1、Designation: F 903 03 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Test Method forResistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing toPenetration by Liquids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 903; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONWorkers involved in the production, use, and transportation of liquid chemicals can be ex
3、posed tonumerous compounds capable of causing harm upon contact with the human body. The deleteriouseffects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma such as skin irritation and burn to chronicdegenerative disease, such as cancer. Since engineering controls may not eliminate all possibleexposur
4、es, attention is often placed on reducing the potential for direct skin contact through the useof protective clothing that resists permeation, penetration, and degradation.This test method determines resistance to penetration only. Resistance to permeation anddegradation should be determined by othe
5、r test methods.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to test specimens of protectiveclothing and candidate materials and constructions to be usedin protective clothing. The resistance to visible penetration ofthe test liquid is determined with the liquid in continuouscontact with the normally outside
6、 surface of the test specimen.1.2 In some cases, significant amounts of hazardous mate-rials will permeate specimens that pass the penetration tests.For more sensitive analysis use Test Method F 739 to deter-mine permeation.1.3 This test method is not applicable to finger tips or crotchareas of glov
7、es, which are possible failure points.1.4 The values as stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as the standard. The values in brackets are forinformation only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of th
8、e user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards aregiven in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsE 105 Practice
9、 for Probability Sampling of MaterialsF 104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Mate-rialsF 739 Test Method for Resistance of Protective ClothingMaterials to Permeation by Liquids or Gases Under Con-ditions of Continuous Contact3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 degradation, na deleterious
10、 change in one or moreproperties of a material.3.1.2 penetration, nthe movement of matter through clo-sures, porous materials, seams, and pinholes or other imper-fections in protective clothing on a nonmolecular level.3.1.2.1 DiscussionFor this test method, the specific mat-ter is a liquid chemical.
11、3.1.3 permeation, nthe process by which a chemicalmoves through a protective clothing material on a molecularlevel.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 onProtective Clothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.30 onChemical Resistance.Current edition app
12、roved June 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approvedin 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 903 - 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, ref
13、er to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.3.1 DiscussionPermeation involves the following: (1)absorption of molecules of the chemical into the contacted(challenge
14、 side) surface of the material, (2) diffusion of thesorbed molecules in the material, and (3) desorption of themolecules from the opposite (collection side) surface of thematerial.3.1.4 protective clothing, na garment used for the purposeof isolating parts of the body from contact with a potentialha
15、zard.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe potential hazard addressed by thistest method is penetration by liquids.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is subjected to a liquid for a specified timeand pressure sequence and observed for visible penetration ofthe liquid. If the liquid passes through the specimen,
16、thematerial fails the test for resistance to penetration of the liquid.4.2 In the penetration test apparatus, the specimen acts as apartition separating the hazardous liquid chemical from theviewing side of the test cell.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is normally used to evaluate the ba
17、rriereffectiveness against liquids of materials used for protectiveclothing and specimens from finished items of protectiveclothing.5.1.1 Finished items of protective clothing include gloves,arm shields, aprons, suits, hoods, boots, and the like.5.1.2 The phrase “specimens from finished items” encom
18、-passes seamed and other discontinuous regions as well as theusual continuous regions of protective clothing items.5.2 A substitute challenge liquid (for example, water) isappropriate in some cases. However, it is possible that differ-ences in chemical and molecular properties (for example,surface t
