1、Designation: F 959 09Standard Specification forCompressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators forUse with Structural Fasteners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 959; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the requirements forcompressible-washer-type direct tension indicators c
3、apable ofindicating the achievement of a specified minimum bolt tensionin a structural bolt.1.2 Four types of direct tension indicators in nominaldiameter sizes12 through 112 in. are covered:1.2.1 Type 325direct tension indicators for use withSpecification A 325 Type 1 bolts or F or F 1852 assemblie
4、s.1.2.2 Type 3253direct tension indicators for use withSpecification A 325 Type3orF 1852 Type 3 assemblies.1.2.3 Type 490direct tension indicators for use withSpecification A 490 Type 1 bolts or F 2280 assemblies.1.2.4 Type 4903direct tension indicators for use withSpecification A 490 Type 3 F 2280
5、Type 3 assemblies.1.3 Direct tension indicators are intended for installationunder either a bolt head or a hardened washer. (See ResearchCouncil on Structural Connections: Specification for StructuralJoints Using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts.)1.4 This specification provides for furnishing Types 3253and
6、 4903 to a Chemical Composition Requirement or aCorrosion Resistance Index (CRI) at the suppliers option.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 The following precautionary statement pertains only tothe t
7、est method portions, Section 12 and Appendix X1 of thisspecification: This standard does not purport to address all ofthe safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the app
8、lica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, HeatTreated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthA 490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, HeatTreated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthB 695 Sp
9、ecification for Coatings of Zinc MechanicallyDeposited on Iron and SteelD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingF 436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicato
10、rs, and RivetsF 1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-chanical Properties and Performance InspectionF 1852 Specification for “Twist Off” Type Tension ControlStructural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies, Steel, HeatTreated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthF 2280 Specification for “Twist O
11、ff” Type Tension ControlStructural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies, Steel, HeatTreated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthG 101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric CorrosionResistance of Low-Alloy Steels2.2 Research Council on Structural Connections:3Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325 or
12、A 490 Bolts2.3 ASME Standard:4ASME B18.2.6 Fasteners for Use in Structural Applications1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved March 15, 20
13、09. Published March 2009. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F 959 07a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standa
14、rds Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Research Council on Structural Connections at www.boltcoun-cil.org.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.1*A Summary of
15、 Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 compressible-washer-type direct tension indicator,nwasher-type
16、 element inserted under the bolt head or hard-ened washer, having the capability of indicating the achieve-ment of a required minimum bolt tension by the degree ofdirect tension indicator plastic deformation. Hereafter referredto as direct tension indicator.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for dire
17、ct tension indicators under this specifica-tion shall include the following:4.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces);4.1.2 Name of product (direct tension indicator);4.1.3 Size, that is, nominal diameter;4.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue (if not specified,current issue shall be used);4.1.5 Type requ
18、ired, 325, 325-3, 490, 490-3 (see 1.2);4.1.6 Coating type, if required (5.4);4.1.7 Source inspection, if required (Section 13);4.1.8 Certificates of compliance or test reports, if required(Section 15); and4.1.9 Any special requirements.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Steel used in the manufacture of
19、 direct tension indica-tors shall be produced by the basic-oxygen or electric-furnaceprocess.5.2 Design:5.2.1 Direct tension indicators shall have a configurationproduced by extrusion, punching, pressing, or similar forming,to permit a measurable decrease in thickness when placed incompression.5.2.2
