1、Designation: F903 10Standard Test Method forResistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing toPenetration by Liquids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F903; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONWorkers involved in the production, use, and transportation of liquid chemicals can be exposed tonumerous comp
3、ounds capable of causing harm upon contact with the human body. The deleteriouseffects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma such as skin irritation and burn to chronicdegenerative disease, such as cancer. Since engineering controls may not eliminate all possibleexposures, attention is ofte
4、n placed on reducing the potential for direct skin contact through the useof protective clothing that resists permeation, penetration, and degradation.This test method determines resistance to penetration only. Resistance to permeation anddegradation should be determined by other test methods.1. Sco
5、pe1.1 This test method is used to test specimens of protectiveclothing and candidate materials and constructions to be usedin protective clothing. The resistance to visible penetration ofthe test liquid is determined with the liquid in continuouscontact with the normally outside surface of the test
6、specimen.1.2 In some cases, significant amounts of hazardous mate-rials will permeate specimens that pass the penetration tests.For more sensitive analysis use Test Method F739 to determinepermeation.1.3 This test method is not applicable to finger tips or crotchareas of gloves, which are possible f
7、ailure points.1.4 The values as stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standa
8、rd to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards aregiven in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsE105 Practice for Probability Sampli
9、ng Of MaterialsF104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Mate-rialsF739 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gasesthrough Protective Clothing Materials under Conditions ofContinuous Contact3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 degradation, na deleterious change in one or moreproperties of
10、 a material.3.1.2 penetration, nfor chemical protective clothing, themovement of substances through voids in aprotective clothingmaterial or item on a non-molecular level.3.1.2.1 DiscussionVoids include gaps, pores, holes, andimperfections in closures, seams, interfaces, and protectiveclothing mater
11、ials. Penetration does not require a change ofstate; solid chemicals move through voids in the material assolids, liquids as liquids, and gases as gases. Penetration is adistinctly different mechanism from permeation.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F23 on PersonalProtect
12、ive Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF23.30 on Chemicals.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F903 - 03(2004). DOI:10.1520/F0903-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, v
13、isit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428
14、-2959, United States.3.1.3 permeation, nfor chemical protective clothing, themovement of chemicals as molecules through protective cloth-ing material items by the processes of (1) absorption of thechemical into the contact surface of the material, (2) diffusionof the absorbed molecules throughout th
15、e material, and (3)desorption of the chemical from the opposite surface of thematerial.3.1.3.1 DiscussionPermeation is a distinctly differentmechanism from penetration.3.1.4 protective clothing, nan item of clothing that isspecifically designed and constructed for the intended purposeof isolating al
16、l or part of the body from a potential hazard; or,isolating the external environment from contamination by thewearer of the clothing.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe potential hazard addressed by thistest method is penetration by liquids.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is subjected to a liquid for a sp
17、ecified timeand pressure sequence and observed for visible penetration ofthe liquid. If the liquid passes through the specimen, thematerial fails the test for resistance to penetration of the liquid.4.2 In the penetration test apparatus, the specimen acts as apartition separating the hazardous liqui
18、d chemical from theviewing side of the test cell.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is normally used to evaluate the barriereffectiveness against liquids of materials used for protectiveclothing and specimens from finished items of protectiveclothing.5.1.1 Finished items of protective cloth
