1、Designation: F 855 09Standard Specifications forTemporary Protective Grounds to Be Used on De-energizedElectric Power Lines and Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 855; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These specifications cover the equipment making up thetemporary grounding system used on de-
3、energized electricpower lines, electric supply stations, and equipment.1.2 It is common practice for the users of protectivegrounding equipment to prepare complete instructions andregulations to govern in detail the correct use and maintenanceof such equipment.1.3 The uses and maintenance of this eq
4、uipment are beyondthe scope of these specifications.1.4 These specifications for a system of protective ground-ing utilizing copper cables are covered in four parts, as follows:SectionsClamps for Temporary Protective Grounds 4-16Ferrules for Temporary Protective Grounds 17-30Cables for Temporary Pro
5、tective Grounds 31-39Protective Grounds (Complete Assembly With Clamps, Ferrules,and Cable)40-521.5 Each of the four parts is an entity of itself, but is listedas a part of the system for completeness and clarification.1.6 Currents presented in Table 1 are based upon cablemelting times, as determine
6、d from equations by I. M. Onder-donk and are to used in situations involving an asymmetryvalue less than 20 % (X/R # 1.8). See Appendix X3.1.6.1 Currents presented in Table 2 are based upon thevalues from EPRI Project RP2446 Computer Program RTGC“A Desktop Computer Program for Calculating Rating ofT
7、emporary Grounding Cables” and are to be used in situationsinvolving an asymmetry value greater then 20 % (X/R 1.8),see Appendix X4.NOTE 1Table 1 represents the clamp and assembly ratings that existedprior to this revision. Table 2 represents new ratings now required for highX/R situations.1.6.2 See
8、Appendix X3 andAppendix X4 for a discussion ofthese topics.1.7 The values stated in Newton-Meter units are to beregarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are theinch-pound units.1.8 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the testmethod portions, Sections 12 and 25 of these specific
9、ations:This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Do
10、cuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 172 Specification for Rope-Lay-Stranded Copper Con-ductors Having Bunch-Stranded Members, for ElectricalConductorsB 173 Specification for Rope-Lay-Stranded Copper Con-ductors Having Concentric-Stranded Members, for Elec-trical ConductorsD 470 Test Methods for Crosslinked
11、 Insulations and Jacketsfor Wire and CableD 753 Specification for General Purpose PolychloropreneJacket for Wire and Cable3D 2219 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Insulationfor Wire and Cable, 60 C OperationD 2633 Test Methods for Thermoplastic Insulations andJackets for Wire and CableD 2768 S
12、pecification for General-Purpose Ethylene-Propylene Rubber Jacket for Wire and Cable3D 2770 Specification for Ozone-Resisting Ethylene-Propylene Rubber Integral Insulation and Jacket for Wireand Cable3E 8/E 8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of MetallicMaterials1These specifications are under the j
13、urisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 onElectrical Protective Equipment for Workers and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F18.45 on Mechanical Apparatus.Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F 855 04.2F
14、or referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standa
15、rd is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 ANSI Standard:4C 37.09 Standard Test Procedure for AC High-VoltageCircuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Basis2.3 ICEA/NEMA Standard:5ICEAS-19-81/NE
16、MAWC 3-80 (R 1986) Rubber InsulatedWire and Cable for the Transmission and Distribution ofElectrical Energy2.4 IEC Standard:6IEC 61230 Ed. 2, 2008, Portable Equipment for Earthing orEarthing and Short-Circuiting2.5 IEEE Standard:7IEEE 386 Standard for Separable Insulated Connector Sys-tems for Power
17、 Distribution Systems Above 600VIEEE 1048 Guide for Protective Grounding of Power LinesIEEE 1246 Guide for Temporary Protective Grounding Sys-tems Used in Substations3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 continuous current ratingdesignated RMS currentwhich can be car
18、ried continuously under specified conditions.3.1.2 protective ground assemblya temporary electricalconnection between a source of potential energization and theearth, rated for the maximum anticipated fault current orcontinuous induced current, or both.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThroughout this specification