19、ension) lead to different results.6. Apparatus6.1 Thickness Gage, suitable for measuring thickness to thenearest 0.001 in. or nearest 0.01 mm, as specified in TestMethod D 1777.6.2 Liquid Penetration Tester, as shown in Figs. 1-8 . SeeTable 1 for parts and materials.6.2.1 Test Cell, consisting of a
20、chamber for the challengeliquid and a restraining ring which holds the outside surface ofthe specimen in contact with the challenge liquid on the openside of the chamber and which allows observation of thespecimens inside surface through a viewing port. A transpar-ent cover is optional.6.2.2 Safety
21、Shield, transparent and shatter (proof)/resistant,to separate the liquid penetration tester from the observer (seeFig. 1).6.2.3 Screen, retaining, optional (see Table 2), with at least50 % open area. The purpose of the screen is to limit distentionof the test specimen to 0.2 in. 5 mm or less. Exampl
22、es ofretaining screens are 11 by 11 nylon screen, 14 by 14polypropylene screen, and 13 by 13 polyester screen.37. Hazards7.1 Before carrying out this test method, identify and reviewsafety precautions recommended for handling each hazardouschemical of interest to provide full protection to all perso
23、nnel.7.1.1 For carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and othertoxic (poisonous) chemicals, isolate the work area underadequate exhaust ventilation and keep it meticulously clean.Outfit involved personnel with appropriate protective clothingand equipment.7.1.2 For corrosive or otherwise hazardous che
24、micals, outfitinvolved personnel, as a minimum, with protective clothingand equipment.7.2 Keep emergency equipment, such as a safety shower,eye wash, and self-contained breathing apparatus readily ac-cessible to the test area.7.3 A transparent safety shield (6.2.2) shall be presentbetween the test c
25、ell and the observer.7.4 Dispose of hazardous chemicals according to federal,state, and local regulations.8. Test Specimen8.1 Specimens consist of either a single layer or a compositeof multiple layers which is representative of an actual protec-tive clothing material or construction with all layers
26、 arrangedin proper order.8.1.1 If in the design of an item of protective clothing,different materials or thickness of materials are specified atdifferent locations, specimens from each location shall beselected.8.1.2 If in the design, stitched-through or other type seamsare specified, additional spe
27、cimens containing such seams shallbe tested.8.2 Each material specimen to be tested shall have aminimum dimension of 2.5-in. 65 mm. A 2.75-in. 70-mmsquare is convenient.8.3 A minimum of three random specimens shall be testedfor each material, composite, area (in the case of a heterog-enous design),
28、or other condition. Random specimens shall begenerated as described in Practice E 105.9. Procedure9.1 Using Test Method D 1777 measure the appropriatethickness of each specimen to nearest 0.001 in. or nearest 0.02mm and record. For nonuniform samples, record the lowestvalues.9.2 Place a droplet of t
29、he challenge liquid on the normallyinside surface of an extra piece of the material to be tested topredetermine the appearance of end point penetration. Thedroplet must remain easily visible to ensure that a droplet thatpenetrates the material will be seen. If not, one of the following3The retaining
30、 screens listed are No. 9818T12, 9275T11 and 9218T12 respec-tively available from McMaster Carr Supply Co., P.O. Box 4335, Chicago, IL60680.F 903 03 (2004)2methods has usually been effective in enhancing dropletvisibility by producing a characteristic discoloration.9.2.1 Apply talcum powder on the n
31、ormally inside surfaceof the specimen.9.2.2 Add food coloring, an acid-base indicator, or Oil Redto the challenge liquid.9.2.3 Apply food coloring or Oil Red to the normally insidesurface of the specimen.9.2.4 Add a fluorescent dye to the challenge liquid.9.3 Mount the first specimen in the test cel
32、l with thenormally outside surface toward the chemical chamber andassemble it as shown in Fig. 1. A transparent cover (see Fig. 3)is optionally mounted directly on the test cell as long as it doesnot alter the test results.9.4 If the test is to be carried out at a nonambient tempera-ture, place the
33、assembled test cell in a constant temperaturechamber at the test temperature. Also, bring the liquid to thetest temperature.9.5 Remove the male air line connector from the pipe nippleon the test cell. With the test cell vertically oriented, allowingthe air to vent, carefully, fill the chamber of the
34、 test cell withenough challenge liquid to be sure the chamber remains full,even if the specimen distends when pressure is applied. Use ofa funnel is one way to make filling the cell easier.FIG. 1 Liquid Penetration TesterF 903 03 (2004)39.6 Attach the air line connector to the pipe nipple, andconnec
