16 on Fasteners andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivets andWashers.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published January 2014.
13、 Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F844 07a. DOI:10.1520/F0844-07AR13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standa
14、rds Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.4Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue,Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094
15、, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil/Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1machined from bar stock or tubing; or shall be forged at themanufacturers option.4.2 Burr RemovalThe washers shall be tumbled, vibrated,or otherwise processed
16、 to minimize burrs.4.3 Protective Finishes:4.3.1 Unprotected WashersUnless otherwise specified, thewasher shall be furnished plain, with no protective finish otherthan oil to minimize rusting.4.3.2 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically Deposited:4.3.2.1 When zinc-coated washers are required, the p
17、ur-chaser shall specify the zinc-coating process, such as “hot dip,”“mechanically deposited,” or “no preference.”4.3.2.2 When “hot-dip” is specified, the washers shall bezinc-coated by hot dipping in accordance with the requirementsof Specification F2329.4.3.2.3 When “mechanically deposited” is spec
18、ified, thewashers shall be zinc-coated by mechanical deposition inaccordance with the requirements of Class 55 of SpecificationB695.4.3.2.4 When “no preference” is specified, the supplier shallfurnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance withSpecification F2329, or a mechanically deposited zi
19、nc coatingin accordance with Specification B695, Class 55.4.3.3 Cadmium PlatingCadmium plated washers shall becadmium plated by electrodeposition and yellow chromatetreated in accordance with Federal Specification QQ-P-416,Type II, Class 3.4.3.4 Zinc Plating, Electroplated and Mechanically Depos-ite
20、d:4.3.4.1 When zinc plated washers are required, the pur-chaser shall specify the zinc plating process such as “electro-plating” or “mechanical plating” or “no preference”.4.3.4.2 When “electroplating” is specified, the washer shallbe zinc plated by electrodeposition in accordance with Speci-ficatio
21、n B633, Class Fe/Zn 5, Type II unless otherwise speci-fied. See Specification B633 for other thickness classes andfinish types.4.3.4.3 When “mechanical plating” is specified, the washershall be zinc plated by mechanical deposition in accordancewith Specification B695, Class 5, Type II unless otherwi
22、sespecified. See Specification B695 for other thickness classesand finish types.4.3.4.4 When “no preference” is specified, the supplier, athis option, shall furnish either an electroplated finish inaccordance with Specification B633, Class Fe/Zn 5, Type II, ora mechanically plated finish in accordan
23、ce with SpecificationB695, Class 5, Type II.4.3.5 Phosphate CoatingPhosphate coated washers shallbe coated in accordance with Military Specification DOD-P-16232, Type Z, Class 2.4.3.6 Other CoatingsOther protective coatings shall be asspecified by the purchaser.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Composition
24、 Limits:5.1.1 The washers shall be steel, and unless otherwisespecified, shall have no specified chemical composition re-quirements.5.1.2 When required, the washers shall be specified toconform to specific chemical requirements.5.2 Manufacturers AnalysisWhen specific chemical re-quirements have been
25、 specified and test reports are required,the manufacturer shall make individual analyses of randomlyselected washers from the product to be shipped and report theresults to the purchaser. In addition, if heat and lot identitieshave been maintained, the analysis of the raw material fromwhich the fast
26、eners have been manufactured shall, at the optionof the manufacturer, be reported instead of product analysis.5.3 Product AnalysisWhen specific chemical require-ments have been specified, the purchaser reserves the right toconduct product analyses on the finished washers or request themanufacturer t
27、o conduct product analyses. The chemical com-position thus determined shall conform to the specified require-ments subject to the standard permissible variations for productanalysis in Specification A568/A568M for washers punchedfrom sheet; and Specification A29/A29M for washers ma-chined from bar a
28、nd tubing, or forged.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Unless otherwise specified, the washers are not fur-nished to mechanical requirements.6.2 When required and specified, the washers shall conformto the specified hardness.7. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations7.1 Standard DimensionsUnless othe
29、rwise specified, thedimension shall be in accordance with B18.22.1, Tables 1AandTables 1B for Type A washers. Where narrow (N) and wide(W) washers are provided for, the narrow type shall befurnished unless otherwise specified.7.2 Non-Standard DimensionsOther washers covered bythis specification are