19、, kcmil = 1000 circular mils.3.1.3 protective grounding equipmentdevices installedtemporarily on de-energized electric power circuits for the4Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13thFloor, New York, NY 10036.5Available from Insulated Cable EngineersAssoc., P.O. Bo
20、x P, South Yarmouth,MA 02664.6Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 rue deVaremb, Case postale 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iec.ch.7Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ
21、 08854-1331, http:/www.ieee.org.TABLE 1 Protective Ground Cable, Ferrule, Clamp and Assembly Ratings for Symmetrical CurrentGradeGrounding Clamp TorqueStrength, minShort Circuit PropertiesAContinuousCurrentRating, ARMS, 60HzYieldBUltimateWithstand Rating, SymmetricalkARMS, 60 HzUltimate Rating Capac
22、ityCD, SymmetricalkARMS, 60 Hzlbfin. nm lbfin. nm15cycles(250 ms)30 cycles(500ms)Copper CableSize15cycles(250ms)30cycles(500ms)60cycles(1 s)MaximumCopper TestCable Size1 280 32 330 37 14 10 #2 18 13 9 2/0 2002 280 32 330 37 21 15 1/0 29 21 14 4/0 2503 280 32 330 37 27 20 2/0 37 26 18 4/0 3004 330 37
23、 400 45 34 25 3/0 47 33 23 250 kcmil 3505 330 37 400 45 43 30 4/0 59 42 29 250 kcmil 4006 330 37 400 45 54 39 250 kcmil or22/070 49 35 350 kcmil 4507 330 37 400 45 74 54 350 kcmil or24/098 69 48 550 kcmil 550AWithstand and ultimate short circuit properties are based on performance with surges not ex
24、ceeding 20 % asymmetry factor (see 9.1 and 12.3.4.2).BYield shall mean no permanent deformation such that the clamp cannot be reused throughout its entire range of application.CUltimate rating represents a symmetrical current which the assembly or individual components shall carry for the specified
25、time.DUltimate values are based upon application of Onderdonks equation to 98 % of nominal circular mil area allowed by Specifications B 172 and B 173.TABLE 2 Ultimate Assembly Rating for High X/R Ratio ApplicationsHigh Asymmetrical Test RequirementsGrade SizeRatingRated Current(kA)X/R =301st Cycle
26、Current Peak(kA)X 2.69Last CycleCurrent Peak(kA)Test Duration (cycles)1H No. 2 15 41 23 152H 1/0 25 65 37 153H 2/0 31 84 46 154H 3/0 39 105 58 155H 4/0 47 126 70 156H 250 MCM 55 148 82 157H 350 MCM 68 183 101 15NOTE 1The above current values are based on electromechanical test values.NOTE 2Assemblie
27、s that have been subjected to these shall not be re-used.NOTE 3For use with currents exceeding 20 % asymmetry factor.NOTE 4See X4.7.2 for additional information.NOTE 5Alternate testing circuits are available for laboratories that cannot achieve the above requirements. See Appendix X4 for details.F85
28、5092purposes of potential equalization and to conduct a short circuitcurrent for a specified duration (time).3.1.4 time to failurefailure time of the cable is the timebetween the initiation of current flow and the instant at whicharcing begins.3.1.5 ultimate capacitythis represents a current which i
29、t iscalculated the component is capable of conducting for thespecified time. It is expected that component damage mayresult. The component shall not be reused, except in testsituations.3.1.6 withstand ratingthis represents a near symmetricalcurrent which shall be conducted without any component bein
30、gdamaged sufficiently to prevent being operable and reusable.The protective ground shall be capable of passing a second testat this current after being cooled to ambient temperature.CLAMPS FOR TEMPORARY PROTECTIVEGROUNDS4. Scope4.1 This specification covers clamps used with ferrules andelastomer or
31、thermoplastic covered flexible cable in the manu-facture of protective grounds installed temporarily for protec-tive grounding of de-energized circuits.5. Classification5.1 Clamps are furnished in, but not limited to, three typesaccording to their function and method of installation, asfollows:5.1.1
32、 Type IClamps for installation on de-energized con-ductors equipped with eyes for installation with removable hotsticks.5.1.2 Type IIClamps for installation on de-energized con-ductors having permanently mounted hot sticks.5.1.3 Type IIIClamps for installation on permanentlygrounded conductors or me
33、tal structures with tee handles, andeyes or square or hexagon head screw(s), or both.5.1.4 Other types of special clamps, such as those for clustergrounds or for underground equipment grounding, may bemade, tested, and certified by the manufacturer as meeting therequirements of this specification.5.