20、 The design shall be such that the degree of plasticdeformation shall indicate the tension in a tightened structuralbolt.5.3 Heat TreatmentThe process used for heat treatment ofDTIs shall be through-hardening by heating to a temperatureabove the upper transformation temperature, quenching in aliquid
21、 medium, and then retempering by reheating to a suitabletemperature to attain desired mechanical/performance proper-ties.5.4 Protective Coatings:5.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, the direct tension indica-tors shall be furnished “plain” with the “as fabricated” surfacefinish without protective coati
22、ngs.5.4.2 When “zinc coated” is specified, the direct tensionindicators shall be zinc coated by the mechanical depositionprocess in accordance with the requirements of Class 55 ofSpecification B 695.5.4.3 When “baked epoxy” is specified, the epoxy shall be0.001 to 0.002 in. thick applied over the zi
23、nc coating specifiedin 5.4.2. The epoxy shall not flake off exposed surfaces duringinstallation.5.4.4 Other coatings are to be used only when approved bythe direct tension indicator manufacturer.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Direct tension indicators furnished to Chemical Com-position Requirements shal
24、l conform to the full Heat Analysisspecified in Table 1.6.2 In addition to the compositions in Table 1, weatheringsteels type 3253 and Type 4903 having Copper, Phosphorus,and Sulfur conforming to Table 1 and a Corrosion ResistanceIndex of 6 or higher calculated on the basis of the HeatAnalysis as de
25、scribed in Guide G 101 Predictive Method basedon the data of Larabee and Coburn shall be consideredacceptable. See Note 1.NOTE 1The user is cautioned that the Guide G 101 predictiveequation (Predictive Method Based on the Data of Larabee and Coburn)for calculation of an atmospheric corrosion index h
26、as been verified onlyfor the composition limits stated in that guide.6.3 For all types furnished to the chemical compositions inTable 1, Product Analysis may be made by the purchaser fromfinished direct tension indicators representing each lot. Thechemical composition shall conform to the requiremen
27、ts givenin Table 1, Product Analysis.6.4 Product Analyses are not applicable to Type 3253 andType 4903 indicators furnished to a CRI of 6 or higher.Acceptance shall be based on the CRI of 6 or higher calculatedfrom the Heat Analysis. Other weathering Steels with Copper,Phosphorus, and Sulfur conform
28、ing to the specified limits anda Corrosion Resistance of 6 or higher, are acceptable in lieu ofcompliance with the full specified Chemical Compositions.TABLE 1 Chemical Composition RequirementsElementComposition, %HeatAnalysisProductAnalysisType 325 andType 490Type 325-3 andType 490-3AType 325 andTy
29、pe 490Type 325-3 andType 490-3ACarbon 0.300.55 0.270.58Manganese 0.500.90 0.470.93Phosphorus, Max 0.04 0.040 0.048 0.045Sulfur, Max 0.045 0.050 0.053 0.055Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.130.37 0.130.37Chromium 0.450.65 0.420.68Nickel 0.250.45 0.220.48Copper 0.250.45 0.220.48AWeathering steel DTIs are a
30、lso permitted to be manufactured from any of the Type 3 steels in the chemical composition sections of Specifications A 325 and F 436.F9590927. Performance Requirements7.1 Compression LoadsWhen compressed to the gapspecified in Table 2, the compression load shall conform to therequirements specified
31、 in Table 3.8. Dimensions8.1 The direct tension indicators shall conform to thedimensional and related requirements of ASME B18.2.6.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 The direct tension indicators shall be commerciallysmooth and free of injurious material or manufacturing defectsthat would af
32、fect their performance.10. Number of Tests and Retests10.1 Responsibility:10.1.1 The direct tension indicator manufacturer shall in-spect each lot of direct tension indicators prior to shipment inaccordance with the quality assurance procedures described in10.2.10.1.2 The purpose of a lot inspection
33、 testing program is toensure that each lot conforms to the requirements of thisspecification. For such a plan to be fully effective, it is essentialthat the purchaser continue to maintain the identification andintegrity of each lot following delivery until the product isinstalled in its service appl
34、ication.10.2 Production Lot Method:10.2.1 All direct tension indicators shall be processed inaccordance with a lot identification controlquality assuranceplan. The manufacturer shall identify and maintain the integrityof each production lot of direct tension indicators from rawmaterial selection thr