19、ing include gloves,arm shields, aprons, suits, hoods, boots, and the like.5.1.2 The phrase “specimens from finished items” encom-passes seamed and other discontinuous regions as well as theusual continuous regions of protective clothing items.5.2 A substitute challenge liquid (for example, water) is
20、appropriate in some cases. However, it is possible that differ-ences in chemical and molecular properties (for example,surface tension) lead to different results.6. Apparatus6.1 Thickness Gage, suitable for measuring thickness to thenearest 0.001 in. or (nearest 0.01 mm), as specified in TestMethod
21、D1777.6.2 Liquid Penetration Tester, as shown in Figs. 1-8 . SeeTable 1 for parts and materials.6.2.1 Test Cell, consisting of a chamber for the challengeliquid and a restraining ring which holds the outside surface ofthe specimen in contact with the challenge liquid on the openside of the chamber a
22、nd which allows observation of thespecimens inside surface through a viewing port. A transpar-ent cover is optional.6.2.2 Safety Shield, transparent and shatter (proof)/resistant,to separate the liquid penetration tester from the observer (seeFig. 1).6.2.3 Screen, retaining, optional (see Table 2),
23、with at least50 % open area. The purpose of the screen is to limit distentionof the test specimen to 0.2 in. (5 mm) or less. Examples ofretaining screens are 11 by 11 nylon screen, 14 by 14polypropylene screen, and 13 by 13 polyester screen.37. Hazards7.1 Before carrying out this test method, identi
24、fy and reviewsafety precautions recommended for handling each hazardouschemical of interest to provide full protection to all personnel.7.1.1 For carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and othertoxic (poisonous) chemicals, isolate the work area underadequate exhaust ventilation and keep it meticulous
25、ly clean.Outfit involved personnel with appropriate protective clothingand equipment.7.1.2 For corrosive or otherwise hazardous chemicals, outfitinvolved personnel, as a minimum, with protective clothingand equipment.7.2 Keep emergency equipment, such as a safety shower,eye wash, and self-contained
26、breathing apparatus readily ac-cessible to the test area.7.3 A transparent safety shield (6.2.2) shall be presentbetween the test cell and the observer.7.4 Dispose of hazardous chemicals according to federal,state, and local regulations.8. Test Specimen8.1 Specimens consist of either a single layer
27、or a compositeof multiple layers which is representative of an actual protec-tive clothing material or construction with all layers arrangedin proper order.8.1.1 If in the design of an item of protective clothing,different materials or thickness of materials are specified atdifferent locations, spec
28、imens from each location shall beselected.8.1.2 If in the design, stitched-through or other type seamsare specified, additional specimens containing such seams shallbe tested.8.2 Each material specimen to be tested shall have aminimum dimension of 2.5-in. (65 mm). A 2.75-in. (70-mm)square is conveni
29、ent.8.3 A minimum of three random specimens shall be testedfor each material, composite, area (in the case of a heterog-enous design), or other condition. Random specimens shall begenerated as described in Practice E105.9. Procedure9.1 Using Test Method D1777 measure the appropriatethickness of each
30、 specimen to nearest 0.001 in. or (nearest 0.02mm) and record. For nonuniform samples, record the lowestvalues.9.2 Place a droplet of the challenge liquid on the normallyinside surface of an extra piece of the material to be tested topredetermine the appearance of end point penetration. Thedroplet m
31、ust remain easily visible to ensure that a droplet thatpenetrates the material will be seen. If not, one of the following3The retaining screens listed are No. 9818T12, 9275T11 and 9218T12 respec-tively available from McMaster Carr Supply Co., P.O. Box 4335, Chicago, IL60680.F903 102methods has usual
32、ly been effective in enhancing dropletvisibility by producing a characteristic discoloration.9.2.1 Apply talcum powder on the normally inside surfaceof the specimen.9.2.2 Add food coloring, an acid-base indicator, or Oil Redto the challenge liquid.9.2.3 Apply food coloring or Oil Red to the normally
33、 insidesurface of the specimen.9.2.4 Add a fluorescent dye to the challenge liquid.NOTE 1Contaminants in the colorant may change the surface energyof the challenge liquid and affect the test results9.3 Mount the first specimen in the test cell with thenormally outside surface toward the chemical cha
34、mber andassemble it as shown in Fig. 1. A transparent cover (see Fig. 3)is optionally mounted directly on the test cell as long as it doesnot alter the test results.9.4 If the test is to be carried out at a nonambient tempera-ture, place the assembled test cell in a constant temperaturechamber at th