34、1.5 Separable insulated connectors used in manufacturingunderground equipment grounding assemblies shall meet therequirements of IEEE 386.5.2 Clamps are furnished in grades according to mechanicalstrengths, short circuit capabilities, and duration of faults, asindicated in Table 1.5.3 Clamps are fur
35、nished in two classes according to thecharacteristics of the main contact jaws:5.3.1 Class AClamp jaws with smooth contact surfaces.5.3.2 Class BClamp jaws with serrations, or cross hatch-ing, or other means intended to abrade or bite throughcorrosion products on the surfaces of the conductor beingc
36、lamped.6. Sizes6.1 Clamp size is the combination of the main contact andcable size ranges as listed by the manufacturers. It should benoted that the main contact may connect to a cable or bus baror be used at the “ground end” to connect to a variety ofconductive grounded objects.7. Ordering Informat
37、ion7.1 Orders for clamps under this specification shall includethis ASTM designation and the following information:7.1.1 Quantity,7.1.2 Name (grounding clamp),7.1.3 Main contact size ranges, conductor descriptions, andmaterials which are to be clamped by main contact,7.1.4 Cable size, material, and
38、description by which clampsare to be assembled,7.1.5 Type (see 5.1),7.1.6 Grade (see 5.2 and Table 1 or Table 2),7.1.7 Class (see 5.3),7.1.8 Asymmetrical current or other supplementary require-ments, if applicable. (See Supplementary Requirements S1 toS10 for styles and designs.)NOTE 2A typical orde
39、ring description is as follows: 100 GroundingClamps, Main contact range #2 to 350 kcmil for 2/0 Copper flexiblegrounding cable, ASTM F855, Type 1, Grade 3, Class A, Design C, Style7.NOTE 3It is expected that manufacturers will publish catalog dataconforming to this specification that will combine th
40、e requirements of7.1.1-7.1.8 in a single product number. With that system, a typical orderdescription is: 100 (Smith Manufacturing Co. Product No. XXXX)grounding clamps ASTM F855, Grade 2 or 2H.8. Materials8.1 Current carrying parts made of copper base or aluminumbase alloy shall have the following
41、material properties inaccordance with Test Methods E 8/E 8M:Copper Base Alloy Aluminum Base AlloyTensile strength, min 207 MPa (30 000 psi) 207 MPa (30 000 psi)Yield strength, min 90 MPa (13 000 psi) 138 MPa (20 000 psi)Elongation, min 6 % 3 %8.2 Type II clamps shall be equipped with an insulatingha
42、ndle (hot stick) appropriate for the nominal voltage of thecircuit to be grounded.9. Electrical and Mechanical Properties9.1 Electrical and mechanical properties shall conform tothe requirements prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2, as appropri-ate, and the following paragraphs. See Appendix X3 for adis
43、cussion and derivation of the current levels in Table 1. SeeAppendix X4 for a discussion of the effects of asymmetricalcurrent and the derivation of the currents in Table 2.9.1.1 Types I and II stick installed clamps shall be designedsuch that a failure does not increase the risk of injury to theuse
44、r or have excess mechanical strength to prevent failure,defined as follows:9.1.1.1 In the event the clamp is over-torqued during instal-lation, normal fracture shall be such that the attached cableremains under control by being retained with the stick.9.1.1.2 Clamps with an ultimate torque strength
45、exceeding45 Nm (400 lbfin.) are exempt from the provisions of 9.1.1.1.9.1.2 Resistance from the main contact to the attached cablecontact shall be less than that for an equal length of maximumsize cable(s) for which the clamp is rated.F8550939.1.3 Main contacts shall accept and clamp all conductors
46、orstructural members in accordance with the manufacturersrating.9.1.4 Clamp shall accept hand assembly of all cables fittedwith compatible ferrules as rated per Table 3.9.1.5 Cable termination shall include a cable support orshall be made to accept a cable supporting ferrule. This supportshall secur
47、e the entire cable over the jacket and is provided inaddition to the electrical connection to the strand.9.1.6 Type I clamps shall be operable with clamp sticks andshall fit securely inside a nominal 13 mm (12 in.) wide slot inthe head of the stick.10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance10.1 Compone
48、nts shall be free of structural porosity, fins,sharp edges, splits, cracks, and other defects that affecthandling or performance.10.2 All parts shall be formed, machined, and assembledwith sufficient accuracy for smooth operation by hand, andshall be free of excessive looseness to the extent detrime
49、ntal torepeated applications at the recommended installing torque.10.3 Class A (smooth jaw) clamps shall have smoothcontact surfaces free of burrs, fins, or other protuberances thatwould impair performance.10.4 Class B (serrated jaw) clamps shall have longitudinallylevel surfaces that, with clamp movement as specified by themanufacturer, will provide a cleaning effect on the surface ofthe conductor from the serrations or crosshatching present.10.5 Snag grinding marks, depressions, and other surfaceirregularities which do not affect strength, perfor