35、ough all processing operations and treat-ments to final packing and shipment. Each lot shall be assignedits own lot-identification number, each lot shall be tested, andthe inspection test reports for each lot shall be retained.10.2.2 For purposes of assigning an identification numberand from which t
36、est samples shall be selected, a production lotshall consist of all direct tension indicators processed essen-tially together through all operations to placing in the shippingcontainer that are of the same nominal size, produced from thesame mill heat of steel, and heat treated in the same heattreat
37、ment cycle.10.2.3 The minimum number of samples to be tested todetermine compression loads and coating thickness (whenapplicable) shall be in accordance with the requirementsspecified in Guide F 1470.10.3 Number of Tests After AlterationsIf direct tensionindicators are heat treated, coated, or other
38、wise altered by asubcontractor or manufacturer subsequent to testing, they shallbe tested in accordance with 10.2 prior to shipment to thepurchaser after all alterations have been completed.10.4 When weathering steels are furnished to a CorrosionResistance Index, the CRI number shall be calculated f
39、or eachheat.11. Specimen Preparation11.1 Indicators for tests shall be tested full size “as re-ceived” without any special preparation.12. Test Methods12.1 Compression load tests shall be conducted in accor-dance with Test Methods F 606.12.2 The Corrosion Resistance Index shall be calculated forthe
40、Heat Analysis in accordance with Guide G 101 PredictiveMethod based on the data of Larabee and Coburn.13. Inspection13.1 If the inspection described in 13.2 is required by thepurchaser, it shall be specified in the inquiry and contract ororder.13.2 The purchasers quality assurance representative sha
41、llhave free entry to all parts of the manufacturers works thatconcern the manufacture of the direct tension indicatorsordered. The manufacturer shall afford the quality assurancerepresentative all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that thedirect tension indicators are being furnished in accordanc
42、e withthis specification. All tests and inspections required by thisspecification that are requested by the purchasers representa-tive shall be made before shipment and shall be conducted soas not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the plant.14. Rejection14.1 Direct tension indicators
43、that fail to conform to therequirements of this specification shall be rejected. Rejectionshould be reported to the producer or supplier promptly and inwriting. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the test, theproducer or supplier may make claim for a rehearing.15. Certification15.1 When
44、specified on the order, the manufacturer shallfurnish a test report as described in 15.2 or a certificate ofcompliance as described in 15.4, whichever is required.TABLE 2 Direct Tension Indicator Gap for Compression LoadTestingDirect Tension Indicator FinishGap, in.SpecificationA 325SpecificationA 4
45、90Plain finish 0.015 0.015Mechanically galvanized 0.015 . . .Baked epoxy coating onmechanically deposited zinc 0.015 . . .TABLE 3 Acceptable Range of Compression LoadsDirect Tension Indicator Size(bolt diameter, (in.)Compression Load Range in Thousandsof Pounds, (kips)Types 325 and325-3Types 490 and
46、490-312 1214 151858 1923 242934 2834 354278 3947 49591 5161 6477118 5667 8096114 7185 102122138 85102 121145112 103124 148178F95909315.2 When test reports are required, the manufacturers shallfurnish a test report for each production lot from which directtension indicators are supplied to fill a shi
47、pment. The reportshall show the heat number (to ensure that the chemicalcomposition is on record and could be furnished upon request),compression test loads, Corrosion Resistance Index Numberwhen applicable, measured thickness of protective coatings,gap, nominal size, production lot identification n
48、umber, ASTMdesignation, type and issue date, and purchase order number.15.3 When weathering steels Tpyes 3253 and 4903 arefurnished under the Corrosion Resistance Index option, thecalculated CRI number shall be furnished for each heat.15.4 When certificates of compliance are required, themanufacture
49、r shall furnish a certificate certifying that theindicators have been manufactured and tested and conform tothe requirements of this specification. The certificate shallshow the production lot identification number, nominal size,ASTM designation, type and issue date, and purchase ordernumber.16. Responsibility16.1 The party responsible for the direct tension indicatorshall be the organization that supplies the direct tensionindicator to the purchaser.17. Product Marking17.1 Each direct tension indicator shall be mark
