1、Designation: F 939 06Standard Practice forSelection of Release Torque Values for Alpine Ski Bindings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 939; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAdhering to these guidelines may help to reduce the risk of injuries resulting from improper releasetorque selection. However, s
3、kiing involves inherent risks. Injury can result from simply falling down,impact with another object, or from many other actions. Many injuries are unrelated to bindingrelease/retention characteristics. Furthermore, even a properly adjusted binding cannot release underall injury-producing loads or r
4、etain at all times when retention is desired. Therefore, it is to be clearlyunderstood that compliance with these guidelines in no way guarantees that injury can be prevented.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides procedures for the selection ofrelease torque values for Alpine ski/boot/bindings systems.
5、These procedures may be used by ski binding manufacturers intheir instructions for installation and use and by ski shops forthe adjustment of already mounted ski bindings.1.2 This practice is applicable to releasableAlpine ski/boot/binding systems.1.3 Release torque values selected using this practi
6、ce maynot be appropriate for circumstances in which:1.3.1 The skier carries an object that significantly increasesthe skiers effective body weight,1.3.2 The skier grasps or in some manner controls an objectsuch as a sled, or1.3.3 The skier encounters exceptional snow or terrainconditions not commonl
7、y found on developed ski slopes.1.4 This practice may be inappropriate for non-mechanicalbindings or bindings used with boots that reach more than halfway up the lower leg.1.5 Release torque values outside the recommendations ofthis practice may increase the risk of injury to the skier.However, skie
8、rs who are informed of this potential risk mayrequest such settings and have them provided, subject to anyguidelines and limitations specified by the binding manufac-turer.1.6 These values refer to recommended release torque forinitial adjustment of a ski binding and subsequent readjustmentof the bi
9、nding during routine maintenance or following asuspected malfunction. However, these values are not intendedto apply to the condition of the equipment at any time after itis put into use.1.6.1 For information concerning applicable tolerances tobe used for the adjustment and inspection of releasable
10、Alpineski bindings in retail operations consult Practice F 1063; forrental applications consult Practice F 1064.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate saf
11、ety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 504 Test Method for Measuring the Quasi-Static ReleaseMoments of Alpine Ski BindingsF 1061 Specification for Ski Binding Test DevicesF 1063 Practice for Funct
12、ional Inspections andAdjustmentsof Alpine Ski/Binding/Boot SystemsF 1064 Practice for Sampling and Inspection of Completeand Incomplete Alpine Ski/Binding/Boot Systems inRental Applications2.2 ISO Standard:38061 Method for the Selection of Release Torque Values3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This pra
13、ctice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F27 on SnowSkiing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F27.10 on Binding TestProcedures.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2006. Published August 2006. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F 939 05a.2For ref
14、erenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 4
15、3rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.1 release/retention settingsrelease torque of the ski/boot/binding system in twist (Mz) and forward lean (My)asdefined in Test Method F 504.3.1
16、.2 skier typeclassification selected by the skier for thetype of skiing to be undertaken.3.1.2.1 Idesignation that provides lower than averagerelease/retention settings; corresponds to an increased risk ofinadvertent binding release in order to gain releasability in afall; also applies to entry-leve