30、generally referred to as US standardwashers, SAE washers, light steel washers, riveting washers,fender washers, machinery bushing washers, machine screwwashers, and similar designations. When specified, washersshall be furnished to these standards or shall be manufacturedto the purchasers drawing re
31、quirements.7.3 ParallelismWasher faces shall be parallel within0.005 in.7.4 Flatness:7.4.1 Washer faces shall be flat within the following require-ments:Outside Diameter,inchesOut of Flat, inches,maximum0.500 and less 0.0070.5625 through 1.250 0.010over 1.250 0.0157.4.2 Flatness shall be measured by
32、 laying a flat or concaveside of the washer, if there is one, on a surface plate (so it restson its outside diameter), and measuring the maximum differ-ence in height of the other side above the surface plate. If bothsides are convex, or if the washer is bent, both sides could bechecked in the same
33、manner, but:7.4.2.1 A convex side will rest on the edge of the hole.F844 07a (2013)27.4.2.2 A bent (curved) washer shall be restrained to mini-mize the readings.7.5 RunoutThe runout of the outside diameter relative tothe inside diameter shall not exceed a full indicator movement(FIM) equal to the in
34、side diameter tolerance of B18.22.1.8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 Within the limits of good manufacturing practice, thewashers shall be smooth, and free of burrs, loose scale, sharpedges, and other injurious imperfections.8.2 Where protective finishes are specified, the require-ments for
35、 the finish shall be in accordance with the require-ments of the referenced specification.9. Number of Tests and Retests9.1 When mechanical requirements are specified, and forcoating weight or thickness of coated products, the number oftests for each requirement specified shall be in accordance with
36、Guide F1470, sampling level for the detection process; unlessthe purchaser and manufacturer have mutually agreed to usethe prevention process. See Guide F1470 on Selection ofSampling Plans.9.2 If the failure of a test specimen is due to improperpreparation of the specimen or to incorrect testing tec
37、hnique,the specimen shall be discarded and another test specimensubstituted.10. Test Methods10.1 Chemical AnalysisThe chemical composition shallbe determined by commercial test method. In the event ofdisagreement, chemical tests shall be made in accordance withTest Methods, Practices, and Terminolog
38、y A751.10.2 Mechanical TestsHardness tests, when required,shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods F606.11. Inspection11.1 The purchasers representative representing the pur-chaser shall have free entry to all parts of the manufacturersworks that concern the manufacture of the material ord
39、ered.The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers representative allreasonable facilities to satisfy that the material is beingfurnished in accordance with this specification. All tests andinspections required by the specification that are requested bythe purchasers representative shall be made prio
40、r to shipment,and shall be conducted so as not to interfere unnecessarily withthe operation of the works.12. Certification12.1 Certificate of ComplianceWhen specified in the con-tract or purchase order, the manufacturer shall furnish certifi-cation that the product was manufactured and tested in acc
41、or-dance with this specification and conforms to all specifiedrequirements.12.2 Test Reports, Normal InspectionWhen test reportsare specified on the purchase order for normal inspection asprovided for by 9.1, the manufacturer shall furnish a test reportcertified to be the last complete set of mechan
42、ical tests for eachstock size in each shipment.12.3 Test Reports, Individual ShipmentsWhen shipmentlot testing in accordance with 9.2 is specified in the contract orpurchase order, the manufacturer shall furnish a test reportshowing the results of the tests required for each lot shipped.13. Responsi
43、bility13.1 The party responsible for the fastener shall be theorganization that supplies the fastener to the purchaser.14. Product Marking14.1 Individual washers are not required to be marked.15. Packaging and Package Marking15.1 Packaging:15.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, packaging shall be inacco
44、rdance with Practice D3951.15.1.2 When special packaging requirements are required,they shall be defined at the time of the inquiry and order.15.2 Package Marking:15.2.1 Each shipping unit shall include or be plainly markedwith the following information:15.2.1.1 ASTM designation,15.2.1.2 Size,15.2.1
45、.3 Name and brand or trademark of the manufacturer,15.2.1.4 Number of pieces,15.2.1.5 Purchase order number, and15.2.1.6 Country of origin.16. Keywords16.1 carbon steel; plain; steel; washersASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with
46、 any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible techni
47、cal committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideratio
48、n at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb
49、or Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F844 07a (2013)3