35、t it to a source of pressure, making sure the valve is inthe vent position.9.7 Set the pressure regulator to 0-psig pressure and closethe cell vent valve.9.8 Expose the challenge liquid to the pressure(s) and forthe time(s) called for in the procedure selected from Table 2,changing the pressure at t
36、he rate of no more than 0.5 psig/s 3.5kPa/s.9.9 Observe the specimen. The specimen fails if a droplet ofliquid appears or a characteristic discoloration (see 9.2) indi-cating the presence of the chemical appears on the viewing sideof the specimen, or both. If this occurs, record the failure, andterm
37、inate the test.9.9.1 If no liquid or characteristic discoloration appears forthe duration of the test, record the specimen as passing.9.9.2 In some cases the appearance of liquid or character-istic discoloration is caused by permeation of the chemical. Ifthis occurs, record it as a failure and termi
38、nate the test.9.10 At the conclusion of the test, relieve the test pressureand drain the chemical chamber. Flush the test cell with anappropriate wash liquid to remove or render harmless anytraces of the test chemical. Remove the specimen and gasketfrom the cell and discard. Clean any external parts
39、 of the testcell touched by the liquid.9.11 Test remaining specimens.10. Report10.1 State that the tests were conducted as directed in TestMethod F 903.10.2 For each material tested, report the following informa-tion:10.2.1 Type, supplier, and lot number of the material tested.If the material was ta
40、ken from garments, report under subhead-ings for each material, composite, type of seam, or otherconstructions tested, and its position on the garment.10.2.2 Thickness of each material specimen and the averagethickness of the specimens tested.10.2.3 Challenge liquid used.10.2.4 Procedure used.10.2.5
41、 Temperature at which the test was performed. If thetemperature of the cell and liquid were different at the start ofthe test, report both.FIG. 2 Three-Dimensional Side View of the Test ApparatusF 903 03 (2004)410.2.6 Type, composition, and application procedure of theleak indicator, if one was used
42、.10.2.7 Penetration results as pass or fail for each specimen.10.2.8 Type of screen, if one was used.11. Precision and Bias11.1 No statement is made about either precision or bias ofthis test method since the result merely states whether there isconformance to the criteria for success specified in t
43、he proce-dure.11.2 An interlaboratory study found a 90.5 % agreementacross materials and liquids.412. Keywords12.1 barrier; chemical liquid barrier; liquid barrier; penetra-tion; protective clothing4Mansdorf, S. Z., and Berardinelli, S. P., “Chemical Protective ClothingStandard Test Method Developme
44、nt, Part 1, Penetration Test Method,” Am. Ind.Hyg Assoc. J., Vol 49, No. 1, 1988, pp. 2125.FIG. 3 Exploded View of the Penetration Test CellF 903 03 (2004)5NOTE 1All dimensions are in inches. (1 in. = 25.4 mm)FIG. 4 Cell Body. Penetration Tester ASTM Committee F23.30, Material PTFE, or other suitabl
45、e for Chemicals UsedNOTE 1All dimensions are in inches. (1 in. = 25.4 mm)NOTE 2Material is steel.FIG. 5 Spill Pan and Swivel ClampF 903 03 (2004)6NOTE 1All dimensions are in inches. (1 in. = 25.4 mm)NOTE 2Material is steel.FIG. 6 Cell Support for Penetration TesterF 903 03 (2004)7NOTE 1All dimension
46、s are in inches. (1 in. = 25.4 mm)FIG. 7 Support Frame and Safety Shield for Penetration TesterNOTE 1All dimensions are in inches. (1 in. = 25.4 mm)NOTE 2Material is aluminum.FIG. 8 Restraining Ring for Penetration TesterF 903 03 (2004)8NOTE 1All dimensions are in inches. (1 in. = 25.4 mm)NOTE 2Mate
47、rial is transparent shatterproof-resistant plastic sheet.FIG. 9 Optional Transparent Cover for Test Cell Viewing PortTABLE 1 Parts and Materials for Liquid Chemical PenetrationTest Equipment for Protective Clothing Material (See Figs. 1-9)AQuantity Description1 Air pressure regulator14 NPT, adjustab
48、le 010 psig relieving type1 Adjustable relief valveset at 5 psig1 Pressure gage 05 psig 412-in. 115-mm diameter ANSI Grade A1 % (a magnehelic-type pressure gage is preferred.)114 NPT 3-way cock with wrench314 NPT 3 112-in. 38-mm No. 316 pipe nipples1 set14 NPT air line speed coupler, plug, and socke
49、t3ft14-in. 6-mm rubber air hose with14 NPT female coupling212-in. 13-mm split shaft collarsMiscellaneous14 NPT galvanized pipe fittings and fasteners,readily available at most hardware stores have not beenspecifiedGasket material14-in. 6-mm expanded PTFE cord. ASTM F 104(F420000) has been found useful1 Ball Valve,14 NPT Type 316 stainless steel112-in. 13-mm diameter 2-piece Shaft CollarAPenetration test apparatus, available from Wilson Road Machine Shop, 1170Wilson Road, Rising Sun, MD 21911 and the Kent Machine Co
