1、Designation: F924 90 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forResistance to Puncture of Cushioned Resilient FloorCoverings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F924; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the laboratory procedure fordetermining the resistance of cushioned resilient floor
3、cover-ings to punctures from dropped pointed objects such as dinnerforks.1.2 This test method employs a 35-g cylindrical dart with aflat, small-diameter tip that is dropped onto a specimen offlooring. The dart represents the weight of a typical fork andthe tip produces a similar puncture to those wh
4、ich result fromdropped forks.1.3 Flooring with thick wear layers may not puncture undereven the most severe drop. Although data can be obtained byincreasing the drop height or the weight of the dart, values ofthis magnitude have no practical application.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are
5、to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility o
6、f whoever uses this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability and regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific precaution statement see 8.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexib
7、le BarrierPackagingF141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor CoveringsF410 Test Method for Wear Layer Thickness of ResilientFloor Coverings by Optical Measurement3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,refer to Terminology F141.3.2 Definitions o
8、f Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 puncturea break in the wear layer of the specimen.An indentation at the point of impact shall be considered apuncture only if the wear layer is broken completely through atsome point.3.2.2 wickingthe presence of ink below the wear layer ofthe specimen in areas
9、 adjacent to a puncture. This can be seennext to the actual cut, and appears either as spots on the patternlayer or as a general discoloration.4. Significance and Use4.1 Much of the cushioned resilient flooring in use today isin household kitchens. Kitchen flooring is frequently subjectedto the haza
10、rd of dropped tableware and cutting knives, that canpuncture the wear layer of cushioned resilient flooring. Foodand soil that become embedded in these punctures often cannot be removed by ordinary maintenance, resulting in unsightlymarks. Moisture, grease, or oils that penetrate to the cushionlayer
11、 can be wicked into the foam and cause permanentdiscoloration. Ultimately, the service life of the material isshortened.5. Apparatus5.1 Dart Drop Assembly (Fig. 1), consisting of a12 in.plywood platform tilted 20 from horizontal, and a verticalslotted tube at least 40 in. (1016 mm) long with an insi
12、dediameter of 1.05 6 0.05 in. (26.7 6 2 mm). The mouth of thetube shall be approximately 2 in. (50.8 mm) above the centerof the platform. The tube shall be marked in 1 in. or lessgraduations showing the height above the surface of a mountedspecimen positioned on the platform. At the top of the tubes
13、hall be a flat cap with a14 in. diameter opening in the center.This hole should have smooth, rounded sides.5.2 Dart (Fig. 2), consisting of a 0.970 6 0.003 (246 6 0.76mm) outside diameter hollow cylindrical aluminum body witha 0.078 6 0.0005 in. (2.0 6 0.013 mm) diameter tip at one end1This test met
14、hod is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.30 on TestMethods - Performance.Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approvedin 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F924 90
15、 (2009). DOI:10.1520/F0924-90R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International
16、, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1and a steel wire loop at the other end, weighing a total of 35 60.10 g. A length of size “A” silk thread at least 60 in. long shallbe attached to the wire loop.5.3 Microscope or magnifier, 3X or greater.5.4 Alcohol
17、-based ink.6. Test Specimens6.1 The test specimen shall measure approximately 6 by 6in. (152 by 152 mm).6.2 The required number of specimens of each sample shallbe 6.7. Conditioning7.1 Condition the specimens at 73.4 6 3.6F. (23 6 2C)and 50 6 5 % relative humidity in accordance with Specifica-tion E
18、171 for not less than 16 h prior to test.7.2 Conduct tests in an atmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6F (23 62C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity.FIG. 1 Dart Drop AssemblyF924 90 (2015)28. Procedure8.1 Adhere the specimen to a masonite base approximately6by6by14 in. (152 by 152 by 6 mm) using double faced tapeunde
19、r the entire sample leaving no air voids.8.2 Wash the specimen with a nonabrasive detergentsolution, rinse, and dry.NOTE 1Caution: Foreign matter or ink at the point of impact may actas a lubricant and can significantly change results.8.3 Condition the specimen as described in Section 7.8.4 Place th
20、e specimen on the platform. Position the speci-men so that the dart will fall on the unembossed area (whenpossible). Deeply embossed areas must be avoided.8.5 Place the dart inside the tube with the thread passingthrough the opening in the cap. Raise the dart by pulling thefree end of the thread unt
21、il the tip of the dart is at the desiredheight above the specimen. Drop the dart by quickly releasingthe thread. Initially, drop the dart from an “arbitrary height”that is low enough so the specimen will not be punctured. Raisethe dart in 1-in. increments for successive drops until apuncture failure
22、 is determined. Repeat the procedure starting atthe“ arbitrary height” until four separate failure points havebeen determined for each specimen. Each point of impact shallbe at least12 in. (12.7 mm) from any other point of impact orfrom the edge.8.6 To verify a puncture, use one or more of the follo
23、wingmethods:8.6.1 Examine the impact mark under the microscope withthe specimen held at a 60 angle. If the pattern layer is exposed,this shall indicate a puncture.FIG. 2 DartF924 90 (2015)38.6.2 Apply a drop of ink, allow 30 s, then remove theexcess by blotting. Check for wicking, using a microscope
24、 ifnecessary. Wicking shall indicate a puncture.8.6.3 Apply a drop of ink, allow 30 s, then remove theexcess by blotting. Place the impact mark under the micro-scope. Depress the deepest area of the mark with a sharp probe.The appearance of ink bubbling out from beneath the wearlayer shall indicate
25、a puncture.8.7 Two consecutive punctures resulting from drops at thesame height will constitute a failure point.8.8 Determine four failure points on each specimen.8.9 Measure the thickness of each layer within the flooringby method of Test Method F410.9. Interpretation of Results9.1 For each specime
26、n, average the drop heights corre-sponding to the four failure points. Report the average as thefailure height.9.2 If eight successive drops from 36 in. result in less thaneight punctures, record the failure height as greater than 36 in.10. Precision and Bias10.1 The following criteria should be use
27、d to judge theacceptability of results.10.1.1 RepeatabilityThe average of duplicate tests shouldbe considered suspect if they differ by more than 10 %.10.1.2 ReproducibilityThe average of duplicate tests ob-tained by each of several laboratories should be consideredsuspect if they differ by more tha
28、n 20 %.10.2 BiasThe round robin data indicates the test showsrelative differences in puncture resistance as a function ofvarying wear layer thicknesses.11. Keywords11.1 cushion; drop; pointed object; puncture; resilient floor-ingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any pat
29、ent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision
30、 at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comm
31、ents will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighte
32、d by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 90 (2015)4
