1、Designation: F 2153 07An American National StandardStandard Test Method forMeasurement of Backpack Capacity1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2153; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines and standardizes an unex-tended and extended capacity for backpacks and related bags.Related
3、 bags include lumbar packs, soft rucksacks, internal andexternal frame packs, duffel bags, and travel packs.1.2 This test method is designed to provide a meanswhereby manufacturers and consumers may have a consistentmeans to compare pack volumes.1.3 This test method does not take into consideration
4、areasof the backpack that are not completely enclosed by fabric suchas mesh pockets, water bottle holders, and compressor pockets.1.4 For practical purposes this test method cannot be used tomeasure capacities less than 4 L.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if
5、any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 backpack, nany carrying device constructed of fab-ric t
6、hat utilizes a single or double shoulder strap as the meansfor the wearer to carry the bag on the users back.2.1.2 backpack back, npart of the backpack that is againstthe users back.2.1.3 backpack front, npart of the backpack that is awayfrom the users back.2.1.4 extended capacity, nmaximum achievab
7、le volumeof a backpack including all compartments and extensionsmaximized to their largest usable volume.2.1.4.1 full for panel loaded: Zipped shut and all expansionpanels open. When placed on a person the pack looks usableand the top pocket appears level or in alignment with rest of thepack style (
8、that is, not tipped forward or back excessively).2.1.4.2 full for top loader: 12 in.2maximum opening ofextension collar draw cord, with pack body draw cord com-pletely open. When placed on a person the pack looks usableand the top pocket appears level or in alignment with rest of thepack style (that
9、 is, not tipped forward or back excessively).2.1.4.3 roll top: In accordance with the manufacturersdesign with all extension panels open.2.1.5 extension skirt, nfabric extension which is attachedto the top of the pack body and extends over and above theactual pack body.2.1.6 external frame pack, nba
10、ckpack that uses a rigid orsemirigid frame on the outside of the pack bag.2.1.7 frame sheet, nsheet generally constructed of foamor polyethylene, which forms the support in the back of thebackpack.2.1.8 internal frame pack, nbackpack that uses one ormore supports, or stays, made from a rigid or semi
11、rigidmaterial, and incorporated into the inside of the backpack(usually made of aluminum, graphite, or carbon-fiber).2.1.9 lumbar pack, nbackpack that is designed to fit in thesmall of the back. Many lumbar packs do not have shoulderstraps.2.1.10 soft rucksack, nbackpack that does not have a rigidfr
12、ame and is generally of smaller size. This backpack may havea back constructed of foam, or a light frame sheet.2.1.11 unextended backpack capacity, nmaximumachievable volume of a backpack including all compartmentsmaximized to their largest usable volume. All extensionsclosed.2.1.11.1 full for panel
13、 loaded: Zipped shut. When placed ona person the pack looks usable and the top pocket appears levelor in alignment with rest of the pack style (that is, not tippedforward or back excessively).2.1.11.2 full for top loader: 12 in.2maximum opening ofpack body draw cord. When placed on a person the pack
14、 looksusable and the top pocket appears level or in alignment withrest of the pack style (that is, not tipped forward or backexcessively).2.1.11.3 roll top: In accordance with the manufacturersdesign.3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Determining Backpack CapacityAll compartments(including main pack body,
15、 top pocket, exterior pockets) arefilled with 20-mm plastic balls to their extended capacity. Ballsare removed to bring the pack down to its unextended capacity.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Sub
16、committee F08.22 onCamping Softgoods.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F 2153 01.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.The
17、removed balls are temporarily stored. The rest of the packis emptied and the capacity measured in the graduated cylinderas the unextended capacity. The balls removed in the first stepare then added to the cylinder to measure the extendedcapacity.4. Significance and Use4.1 Many consumers use the capa
18、city measurement as a keyspecification to determine the backpack size suitable for theirrequirements.5. Apparatus5.1 Spheres (see Fig. 1)15 to 20-mm hollow polypropy-lene, polyethylene, or other functionally incompressible plas-tic, measurement units with net density between 6 and 14lb/1000 in3. (A
19、useful quantity is 19 000 20-mm balls or 19cases of 1000 = 7500 in.3(approximate).)5.2 Cylinder (see Fig. 2)A vertical walled flat-bottomedcylinder made of rigid material with a diameter between 14 and18 in.5.3 Measurement ToolA piston that will apply a force of0.01 psi on the balls and be used to m
20、easure the height of theballs in the cylinder.6. Calibration and Standardization6.1 Purchase or create a rigid cylinder that conforms to therequirements of 5.2.6.2 Place the cylinder on a flat surface and fill with 25 L ofwater. The most accurate method is to tare a scale with thecylinder on it. The
21、n fill the cylinder with 25 kg of water.Alternatively, measurement of the inside diameter of thecylinder may be used with the formula for the volume of acylinder. However, the precision of the diameter measurementmust be 1 % or better.6.3 Mark the water height on the cylinder.6.4 Remove the water.6.
22、5 Build the Tamper plunger piston.6.6 Cut a disk out of flat34-in. plywood with a diameter thatwill just clear the inner diameter of the coupler and the end cap.6.7 Create a measurement tool that combined with the diskwill place a load of 0.01 psi on the balls, and measure theheight of the balls.NOT
23、E 1For an 18-in. diameter, the load is 2.55 lb.6.8 Calibrate the measurement tool to measure in litresbased on the height of the water in 6.3, and the “zero” height.6.9 The units on the scale need to be no finer than litres or50 in.3.7. Procedure7.1 Determine capacity as follows:7.1.1 Remove all han
24、gtags and packaging.7.1.2 Note the backpack manufacturer, model, size, weight,technician, and date.7.1.3 Loosen all straps to eliminate any constrictions so thepack may achieve its largest capacity.7.1.4 Fill the main compartment with the spheres, makingsure the spheres are occupying all the corners
25、. Tamp the filledpack to fill all voids. Continue filling and tamping until themain compartment is full in accordance with the definition forextended capacity (2.1.4).7.1.5 Continue to fill all enclosed compartments to theirmaximum capacity, making sure the compartments are filledand closed.7.1.6 Ta
26、mp and massage the pockets to remove areas notfilled with balls, and continue until full.7.1.7 Remove and store the balls that will reduce the packfrom its extended capacity to its unextended capacity.7.1.8 Continue to remove all the balls from the pack, andplace them in the cylinder.7.1.9 Using the
27、 measurement tool calculate the volume asthe unextended capacity.7.1.10 Add the stored balls from 7.1.7 to calculate theextended capacity.7.1.11 Report results to the nearest litre or 50 in.3.8. Calculation8.1 Converting Litres to Cubic InchesTo convert litres tocubic inches, multiply the litres by
28、61.04.8.2 The volume of a cylinder is given as follows:Volume 5 height 3 diameter2! 3 3.1416 / 4FIG. 1 20-mm SpheresFIG. 2 Typical 18-in. Diameter Cylinder: Measurement Tool inHandF21530729. Precision and Bias9.1 Precision and bias for this test method has not yet beendetermined.10. Keywords10.1 bac
29、kpack; capacity; extended capacity; measurement;pack; unextended capacityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity o
30、f any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments a
31、re invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not re
32、ceived a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F2153073
