1、Designation: F 924 90 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forResistance to Puncture of Cushioned Resilient FloorCoverings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 924; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the laboratory procedure fordetermining the resistance of cushioned resilient floo
3、r cover-ings to punctures from dropped pointed objects such as dinnerforks.1.2 This test method employs a 35-g cylindrical dart with aflat, small-diameter tip that is dropped onto a specimen offlooring. The dart represents the weight of a typical fork andthe tip produces a similar puncture to those
4、which result fromdropped forks.1.3 Flooring with thick wear layers may not puncture undereven the most severe drop. Although data can be obtained byincreasing the drop height or the weight of the dart, values ofthis magnitude have no practical application.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units ar
5、e to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
6、 of whoever uses this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability and regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific precaution statement see 8.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 171 Specification for Atmospheres for Conditi
7、oning andTesting Flexible Barrier MaterialsF 141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor CoveringsF 410 Test Method for Wear Layer Thickness of ResilientFloor Coverings by Optical Measurement3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,refer to Terminol
8、ogy F 141.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 puncturea break in the wear layer of the specimen.An indentation at the point of impact shall be considered apuncture only if the wear layer is broken completely through atsome point.3.2.2 wickingthe presence of ink below the wear la
9、yer ofthe specimen in areas adjacent to a puncture. This can be seennext to the actual cut, and appears either as spots on the patternlayer or as a general discoloration.4. Significance and Use4.1 Much of the cushioned resilient flooring in use today isin household kitchens. Kitchen flooring is freq
10、uently subjectedto the hazard of dropped tableware and cutting knives, that canpuncture the wear layer of cushioned resilient flooring. Foodand soil that become embedded in these punctures often cannot be removed by ordinary maintenance, resulting in unsightlymarks. Moisture, grease, or oils that pe
11、netrate to the cushionlayer can be wicked into the foam and cause permanentdiscoloration. Ultimately, the service life of the material isshortened.5. Apparatus5.1 Dart Drop Assembly (Fig. 1), consisting of a12 in.plywood platform tilted 20 from horizontal, and a verticalslotted tube at least 40 in.
12、(1016 mm) long with an insidediameter of 1.05 6 0.05 in. (26.7 6 2 mm). The mouth of thetube shall be approximately 2 in. (50.8 mm) above the centerof the platform. The tube shall be marked in 1 in. or lessgraduations showing the height above the surface of a mountedspecimen positioned on the platfo
13、rm. At the top of the tubeshall be a flat cap with a14 in. diameter opening in the center.This hole should have smooth, rounded sides.5.2 Dart (Fig. 2), consisting of a 0.970 6 0.003 (246 60.76 mm) outside diameter hollow cylindrical aluminum bodywith a 0.078 6 0.0005 in. (2.0 6 0.013 mm) diameter t
14、ip atone end and a steel wire loop at the other end, weighing a totalof 35 6 0.10 g. A length of size “A” silk thread at least 60 in.long shall be attached to the wire loop.5.3 Microscope or magnifier, 3X or greater.5.4 Alcohol-based ink.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F
15、06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.30 on TestMethods - Performance.Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F 924 90 (2004).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit t
16、he ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
17、 United States.6. Test Specimens6.1 The test specimen shall measure approximately 6 by 6in. (152 by 152 mm).6.2 The required number of specimens of each sample shallbe 6.7. Conditioning7.1 Condition the specimens at 73.4 6 3.6F. (23 6 2C)and 50 6 5 % relative humidity in accordance with Specifica-ti
18、on E 171 for not less than 16 h prior to test.7.2 Conduct tests in an atmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6F (23 62C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity.8. Procedure8.1 Adhere the specimen to a masonite base approximately6by6by14 in. (152 by 152 by 6 mm) using double faced tapeunder the entire sample leaving no air
19、voids.8.2 Wash the specimen with a nonabrasive detergent solu-tion, rinse, and dry.NOTE 1Caution: Foreign matter or ink at the point of impact may actFIG. 1 Dart Drop AssemblyF 924 90 (2009)2as a lubricant and can significantly change results.8.3 Condition the specimen as described in Section 7.8.4
20、Place the specimen on the platform. Position the speci-men so that the dart will fall on the unembossed area (whenpossible). Deeply embossed areas must be avoided.8.5 Place the dart inside the tube with the thread passingthrough the opening in the cap. Raise the dart by pulling thefree end of the th
21、read until the tip of the dart is at the desiredheight above the specimen. Drop the dart by quickly releasingthe thread. Initially, drop the dart from an “arbitrary height”that is low enough so the specimen will not be punctured. Raisethe dart in 1-in. increments for successive drops until apuncture
22、 failure is determined. Repeat the procedure starting atthe“ arbitrary height” until four separate failure points havebeen determined for each specimen. Each point of impact shallbe at least12 in. (12.7 mm) from any other point of impact orfrom the edge.8.6 To verify a puncture, use one or more of t
23、he followingmethods:8.6.1 Examine the impact mark under the microscope withthe specimen held at a 60 angle. If the pattern layer is exposed,this shall indicate a puncture.8.6.2 Apply a drop of ink, allow 30 s, then remove theexcess by blotting. Check for wicking, using a microscope ifnecessary. Wick
24、ing shall indicate a puncture.8.6.3 Apply a drop of ink, allow 30 s, then remove theexcess by blotting. Place the impact mark under the micro-scope. Depress the deepest area of the mark with a sharp probe.FIG. 2 DartF 924 90 (2009)3The appearance of ink bubbling out from beneath the wearlayer shall
25、indicate a puncture.8.7 Two consecutive punctures resulting from drops at thesame height will constitute a failure point.8.8 Determine four failure points on each specimen.8.9 Measure the thickness of each layer within the flooringby method of Test Method F 410.9. Interpretation of Results9.1 For ea
26、ch specimen, average the drop heights corre-sponding to the four failure points. Report the average as thefailure height.9.2 If eight successive drops from 36 in. result in less thaneight punctures, record the failure height as greater than 36 in.10. Precision and Bias10.1 The following criteria sho
27、uld be used to judge theacceptability of results.10.1.1 RepeatabilityThe average of duplicate tests shouldbe considered suspect if they differ by more than 10 %.10.1.2 ReproducibilityThe average of duplicate tests ob-tained by each of several laboratories should be consideredsuspect if they differ b
28、y more than 20 %.10.2 BiasThe round robin data indicates the test showsrelative differences in puncture resistance as a function ofvarying wear layer thicknesses.11. Keywords11.1 cushion; drop; pointed object; puncture; resilientflooringASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of
29、 any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to
30、revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Y
31、our comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is co
32、pyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 924 90 (2009)4