35、e test temperature. Also, bring the liquid to thetest temperature.9.5 Remove the male air line connector from the pipe nippleon the test cell. With the test cell vertically oriented, allowingthe air to vent, carefully, fill the chamber of the test cell withenough challenge liquid to be sure the cham
36、ber remains full,even if the specimen distends when pressure is applied. Use ofa funnel is one way to make filling the cell easier.FIG. 1 Liquid Penetration TesterF903 1039.6 Attach the air line connector to the pipe nipple, andconnect it to a source of pressure, making sure the valve is inthe vent
37、position.9.7 Set the pressure regulator to 0-psig pressure and closethe cell vent valve.9.8 Expose the challenge liquid to the pressure(s) and forthe time(s) called for in the procedure selected from Table 2,changing the pressure at the rate of no more than 0.5 psig/s (3.5kPa/s).9.9 Observe the spec
38、imen. The specimen fails if a droplet ofliquid appears or a characteristic discoloration (see 9.2) indi-cating the presence of the chemical appears on the viewing sideof the specimen, or both. If this occurs, record the failure, andterminate the test.9.9.1 If no liquid or characteristic discoloratio
39、n appears forthe duration of the test, record the specimen as passing.9.9.2 In some cases the appearance of liquid or character-istic discoloration is caused by permeation of the chemical. Ifthis occurs, record it as a failure and terminate the test.9.10 At the conclusion of the test, relieve the te
40、st pressureand drain the chemical chamber. Flush the test cell with anappropriate wash liquid to remove or render harmless anytraces of the test chemical. Remove the specimen and gasketfrom the cell and discard. Clean any external parts of the testcell touched by the liquid.9.11 Test remaining speci
41、mens.10. Report10.1 State that the tests were conducted as directed in TestMethod F903.10.2 For each material tested, report the following informa-tion:10.2.1 Type, supplier, and lot number of the material tested.If the material was taken from garments, report under subhead-ings for each material, c
42、omposite, type of seam, or otherconstructions tested, and its position on the garment.10.2.2 Thickness of each material specimen and the averagethickness of the specimens tested.10.2.3 Challenge liquid used.10.2.4 Procedure used.10.2.4.1 Procedure D is used, the time and pressure se-quence must be n
43、oted in the test report.FIG. 2 Three-Dimensional Side View of the Test ApparatusF903 10410.2.5 Temperature at which the test was performed. If thetemperature of the cell and liquid were different at the start ofthe test, report both.10.2.6 Type, composition, and application procedure of theleak indi
44、cator, if one was used.10.2.7 Penetration results as pass or fail for each specimen.10.2.8 Type of screen, if one was used.11. Precision and Bias11.1 No statement is made about either precision or bias ofthis test method since the result merely states whether there isconformance to the criteria for
45、success specified in the proce-dure.11.2 An interlaboratory study found a 90.5 % agreementacross materials and liquids.412. Keywords12.1 barrier; chemical liquid barrier; liquid barrier; penetra-tion; protective clothing4Mansdorf, S. Z., and Berardinelli, S. P., “Chemical Protective ClothingStandard
46、 Test Method Development, Part 1, Penetration Test Method,” Am. Ind.Hyg Assoc. J., Vol 49, No. 1, 1988, pp. 2125.FIG. 3 Exploded View of the Penetration Test CellF903 105NOTE 1All dimensions are in inches. (1 in. = 25.4 mm)FIG. 4 Cell Body. Penetration Tester ASTM Committee F23.30, Material PTFE, or
47、 other suitable for Chemicals UsedNOTE 1All dimensions are in inches. (1 in. = 25.4 mm)NOTE 2Material is steel.FIG. 5 Spill Pan and Swivel ClampF903 106NOTE 1All dimensions are in inches. (1 in. = 25.4 mm)NOTE 2Material is steel.FIG. 6 Cell Support for Penetration TesterF903 107NOTE 1All dimensions
48、are in inches. (1 in. = 25.4 mm)FIG. 7 Support Frame and Safety Shield for Penetration TesterNOTE 1All dimensions are in inches. (1 in. = 25.4 mm)NOTE 2Material is aluminum.FIG. 8 Restraining Ring for Penetration TesterF903 108NOTE 1All dimensions are in inches. (1 in. = 25.4 mm)NOTE 2Material is tr
49、ansparent shatterproof-resistant plastic sheet.FIG. 9 Optional Transparent Cover for Test Cell Viewing PortTABLE 1 Parts and Materials for Liquid Chemical PenetrationTest Equipment for Protective Clothing Material (See Figs. 1-9)AQuantity Description1 Air pressure regulator14 NPT, adjustable 010 psig relieving type1 Adjustable relief valveset at 5 psig1 Pressure gage 05 psig 412-in. (115-mm) diameter ANSI Grade A1 % (a magnehelic-type pressure gage is preferred.)114 NPT 3-way cock with wrench314 NPT 3 112-in. (38-mm) No. 316 pipe nipples1 set14