17、l skiers uncertain of theirclassification.3.1.2.2 IIdesignation that provides average release/retention settings appropriate for most recreational skiing;applies to skiers not classified as in Type I or III.3.1.2.3 IIIdesignation that provides higher than averagerelease/retention settings; correspon
18、ds to decreased releasabil-ity in a fall in order to gain a decreased risk of inadvertentbinding release.3.1.3 (/)symbol that separates skier type designations;used when, as a result of troubleshooting, different skier typeshave been selected for determining twist (Mx) and forward lean(My) release/r
19、etention settings; shown in the order (twist/forward lean) or (T/H) to denote toe piece (T) and heel piece(H) of the ski binding. Other conventions may be used torecord different skier types for twist and forward lean whenrequired by the documentation.NOTE 1See Appendix X2 for examples of other defi
20、nitions of skiertype.3.1.4 normal settingsrelease/retention settings derivedthrough the use of Skier Types I, II, and III.3.1.5 discretionary settingsrelease/retention settingshigher or lower than the normal setting range3.1.5.1 ()symbol that when placed to the left of Type Iprovides release/retenti
21、on settings lower than Type I; corre-sponds to a further increase in the risk of inadvertent bindingrelease in order to gain increased releasability in a fall.3.1.5.2 (+)symbol that when placed to the right of TypeIII provides release/retention settings higher than Type III;corresponds to a further
22、decrease in releasability in a fall inorder to gain a decreased risk of inadvertent binding release.4. Significance and Use4.1 The use of these definitions in determining the releasesetting may be inappropriate for some types of competitiveskiing or competition training.4.2 The release torque values
23、 derived through these proce-dures are applicable to ski binding test devices defined bySpecification F 1061.5. Procedures5.1 Arange of twist release torque values (Mz) based on themass of the skier is calculated from the equations given in5.1.1-5.1.3.5.1.1 Upper Limit for Twist, Mzin N-m is determi
24、ned bythe following equations:5.1.1.1 If the mass of the skier is less than 70 kg:Mz5 0.84 ms1 4 (1)5.1.1.2 If the mass of the skier is greater than or equal to 70kg:Mz5 0.69 ms1 15 (2)where:ms= the mass of the skier in kg.5.1.2 Lower Value for Twist, Mz, in N-m is determined bythe following equatio
25、ns:5.1.2.1 If the mass of the skier is less than 75 kg:Mz5 0.71 ms(3)5.1.2.2 If the mass of the skier is greater than or equal to 75kg:Mz5 0.59 ms1 9 (4)where:ms= is the mass of the skier in kg.5.1.3 Ski binding manufacturers should not recommendrelease torque values higher than the upper limit of t
26、his rangebut may recommend settings below the lower limit. Manufac-turers may provide additional information to guide the installerand user in the selection of such values.5.2 If the mass of the skier is greater than the maximumrecommended mass for his or her height (h), use release torquevalues cor
27、responding to his or her maximum recommendedmass, mr max, which is given by the following equation:mr max5 100h 2 1! (5)for h 1.5 m,where:h = s the height of the skier in m.5.3 The recommended release torque is adjusted for skiertype, age, and other factors as follows:5.3.1 The skier type adjustment
28、 for normal settings is (10to 20) % for I, 0 % for II, and + (10 to 20) % for III or 3 Nm,whichever is greater. The adjustment for discretionary settingsshould be (10 to 20) % less than the Type I setting for ()I and(10 to 20) % greater than the Type III setting for III(+), or 3N-m, whichever is gre
29、ater.5.3.2 The age adjustment for skiers age 9 years and youngeror 50 years and older is (10 to 20) % or 3 Nm, whichever isgreater.5.4 The release torque in forward lean, My, is calculated interms of the skier type and age adjusted value of Myin N-m bythe following equation:My5 Mz3.6 1 0.0065 N21m21
30、Mz! (6)5.4.1 The Mzvalue used for this calculation may be basedon any value that meets the requirements of 5.1.1-5.3.2.5.5 The equations in Section 5 provide recommended re-lease torque values as functions of the input data. If a calculatoris not used or its use is not required by the binding manufa
31、c-turer or binding tester manufacturer the discrete values given inAppendix X1 may be considered an acceptable approximationof the functions provided in this practice. When calculating theupper and lower limits for the range of twist release torquevalues (Mz) for use in Table X1.1, the Mz value to b
32、e used willreflect any adjustments for skier type as well as age.F9390625.6 Appendix X1.3.1 provides an example of informationfor skiers dissatisfied with the release/retention performance oftheir ski/boot/binding system.6. Keywords6.1 discretionary settings; normal settings; release/retentionsettin
33、gs; release system; release torque; ski binding; skier typeAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EXAMPLE OF A RELEASE VALUE SELECTION TABLE USING DISCRETE VALUESX1.1 Skier Type SelectionX1.1.1 Refer all skiers to the Skier Type ClassificationPoster, Appendix X2, and check that the skiers selection
34、 isrecorded clearly.X1.1.2 When troubleshooting release/retention problems,refer skiers who, from experience, have been dissatisfied withtheir release/retention settings to the Information for SkiersRequesting Discretionary Settings, Appendix X3.X1.1.2.1 If a skier selects different skier types for
35、toe andheel piece, record the choice with a (/) separating the two types,in the order toe/heel (T/H).X1.1.3 If a skier selects discretionary settings lower thanthose derived from Type I, record this selection with a ()symbol to the left of Type I.X1.1.4 If a skier selects discretionary settings high
36、er thanthose derived from Type III, record this selection with a (+)symbol to the right of Type III.X1.2 Skier Code DeterminationX1.2.1 Note the skiers weight, height, age, and skier type.X1.2.2 In Table X1.1 find the skier code that corresponds tothe skiers weight and the skier code that correspond
37、s to theskiers height.X1.2.3 If the skier codes are different, select the skier codecloser to the top of the table.X1.2.4 This skier code is for a Type I skier. For a Type IIskier, move down the table one skier code. For a Type III skier,move down the table two skier codes. This classification is no
38、trecommended for skiers 47 lb (21 kg) and under.X1.2.5 If the skier is age 9 and younger or 50 and older,move up the table one skier code.X1.2.6 If separate toe and heel skier types were selected bythe skier, steps 4 and 5 above must be repeated for the secondskier type and the resulting skier codes
39、 recorded in the orderT/H.X1.3 Release Torque DeterminationX1.3.1 Discrete Twist and Forward Lean release torquevalues are located at the intersection of the Skier Code row andthe Reference Torque column in Table X1.1.TABLE X1.1 Release Value SelectionSkier Weight Skier HeightSkierCodeReference Torq
40、ue, N-mTwist ForwardLean51822 to 29 lbsA(10to13kg) A82930 to 38 lbsB(14to17kg) B114039 to 47 lbs (18 to 21 kg) C14548 to 56 lbs (22 to 25 kg) D17657 to 66 lbs (26 to 30 kg) E20767 to 78 lbs (31 to 35 kg) F23879 to 91 lbs (36 to 41 kg) G 27 10292 to 107 lbs (42 to 48 kg) 4 ft, 10 in. or less (148 cm
41、or less) H 31 120108 to 125 lbs (49 to 57 kg) 4 ft, 11 in. to 5 ft, 1 in. (149 to 157 cm) I 37 141126 to 147 lbs (58 to 66 kg) 5 ft, 2 in. to 5 ft, 5 in. (158 to 166 cm) J 43 165148 to 174 lbs (67 to 78 kg) 5 ft, 6 in. to 5 ft, 10 in. (167 to 178 cm) K 50 194175 to 209 lbs (79 to 94 kg) 5 ft, 11 in.
42、 to 6 ft, 4 in. (179 to 194 cm) L 58 229210 lbs or greater (95 kg or greater) 6 ft, 5 in. or greater (195 cm or greater) M 67 271N 78 320O 91 380P 105 452122 536142 640AFor skiers 29 lbs and under, no further correction is appropriate.BFor skiers 38 lbs and under, Skier TypeI is inappropriate.F93906
43、3X2. Example of Skier Type Classification PosterX2.1 Artwork and all text in italic type are optional.F939064X3. Example of Information for Skiers Dissatisfied with the Release/Retention Performance of Their Ski/Boot/Binding SystemX3.1F939065ASTM International takes no position respecting the validi
44、ty of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subjec
45、t to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarte
46、rs. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard
47、is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F939066
